Fundamentals of Pediatric Neuroanesthesia

Introduction to pediatric neuroanesthesia.- Pediatric neurophysiology.- Sedatives and anesthetics; and their effect on neurophysiology.- Preoperative evaluation and preparation of children undergoing neurosurgery.- Airway equipment and difficult airway management during pediatric neurosurgery.- Anesthetizing pediatric neurosurgical patients.- Positioning children during neurosurgery.- Monitoring children undergoing neurosurgery.- Perioperative thermoregulation in children and temperature monitoring.- Fluid and electrolyte management in children undergoing neurosurgery.- Blood loss and replacement in children undergoing neurosurgery.- Hydrocephalus and CSF diversion procedures for pediatric neurosurgery patients.- Neural tube defects.- Anesthesia for fetal neurosurgery.- Perioperative management of children with chiari malformation.- Anesthetic concerns in children with cranio-vertebral junction anomaly.- Anesthetic concerns during pediatric spine surgery.- Craniosynostosis and anesthetic concerns.- Anesthesia for craniopagus separation surgery.- Anesthesia for minimally invasive neurosurgery in children.- Anesthetic concerns during surgical excision of intracranial arteriovenous malformations.- Anesthetic management of cerebral aneurysm surgery in children.- Anesthesia for vein of galen malformation.- Anesthetic concerns in children with brain abscess and congenital heart disease.- Anesthesia for moyamoya disease in children.- Anesthesia for pediatric deep brain stimulation.- Awake craniotomy in children.- Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery in children.- Anesthetic considerations for supratentorial space occupying lesions in children.- Anesthetic management of posterior fossa surgery in children.- Perioperative management of children with traumatic brain injury.- Anesthetic considerations in pediatric spine injury.- Anesthesia for interventional neuroradiologic procedures in children.- Neuroanesthesia for children at remote locations.- Anesthetic neurotoxicity in children and developing brain.- Recovery and postoperative care in children undergoing neurosurgery.- Postoperative pain management in children undergoing neurosurgery.- Respiratory complications and ventilator strategies in children undergoing neurosurgery.- Brain death and organ donation in children.- Regional anesthesia for neurosurgery in children.- Anesthesia for radiation therapy in children

The book provides an excellent review of all the clinical aspects of neuroanesthesia in children, including neurosurgeries during fetal state to neonatal, infancy, toddler, and school-going age groups. To provide optimal anesthetic care in children undergoing neurosurgery, the care provider must have adequate knowledge on the developing brain and spinal cord, and the effect of anesthetics on the neuronal tissue, and the inherent issues pertaining to neurologic lesions. This book covers the diagnostic, imaging, surgical as well as anesthetic managements of all the neurosurgical problems in children.

The chapters include a wide range of topics from basic neurophysiology to general concerns for pediatric neuroanesthesia, including fluid management, blood transfusion, temperature regulation, and surgical positioning, as well as specific issues such as anesthesia for brain tumor surgery, hydrocephalus, neural tube defects, cerebrovascular surgeries such as aneurysmal surgery, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), Moyamoya disease, and vein of Galen malformation, functional neurosurgery, epilepsy surgery, neuroendoscopy, craniovertebral junction anomalies, spinal surgeries, neurotrauma, and brain abscess with congenital heart diseases. Interesting topics like neuroanesthesia in remote locations, regional anesthesia during neurosurgery, and anesthesia for children with neuromuscular disease are also discussed. Moreover, the book elaborates on advanced neuroanesthesia techniques during fetal neurosurgery and craniopagus separation surgery; and the postoperative intensive care management aspects in each chapter.

This book caters to neuroanesthesiologists, pediatric anesthesiologists, residents, and fellows of anesthesia or neuroanesthesia, practicing anesthesiologists, pediatric neurointensivists, nurse anesthetists, neurosurgeons, and pediatric neurosurgeons. It also serves as a reference book for the DM (neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care), DNB-SS (neuroanesthesiology), and MD (anesthesiology) curriculums apart from anesthesia residency and pediatric anesthesia/ neurosurgery fellowship programs offered at various Institutions worldwide.

Author Information

Dr. Girija Prasad Rath is a professor of neuroanesthesiology and critical care at Neurosciences Centre of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Dr.Rath has received three years of exclusive training in neuroanesthesia at AIIMS and is among the first batch of anaesthesiologists in India to hold a super-specialty degree, i.e., Doctorate of Medicine (DM) in neuroanesthesiology. He has been involved in educational and clinical research activities in neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care with a special interest in pediatricneuroanesthesia. To his credit, he has more than 230 scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals, edited a book on Trigeminal Neuralgia, and is on the editorial board of four peer-reviewed journals, including Neurology India (NI) and Indian Journal of Anaesthesia (IJA). Since its inception, Dr.Rath is also the executive editor of the Journal of Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care (JNACC). He has mentored several residents and fellows of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care at AIIMS. Dr.Rath is a past treasurer of the Indian Society of Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) and an active member of many international scientific bodies. He is an executive council member of Asian Society for Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care (ASNACC), director-at-large for Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC) board of directors, the chair for SNACC Global Outreach Sub-Committee, and also a reviewer for the International Council for Perioperative Neuroscience Training (ICPNT). He is an invited speaker in the scientific meetings of various anesthesia societies that include the Indian Society of Anesthesiologists (ISA), ISNACC, ASNACC, EURONEURO, Bangladesh Neuroanesthesia Conference, Neuroanesthesia Symposium (NAS) of Malaysia, and World Congress of Anesthesiologists (WCA). Dr.Rath was involved in the first successful separation surgery of conjoined craniopagus twins in India. He is a recipient of the ICMR International Fellowship (ICMR-IF) and is a Fellow of the Indian College of Anaesthesiologists (FICA).