Thyroid FNA Cytology. Differential Diagnoses and Pitfalls

Diagnostic Clues for Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.- Factors Impacting Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Algorithm for Cytological Diagnosis.- False positive in Thyroid FNA: Causes and how to avoid them.- What's New in Thyroid Tumor Classification of the new WHO Classification of Endocrine Organs.- International comparison study of thyroid reporting systems.- Introiduction of the Italian Reporting System for Thyroid Cytology.- Introduction of the second edition Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology.- Australian System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology.- Introduction of the British system for thyroid FNA cytology, including emphasis on multidisciplinary team discussion.- How to triage patients with indeterminate nodule by the Japan Thyroid Association clinical guidelines.- How to Follow Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy-proven Benign Thyroid Nodules.- How to be considerate to patients with thyroid nodule, lesson from pediatric thyroid cancer screening program in Fukushima after nuclear plant accident.- LBC technique for thyroid FNA cytology.- Specimen adequacy in conventional smear and LBC preparation.- Cytological Features of Papillary Carcinoma on LBC Preparation, Compared with Conventional Preparation.- Cyst or Cystic Papillary Carcinoma.- Cyst Fluid Only Samples.- Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Other Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in the Neck.- Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Pathologic Basis for Thyroid Ultrasound.- Nuclear features of PTC (BRAF-like tumor) and FA/FTC (RAS like tumor).- Risk Stratification of Cases with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Type Nuclear Features into Low-risk, High-risk and Diagnostic of Malignancy in the Japanese System.- AUS/FLUS in the Bethesda system.- NIFTP in Asian practice.- NIFTP in Western practice.- Preoperative cytological diagnosis of NIFTP.- Tall Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs. Conventional Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Cribriform Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Papillary Carcinoma, Columnar Cell Variant - Diagnostic Pitfalls and Differential Diagnoses.- Hobnail Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Solid / trabecular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.- Oncocytic and non-oncocytic/ aggressive and non-aggressive variants of papillary carcinoma.- Subacute Thyroiditis or Papillary Carcinoma.- Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor vs. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Hyalinizng trabecular tumor in HE samples.- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis or Papillary Carcinoma.- MALT Lymphoma vs. Hashimoto Thyroiditis.- Malignant lymphoma or metastatic epithelial tumors.- Medullary (C cell) Thyroid Carcinoma or Oxyphilic Follicular Neoplasms.- Medullary (C cell) Carcinoma or Metastatic Carcinoma to Thyroid.- Intrathyroid Thymic Carcinoma vs. Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma.- Parathyroid Adenoma and Its Differential Diagnoses.- Risk-classification of follicular pattern lesions in thyroid FNA cytology (part 1: benign follicular pattern lesion vs FN/SFN).- Risk-classification of Follicular Pattern Lesions in Thyroid FNA Cytology (part 2: Follicular Adenoma and Follicular Carcinoma).- Challenges encountered in the cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm.- Hurthle cell neoplasms in HE samples.- Hurthle cell neoplasms in Papanicoloau samples.- Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma vs. Well Differentiated Carcinoma.- Poorly differentiated carcinoma and Anaplastic Carcinoma.- Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in case-based outline.- Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma vs. Follicular Neoplasm.- Necrotic Background in Thyroid FNA Cytology: Anaplastic Transformation or Infarction in Papillary Carcinoma.- Infectious Thyroiditis.- Cytological characteristics related to treatment in Graves disease.- Cytological and histological characteristics after percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation in various thyroid nodules..- Complications of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy.- Pitfalls in Immunocytochemical Study Using Fine Needle Aspiration Samples.- Biochemical Tests of Fine-needle Aspirate as An Adjunct to Cytological Diagnosis for Patients with Thyroid Cancer or Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Experience in molecular testing using FNA cytology in EU countries.- Molecular testing of thyroid nodules using FNA cytology in USA.- Pitfalls of molecular tests in thyroid FNA cytology.- Pitfalls in Molecular-based Diagnosis Using Thyroid Cytology.- THE FNA CLINIC.- Techniques of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration.- Core needle biopsy vs FNA cytology.- Standard and Rapid Stains in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Rapid On-Site Evaluation.- Quality Control for Cytology Laboratory in USA.- Pediatric thyroid cancer screening program in Fukushima after nuclear plant accident.- Pathology and cytology of thyroid diseases in pediatric population.- Pathology of radiation-induced thyroid cancer (Lesson from Chernobyl thyroid cancer study).- A strategy to search for new cytologic criteria for differential diagnostics of thyroid cancers based on current (post-Chernobyl) practice in Ukraine.

This book offers a comprehensive guide to thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Borderline/precursor tumors, which were introduced in the 4th edition of the WHO classification of thyroid tumors, are also incorporated.

In this second edition, prominent international experts discuss the different approaches to thyroid FNA cytology employed in various countries such as Australia, Canada, China, Korea, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the USA, UK, Italy and Japan. The book not only covers key principles of thyroid cytopathology but also addresses technical aspects such as procedural complications, liquid-based cytology, immunocytochemistry, staining procedures, and potential pitfalls. Case-based descriptions and clinical findings, radiologic imaging, cytology, and histopathologic diagnosis - all complemented by a wealth of detailed photographs - will help reader understand and overcome many common dilemmas in daily practice. As such, the book represents an indispensable reference work for all cytopathologists, especially those practicing thyroid cytopathology.

Kennichi Kakudo, MD, PhD, FIAC
Department of Pathology, Nara Hospital, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
Professor Emeritus, Wakayama Medical University