Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, Vol. 6: Ovarian Cancer, Renal Cancer, Urogenitary Tract Cancer, Urinary Bladder Cancer (...)

About this book

This sixth volume in the series Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis discusses Ovarian Cancer, Renal Cancer, Urogenitary Cancer, Urinary Bladder Cancer, Cervical Uterine Cancer, Skin Cancer, Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma and Sarcoma. Both standard and emerging therapies for these cancers, written by expert oncologists/pathologists in this field, are included.

This fully illustrated volume

• Identifies biomarkers based on genetic alterations for clear cell ovarian adenocarcinoma.
• Identifies subgroups of ovarian cancer by using differential gene expression.
• Includes the application of the power-Doppler imaging for distinguishing benign from malignant complex adrenal masses in ovarian cancer.
• Emphasizes the advantage of using cytoreduction surgery for diagnosing advanced ovarian cancer.
• Provides details on the treatment of kidney cancer with radiofrequency ablation, surgery, and chemotherapy.
• Explains the use of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland.
• Discusses the chemotherapy of testicular cancer and related second primary tumors.
• Includes the diagnosis of urothelial bladder cancer with urine-based tumor markers.
• Explains the use of immunohistochemistry and MRI for diagnosing uterine cervical cancer and describes the staging of this cancer using PET alone or PET/CT.
• Describes the localization of malignant melanoma using FDG-PET/CT.
• Explains the use of prognostic receptors for nonmelanoma skin cancer.
• Details the treatment of multiple myeloma using immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted radionuclide therapy.
• Presents diagnostic immunohistochemistry of synovial and Kaposi's sarcoma.

The technological advances presented in this volume are expected to expedite new discoveries and their translation to clinical practice. The field of oncology will benefit the most from these advanced methods, as a combination of therapies and personalized medicine will improve early detection of these different types of cancer.

Professor Hayat has summarized the problems associated with the complexities of research publications and has been successful in editing a must-read volume for oncologists, cancer researchers, medical teachers and students of cancer biology.

Written for: Oncologists, clinicians, surgeons, medical teachers, hospital laboratories, medical students, drug industry and libraries

Keywords: Cancer

Table of contents

PART I. OVARIAN CANCER

Diagnosis

1. IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR CLEAR CELL OVARIAN ADENOCARCINOMA; Samuel C. Mok, Michael P. Stanley, Hiroshi Tsuda, and Michael J. Birrer

INTRODUCTION
GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CLEAR CELL OVARIAN CANCER
CLEAR CELL OVARIAN CANCER HAS DISTINCT
TRANSCRIPTION PROFILES
DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN CLEAR CELL
ADENOCARCINOMA OF DIFFERENT ORGANS
REFERENCES

2. OVARIAN CARCINOMA: DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF MUCIN 4 (MUC4); Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Ajay P. Singh, Subodh M. Lele, and Surinder K. Batra

INTRODUCTION
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF OVARIAN CANCER
STAGES AND PROGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER
BIOMARKERS AND SCREENING OF OVARIAN CANCER
ABERRANT MUCIN EXPRESSION IN OVARIAN CANCER
MUCIN 4: Structure and Biology
MUCIN 4 in Ovarian Cancer
METHODOLOGY FOR MUCIN4 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Tissue Sectioning
Immunolabeling
Assessment of MUC4 Staining
REFERENCES

3. DISTINGUISHING BENIGN FROM MALIGNANT COMPLEX ADNEXAL MASSES IN OVARIAN CANCER: TWO- DIMENSIONAL POWER-DOPPLER IMAGING; Juan Luis Alcazar

INTRODUCTION
PATIENTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

4. SUBGROUPS OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA: IDENTIFICATION USING DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION; Kristin L.M. Boylan, Keith M. Skubitz, and Amy P.N. Skubitz

INTRODUCTION
OVARIAN CANCER HETEROGENEITY
SELECTION OF SAMPLES FOR GENE MICROARRAY ANALYSIS
CONTAMINATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES BY OTHER
CELLS IN TISSUES
NUMBER OF SAMPLES TO ANALYZE FOR GENE PROFILING
IMPORTANCE OF PATHOLOGICAL QUALITY CONTROL
CLINICAL CORRELATIONS
GENE MICROARRAY PLATFORMS
RNA ISOLATION FOR GENERATING GENE EXPRESSION DATA
ANAYSIS OF GENE MICROARRAY DATA
NEED FOR SECONDARY VALIDATION OF DATA
GOALS FOR GENE MICROARRAY ANAYSIS
GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS USED TO DETERMINE OVARIAN
CANCER SUBGROUPS
GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS USED TO COMPARE DIFFERENT
STAGES OR GRADES OF OVARIAN CANCER
GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES BASED ON METASTASIS
CORRELATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES TO
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC RESPONSE
CORRELATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES TO SURGICAL DEBULKING
CORRELATION OF GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES TO PATIENTS’ SURVIVAL
REFERENCES

5. SERTOLIFORM ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY: DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS; Monalisa Sur and Dean Daya

INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSIS
Clinical Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Cytokeratins
Epithelial Membrane Antigen
Inhibin
Calretinin
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
Other Markers
PROGNOSIS
REFERENCES

Prognosis

6. ROLE OF MUC16 (CA125) IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER; Jennifer A. Arens Gubbels, Joseph P. Connor, and Manish S. Patankar

INTRODUCTION
CA125 and MUC16
MUC16 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
MESOTHELIN AND MUC16 BINDING: A MODEL FOR METASTASIS
Mesothelin
Mesothelin and MUC16 Binding
Kinetics of Mesothelin-MUC16 Binding
Mesothelin Binds to N-Linked Oligosaccharides Present on MUC16
MUC16 BINDING TO NATURAL KILLER CELLS: IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS
A Phenotypic Shift
NK Cell Differentiation
Tumor Cell Layers of Protection
REFERENCES

7. CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY: PROGNOSIS USING CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY; Masashi Takano, Naoki Sasaki, and Toru Sugiyama

INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS
CLINICAL OUTCOME
Resistance to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Retroperitoneal Involvement
Prognosis after Cytoreductive Surgery
REFERENCES

8. ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER: PREDICTION OF SURGICAL OUTCOMES USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; Sean C. Dowdy and William A. Cliby

INTRODUCTION
VALUE OF CYTOREDUCTION
Ability of Computed Tomography to Predict Optimal Cytoreduction
OTHER TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING SURGICAL OUTCOMES
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES

PART II. RENAL CANCER

Treatment

9. RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: FOLLOW-UP WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AFTER PERCUTANEOUS RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; Elmar M. Merkle, Rendon C. Nelson, and Jonathan S. Lewin

INTRODUCTION
INVOLUTION OF THE RADIOFREQUENCY-INDUCED THERMAL
ABLATION ZONE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RADIOFREQUENCY-INDUCED THERMAL ABLATION
ZONES
RESIDUAL OR RECURRENT TUMOR
REFERENCES

10. METASTATIC KIDNEY CANCER: TREATMENT WITH INFUSIONAL INTERLEUKIN-2 PLUS FAMOTIDINE; Walter D.Y. Quan Jr., and Francine M. Quan

INTRODUCTION
PATIENTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

11. RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT WITH CYTOKINES FOLLOWED BY SURGERY; Tobias Klatte and Malte Böhm

INTRODUCTION
CYTOKINES FROM IMMUNODULATION
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PERIOPERATIVE
IMMUNOMONITORING
Flow Cytometry
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
PERIOPERATIVE IMMUNOMODULATION WITH INTERLEUKIN-2
PERIOPERATIVE IMMUNOMODULATION WITH INTERFERON-ALPHA
OTHER AGENTS
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES

Prognosis

12. METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: USE OF Bcl-2 AND FAS TO PREDICT RESPONSES TO IMMUNOTHERAPY; Yoshihiko Tomita, Ryo Maruyama, Toshiyuki Itoi, and Vladimir Bilim

INTRODUCTION
APOPTOTIC MACHINERY AND TUMOR CELLS
FAS-DRIVEN APOPTOSIS AND BCL-2 IN RENAL CELL CANCER CELLS
BCL-2 OR FAS AND PROGNOSIS OF RENAL CELL CANCER PATIENTS
ABSENCE OF BCL-2 AND FAS/CD95/APO-1 PREDICTS THE RESPONSE
TO IMMUNOTHERAPY IN METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Clinical Course of the Patients
Expression of Bcl-2
Expression of Fas
Detection of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

13. WILMS TUMOR: PROGNOSIS USING MICROVESSEL DENSITY; Yasemin Ozluk

INTRODUCTION
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN WILMS TUMOR
ANGIOGENESIS
Quantification Methods
Angiogenesis and Wilms Tumor
REFERENCES

PART III. UROGENITARY TRACT CANCER

Adrenal

14. ADENOMATOID TUMOR OF THE ADRENAL GLAND: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; Fanny Burel-Vandenbos, Nathalie Cardot-Leccia, Juliette Haudebourg, Danien Ambrosetti, and Jean-Francois Michiels

INTRODUCTION
GENERAL FEATURES
HISTOLOGY AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
IMMUNOPHENOTYPE
REFERENCES

Testicular

15. TESTICULAR CANCER: POST-CHEMOTHERAPY RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; Philippe E. Spiess, Nizar M. Tannir, and Louis L. Pisters

INTRODUCTION
INDICATIONS FOR POSTCHEMOTHERAPY RETROPERITONEAL
LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
TREATMENT-RELATED OUTCOMES
POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS
POSTOPERATIVE FOLLOW-UP
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

16. SURVIVORS OF GERM-CELL TESTICULAR CANCER: INCREASED RISK OF SECOND PRIMARY TUMORS; Lorenzo Richiardi and Milena M. Maule

INTRODUCTION
METHODS TO INVESTIGATE SECOND PRIMARY CANCERS
Cohort Studies
Nested Case-Control Studies
Methodological Limitations
SECOND PRIMARY CANCERS AMONG SURVIVORS OF TESTICULAR CANCER
Testicular Cancers
Seminomas and NonSeminomas
Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
REFERENCES

PART IV. URINARY BLADDER CANCER

Diagnosis

17. UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER: SCREENING WITH URINE-BASED TUMOR MARKERS; Robert S. Svatek and Yair Lotan

RATIONALE
PREVIOUS SCREENING PROGRAMS
SCREENING IN PEOPLE WITH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
HEMATURIA SCREENING
URINE-BASED TUMOR MARKERS
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MARKER EVALUATION
Specific Urine-based Tumor Markers
BLADDER TUMOR ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN TEST
NUCLEAR MATRIX PROTEIN-22
UROVYSION
IMMUNOCYT/ucyt
COST-EFFECTIVENESS
BASIS AND PITFALLS IN UROTHELIAL BLADDER CANCER SCREENING
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
REFERENCES

18. DETECTION OF OCT-4 IN BLADDER CANCER: FURTHER EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF CANCER STEM CELL HYPOTHESIS; Seyed Javad Mowla, Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad, and Yaser Atlasi

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS
METHODS
Human Clinical Samples
Total RNA Extraction
Semi-quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Western Blotting
Quantification of the Concentration of Extracted Protein
Stripping and Reprobing the Membrane
Immunohistochemistry
Statistical Analyses
RESULTS
Expression of OCT-4 in Tumor and Non-Tumor Tissues of Human Bladder
Tissue Distribution and Intracellular Localization of OCT-4 Protein in Bladder Tumors DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

PART V. CERVICAL UTERINE CANCER

Diagnosis

19. UTERINE CERVICAL GLANDULAR LESIONS: DIFFERENTIATION USING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF MUCINS; Allyson C. Baker, William E. Grizzle, and David Chhieng

INTRODUCTION
METHODS AND MATERIALS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

20. UTERINE CERVICAL CARCINOMA: PREOPERATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STAGING; Hak Jong Lee and Seung Hyup Kim

INTRODUCTION
NORMAL ANATOMY OF UTERINE CERVIX
GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF UTERINE CERVICAL CANCER
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR UTERINE CERVICAL CANCER
Magnetic Resonance Findings of Uterine Cervical Cancer
Magnetic Resonance Staging of Uterine Cervical Cancer
PELVIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VERSUS MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Evaluation of Pelvic Lymph Nodes
REFERENCES

Treatment

21. CANCER IMAGING AND INTERCAVITARY BRACHYTHERAPY FOR CERVICAL CANCER; Shingo Kato and Tatsuya Ohno

INTRODUCTION
INTERCAVITARY BRACHYTHERAPY FOR CERVICAL CANCER
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR CERVICAL CANCER
BRACHYTHERAPY
IMAGE-BASED BRACHYTHERAPY
REFERENCES

Prognosis

22. CERVICAL CANCER: METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF LIFE; Elfriede Greimel

INTRODUCTION
THE CONCEPT OF QUALITY OF LIFE
SELECTING APPROPRIATE QUALITY OF LIFE MEASUREMENTS
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENT
TYPES OF QUALITY OF LIFE MEASUREMENTS
DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-CULTURAL VALIDATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENTS
THE EORTC MODULAR APPROACH TO QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CERVICAL CANCER MODULE
REFERENCES

23. CERVICAL CANCER: POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND POSITRON EMISSION. TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; Lilie L.Lin and Perry W. Grigsby

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND AND STAGING
DIRECTING THERAPY
PROGNOSIS
POSTTHERAPY MONITORING
REFERENCES

24. ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: INDOLEAMINE 2, 3-DIOXYGENASE AS A PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR; Kazuhiko Ino, Eiko Yamamoto, Kiyosumi Shibata, Hiroaki Kajiyama, Akihiro Nawa, and Fumitaka Kikkawa

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Antibodies
Patients
Immunohistochemical Staining
Evaluation of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase Expression
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

PART VI. SKIN CANCER

Melanoma

25. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1-ASSOCIATED MALIGNANT MELANOMA: MOLECULAR EVIDENCE OF INACTIVATION OF THE NF1 GENE; Albert Rübben

INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
Definition of Cancer Genes
Identification of Genes Implicated in Oncogenesis
ROLE OF NF1 GENE MUTATIONS IN NF1-ASSOCIATED MELANOMA
Melanoma Incidence in NF1
Biologic Role of Neurofibromin in Melanocytes
Mutations of the NF1 Gene in Malignant Melanoma
Inactivation of the NF1 Gene in NF1-Associated Malignant Melanoma
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

26. MALIGNANT MELANOMA: LOCALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION USING FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE-POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/ COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; Oliver Gheysens and Felix Mottaghy

INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL BACKGROUND
USE OF FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION
TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA
DETECTION OF LOCOREGIONAL LYMPH NODE INVASION
DETECTION OF DISTANT METASTASES
PITFALLS AND ADDITIONAL VALUE OF INTEGRATIVE PET/CT IMAGING
ROLE OF FDG-PET IN MONITORING RESPONSE TO THERAPY
ROLE OF FDG-PET IN PATIENT MANAGEMENT
ALTERNATIVE TRACERS FOR DIAGNOSING MALIGNANT MELANOMA AND MONITORING THERAPY RESPONSE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

27. MALIGNANT MELANOMA VERSUS DEEP PENETRATING NEVUS: DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV (METHODOLOGY); Alexander Roesch, Michael Landthaler, and Thomas Vogt

INTRODUCTION
DEEP PENETRATING NEVUS AS A MODEL OF PARADOXICAL
MELANOCYTIC INVASION
COMMON MELANOMA MARKERS FAIL TO SEPARATE MELANOCYTIC
INVASION FROM TRUE MELANOCYTIC MALIGNANCY
IMMUNOSTAINING OF DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV DISCRIMINATES
METASTATIC MALIGNANT MELANOMA FROM DEEP
PENETRATING NEVUS-APPLICATION OF A NEW
HISTOMORPHOLOGIC EXPRESSION ALGORITHM (METHODOLOGY)
Tissue Sample Collection and Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemical Evaluation
DISCUSSION AND BIOLOGIC BACKGROUND
REFERENCES

Non-melanoma

28. NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER: USE OF EPHA1 RECEPTOR AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER; Christian Hafner

THE EPH/EPHRIN FAMILY
EPH/EPHRIN EXPRESSION IN ADULT HUMAN TISSUES
EPH/EPHRIN EXPRESSION IN HUMAN SKIN
EPHA1 AND NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER
REFERENCES

PART VII. LEUKEMIA

29. PRETREATED CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA: USE OF ALEMTUZUMAB; Michael Fiegl

INTRODUCTION
EVOLUTION OF TREATMENTS FOR CLL
ALEMTUZUMAB AS MONOTHERAPY IN PRETREATED B-CLL
Data from the Austrian-Czech Registry
Retreatment with Alemtuzumab
Cytogenetic Stratification of Alemtuzumab Use
COMBINATION THERAPY WITH ALEMTUZUMAB IN PRETREATED CLL
CONSOLIDATION AND MAINTENANCE THERAPY WITH
ALEMTUZUMAB IN PRETREATED CLL
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

PART VIII. MULTIPLE MYELOMA

30. IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES, RADIOTHERAPY, AND TARGETED RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY APPROACHES FOR THE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA; Malay Chatterjee, Tridib Chakraborty, Ajay Rana, and Basabi Rana

INTRODUCTION
THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Monoclonal Antibodies
Anti-IL-6 Therapy
Strategies for Targeting IGF-1
Immunotoxins and Immunoconjugates
Radioimmunoconjugates
Myeloma Vaccines
Growth Factors
Manipulation of Immune Cells (Cell Therapy)
TARGETED RADIOTHERAPY
Bone Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals
Skeletal Targeted Radiotherapy
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

PART IX. SARCOMA

Diagnosis

31. LOW GRADE FIBROMYXOID SARCOMA: DIAGNOSIS BY DETECTING FUS-CREB3L2 FUSION GENE USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; Atsuji Matsuyama, Masanori Hisaoka, and Hiroshi Hashimoto

INTRODUCTION
DETECTION OF FUS-CREB3L2 FUSION TRANSCRIPTS USING FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TUMOR TISSUE
Primers
RNA Extraction
RT-PCR
Sequence Analysis
RESULTS AND EVALUATION
REFERENCES

32. SYNOVIAL SARCOMA: ROLE OF TLE1 AS A DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKER; Jefferson Terry and Torsten O. Nielsen

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS
METHODS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
REFERENCES

33. THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF KAPOSI’S SARCOMA; Liron Pantanowitz, Gabriel Caponetti, and Bruce J. Dezube

INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS
METHODS
INTERPRETATION
HISTOGENESIS
PATHOGENESIS
HHV8 Infection
Angiogenesis
Chemokines
Apoptosis
DIAGNOSIS
THERAPY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

34. SYNOVIAL SARCOMA: ROLE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS IN DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS; Andrew Horvai

INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSIS
Histology
Ultrastructure
Immunohistochemistry
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics
In Situ Hybridization
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PROGNOSTIC MARKERS FOR SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
REFERENCES

Treatment

35. SARCOMA: TREATMENT WITH ECTEINASCIDIN-743; Jérôme Fayette, Philippe Cassier, Laura Brousseau, Armelle Dufresne, Isabelle Ray Coquard, Laurent Alberti, Pierre Méeus, Anne-Valérie Decouvelaere, Marie-Pierre Sunyach, Dominique Ranchère, and Jean-Yves Blay

INTRODUCTION
MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND RESISTANCE
METABOLISM AND TOXICITY OF ECTEINASCIDIN-743
CLINICAL ACTIVITY OF ECTEINASCIDIN-743 IN PATIENTS WITH SARCOMA
ECTEINASCIDIN-743 COMBINATION WITH OTHER DRUGS
REFERENCES