Cerebral Palsy, 3 Vols.

Section 1 Etiology

The Child, The Parent and the Goal
Prematurity
Congenital malformation
Infections
Congenital Metabolic
In utero Stroke
Problem during delivery
Post natal encephalopathy

Section 2 Epidemiology

Over-view of the past 50 Years
American experience
European Experience
Asian experience
African experience

Section 3 Pathology

Physical pathology
Current Imaging -PET
Muscle changes at the cellular level
Gross Anatomic Muscle changes in CP
Neuro-motor junction changes
Bone Alterations in CP

Section 4 Diagnosis

Over view of when and how to evaluate
Who should get Imaging
Indications for metabolic work up
Indications for full genetic work up
Prognosis assessment - role of PE -Pathologic Reflexes
Classification Terminology

Section 5 General Medical Concerns

Over view of Normal Natural history
The Irritable Child with CP
Pain in The Non-communicative Patient
Post-operative Pain Management

Section 6 Neurologic Problems

Seizures - Diagnosis, Natural History
Seizures - Medical Management
Seizures - Ketogenic Diet - Indication and Description
Seizures - Role of VNS
Seizures - Role of Surgical Removal
Seizure Surgery - Workup and technique Description
Pseudo-seizures - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hydrocephalus Diagnosis and treatment indications
Shunting for Hydrocephalus
Surgical Ventriculostomy for Hydrocephalus

Section 7 Psychologic and Psychiatric Problems

Attention Deficient associated with CP
Autism and CP as Comorbidities
Family Stress Secondary to Disability
Impact on Siblings
Depression associated with CP
Mood disorders (Bipolar and CP)
Thought disorder and CP

Section 8 Gastro-intestinal Problems

Over view and natural of feeding issues with growth and development
Aspiration - risks, work up, when is it a problem
Gastrostomy feeding - when indicated
Tracheostomy or diversion - When indicated and how done
Weight and growth in the child with CP
Feeding Therapy - Indications how long (Maybe in therapy section)
GE reflux - Work up and medical Management
GE Reflux - Work up and Surgical Management
Poor Intestinal Motility
Constipation - Implications long term and treatment

Section 9 Genito-Urinary

Toilet training and bladder control - Expectations and when to work up
Neurogenic Bladder
Renal stones - risks, prevention and management
Undescended Testicles -

Section 10 Ear Nose and Throat

Drooling - diagnosis, measurement and medical management
Drooling - management with local injections - Botulinum
Drooling - Surgical treatment options and outcomes
Hearing Evaluation - When and How
Cochlear Implant Indication and role in CP
Upper Airway Obstruction - Indication for adenoid and tonsillectomy

Section 11 Pulmonary

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - Natural History, etiology and outcome
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - Medical management
Reactive airways - Chronic aspiration
Airway obstruction - Work up and medical management
Airway obstruction - Indication and options for surgical management

Section 12 Endocrine

Pitutary-hypohoseal dysfunction
Adrenal insufficency
Short Stature - Work up and treatment indications
Pillow angel treatment - indication ethics approach
Glucose intolerance due to intramuscular fat
Premature or Delayed Sexual Maturation

Section 13 Eyes

Testing Sight - how when and the outcome
Strabismus
Cortical blindness

Section 14 Dental

Routine hygiene, When and how for child with CP
Dental Caries - When to treat, how often to check outcome
Gum Hypertrophy - etiology, and management and outcome
Malignments - when to treat and expected outcome
Bruxism - Management and long term outcome
Lip biting - Management and long term outcome

Section 15 Neuromuscular Function

Neurologic Control of the Muscluosketal System
Muscle tone - Spasticity - Assessment
Movement disorders - Description and assessment
Medical Management of Spasticity
Medical Management of Movement disorders
Local treatment - Botulinum, Phenol, Neurectomy
Inthrathecal Baclofen Therapy
Dorsal Rhizotomy
Deep Brain Stimulation
Ataxia - Disorder of Balance, Description and Assessment
Assessing dynamic Balance

Section 16 Gait in CP

Normal Gait
Overview and Natural history of CP Gait
Use of Diagnostic Gait Analysis to Guide Treatment
Using Gait Analysis as an Outcome Assessment
Managing Hemiplegic Gait
Diplegic Gait
Torsional Malignments
Stance phase - Crouch and Back Kneeing
Swing Phase - Toe drag
Gait with Movement Disorders
Gait in Ataxia
Complications of Gait Management and Gait Analysis

Section 17 Upper Extremity

Overview of Natural History and Outcome
Assessment of the Upper Extremity for Diagnostic Assessment
Assessment of the Upper Extremity for Outcome Evaluation
Tone Management - Botulinum, Neurectomy, Rhizotomy
Single Event Multi-level Surgery Approach
Shoulder
Elbow
Forearm and Wrist
Thumb
Fingers

Section 18 Spine

Overview and Natural History
Non-operative Management of CP scoliosis
Surgical Planning - Medical Evaluation Pre-op
Role and Response to Spinal Cord Monitoring
Anesthesia for CP Spinal Fusion
Surgical Management of Scoliosis (operative Procedure)
Surgical Management of Kyphosis and Lordosis
Post-operative Management
Managing Early Onset Scoliosis in CP
Managing Complications related to Spinal Fusion
Cervical Spinal Problems in CP
Lumbar Spondolethesis
Ambulatory child CP and Scoliosis
Scoliosis and Hip dislocation - Management considerations

Section 19 Hip

Summary Overview
Etiology and Natural History
Screening and Surveillance
Prophalactic Treatment
Reconstruction of Common Posterior Lateral Displacement
Reconstruction of the Atypical- Anterior or Inferior Displacement
Palliative or Salvage Treatment
Complications of CP hip Management

Section 20 Knee

Summary of Knee problems
Patella-femoral instability
Apophositis and stress fractures
Rotatory or torsion Instability
Fixed knee flexion Contracture
Hyper-extension knee deformity
Knee extension Contracture and Stiff Knee Gait
Tibial Torsion and Bowing

Section 21 Ankle, Foot, and Toes

Over view of the FOOT in CP
Natural History of Foot posture in Children with CP
Equinus
Ankle Varus and Valgus
Planovalgus
Varus
Calcaneovalgus
Hallux
Claw toes, Over Lap, and Crossing Toes
Toe Nail Problems
Complications of Managing Foot Problems

Section 22 Physical Therapy

Over view and history of therapy for CP
Early Intervention - techniques and outcome
Habilation therapy - in middle childhood - role and outcome
Short High Intensity VS Long-term Low frequency
Rehabilitation Therapy -(Post op) Frequency and Approach
Role of Therapy in Teenagers to prevent function loss
Educational Therapy - Technique outcome, how not medical therapy
Therapy Theories - NDT ECT outcome expectations
Hydrotherapy
Strength Training
Cardiovascular Endurance training
Hippotherapy
Robotic training, Suspended Treadmill training

Section 23 Occupational Therapy

Over view theories and expectations
Early intervention expectations and outcome
UE Habilation techniques - Outcomes
Constrained use - Enforced use Therapy Techniques and expected outcome
UE splinting VS use encouragement
Evaluation for Driver Training and adaptations

Section 24 Speech Therapy

Over view of ST and expect outcome
Feeding Therapy Indications, techniques, outcome
Speech therapy, When techniques and expected outcome.
Augmentative communication, When and expected outcome how to evaluate
Training oral control for Drooling - Techniques and outcome

Section 25 Augmentative and Complimentary Therapies

Over view of the wide range
Swimming with Dolphins
Hyperbaric Oxygen
Acupuncture
Pressure suits and vests
Elastic Space suits
Votja Technique
ECT ECT ECT

Section 26 Durable Medical Equipment

Standers - Which, when how long, who and what is the benefit
Reclining - Side Lyers, wedges, beds - Benefit for who and when
Gait trainers - Who when how long - Benefit
Walkers - WHO WHEN how long and what is the benefit
Crutches, and canes and sticks -
UE - Self feeders - WHO W WH outcome

Section 27 Wheel Chairs

General Over view of issues to be considered
Wheel chair VS stroller - difference and why and when and outcome
Power Wheel chair - WHEN WHO outcome
Early power wheeled toy mobility - Benefit outcome
Consideration of the appropriate WHEEL chair for permanent use
One arm drive chair for who and when

Section 28 Orthotics

General Overview when indicated benefits and risks
Control Foot posture - Arch supports, UCBL and SMO
Ankle control
Knee control options
Hip control
UE orthotics

This new edition will grow to three volumes and significantly expand existing sections on medical management of children with cerebral palsy, research, education and therapies.  The first volume will cover the cause of CP, the underlying pathology in the brain and the secondary pathologies in different tissues, such as muscle and bone. There are a fair number of controversies and new techniques, such as PET scans, that are getter attention to make earlier diagnosis. It is still not clear whether early diagnosis makes a long term difference.  Epidemiology will also be discussed.

The second volume will focus on general medical concerns related to CP on each of the medical specialties and the musculoskeletal section - which served as the main focus of the previous edition.  This volume will be updated with an emphasis on gait disorders, spasticity, seizures and movement disorders.  New research and techniques on the hip and spine areas will be added as well.

The third and final volume will be an expanded and comprehensive resource on therapies.  More detail on the latest outcome research and techniques will be provided along with sections on orthotics and novel treatments and techniques.

This reference work will build on gaps within the first edition and continue to be the definitive guide for rehabilitation physicians, orthopedics, neurologists and therapists who treat children with CP

Freeman Miller, MD
Co-Director Cerebral Palsy Program
AI DuPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, DE

Steven Bachrach, MD
Co-Director Cerebral Palsy Program
AI DuPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, DE

Nancy Lennon, PT
Cerebral Palsy Program Manager
AI DuPont Hospital for Children
Wilmington, DE

Margaret E. O'Neil, PT, PhD, MPH
Professor
Columbia University Medical Center
Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medcine
Programs in Physical Therapy
New York, NY