Metabolic Syndrome. A Comprehensive Textbook

Description

This comprehensive reference work edited by one of the leading authorities on obesity presents an up-to-date survey of the current scientific understanding of the metabolic syndrome, as well as an overview of the most significant changes to the field over the past 30 years. This volume is a thorough reference for obesity and the metabolic syndrome and will prove an indispensable resource for clinicians and researchers at levels worldwide. The obesity epidemic has generated immense interest in recent years due to the wide-ranging and significant adverse health and economic consequences that surround the problem. Much attention has been focused on behaviors that lead to obesity, in particular to over consumption of energy-dense food and to sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity is an extremely complex condition with poorly defined pathogenesis. In addition, when combined with other comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, obesity often leads to a patient diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, a very troubling condition that has grown, and is continuing to grow, rapidly each year in prevalence worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions — increased blood pressure, a high blood sugar level, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels — that occur together, increasing one’s risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. This resource covers the full range of scientific and clinical aspects: epidemiology, genetics, environmental factors, pathophysiology, diseases associated with obesity, and clinical management.

Contents

Foreword
Preface

Part 1: Epidemiology
(i) Overview: Definition, prevalence in adults and children,morbidity, mortality
(ii) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in North America
(iii) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Europe
(iv) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Latin America
(v) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Sub-Saharan Africa
(v) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Middle East
(vi) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Asia
(vii) Obesity and metabolic syndrome in Australia, New Zealand and Polynesia

Part 2: Genetics
(i) Genetics of obesity
(ii) Genetics of type 2 diabetes
(iii) Genetics of lipid disorders
(iv) Genetics of atherosclerosis

Part 3: Environmental factors
(i) Gestational factors, obesity and metabolic syndrome
(ii) Influence of early postnatal environment on obesity and metabolic syndrome (breast feeding, weaning, family environment)
(iii) Diet, obesity and metabolic syndrome (calories, macronutrients, high fructose corn syrup, micronutrients)
(iv) Exercise and non-exercise physical activity, obesity and metabolic syndrome
(v) Influence of housing, transportation, TV and electronic media on obesity and metabolic syndrome
(vi) Social and community networks, obesity and metabolic syndrome

Part 4: Pathophysiology
(i) Energy homeostasis
(ii) Metabolism of carbohydrate, proteins and lipids
(iii) CNS regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis
(iv) Adipose tissue (structure, WAT and BAT, adipokines, fuel metabolism)
(v) Gut pathophysiology (motor, exocrine, endocrine)
(vi) Endocrine pancreas (alpha, beta , other cells, insulin defects in obesity)
(vii) Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome
(viii) Gut microbiome, obesity and metabolism
(ix) Atherogenic dyslipidemia
(x) Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis
(xi) Skeletal muscle, myokines and metabolism
(xii) Sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism

Part 5: Diseases associated with obesity
(i) Type 2 diabetes (natural history, pathogenesis, assessment of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction, treatment)
(ii) Cardiovascular morbidity (CAD; stroke)
(iii) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(iv) Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity and metabolic syndrome
(v) Obesity, GERD, Barrett’s esophagus
(vii) Connecting metabolic syndrome and cancer
(viii) Sarcopenic obesity
(ix) Obesity, PCOS and infertility
(x) Endocrinopathies associated with obesity (insulin,thyroid, glucocorticoids, growth hormone)
(xi) Obesity, metabolic syndrome and dementia

Part 6: Management
(i) Assessment of obesity and cardiometabolic risk (body composition, laboratory investigation, imaging, novel biomarkers)
(ii) Diet, exercise, behavior therapy
(iii) Pharmacotherapy
(iv) Bariatric surgery
(v) Childhood interventions (school –based and other programs)
(vi) Community, national and global interventions

Authors

Dr. Ahima is a Professor of Medicine at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. He received a BSc from the University of London, MD from the University of Ghana, and PhD from Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. He did an internship and residency in internal medicine at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack D. Weiler Hospital and Jacobi Medical Center, in New York. He then moved to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School in Boston, for subspecialty training in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and postdoctoral research in the laboratory of Dr. Jeffrey Flier.

Dr. Ahima served as Instructor in Medicine at Harvard prior to moving to Penn in 1999. He received an Owl Club Teaching Award at Tulane University School of Medicine, Leo Davidoff Award at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Pfizer Postdoctoral Award at Harvard Medical School, and the Albert Stunkard Founder's Award at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Ahima was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation in 2005, and the Association of American Physicians in 2010. He is board certified in Internal Medicine, and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, and The Obesity Society. Dr. Ahima has served as a reviewer for theNational Institutes of Health, Wellcome Foundation of the United Kingdom, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and is a member of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Dr. Ahima is a past Associate Editor ofGastroenterology, and theJournal of Clinical Investigation, and currently a Co-Editor of theAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences Year in Diabetes and Obesity.

Dr. Ahima's research is focused on the central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. He is interested in how adipocyte hormones, such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin, act in the brain and other organs. These studies which have important implications for the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes, involve the use of transgenic mice, chemical and immunoassays, in vivo metabolic measurements, neurochemistry, and tissue culture techniques. Dr. Ahima has a clinical interest in obesity, diabetes and related metabolic diseases. He is an attending endocrinologist at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, director ofObesity Unitof theInstitute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, and director of thePenn Diabetes Research Center Mouse Phenotyping Core.