Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

1. A Brief History of the Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndromes,
2. Embryology of the Thoracic Outlet
3. Evolutionary and developmental issues of cervical ribs/ Evolutionary issues of cervical ribs
4. Anatomy of the thoracic outlet and related structures
5. TOC: Clinical incidence and Scope of the Problem
6. Pathology and Pathophysiology of NTOS
7. NTOS for the Primary Care Team: When to Consider the Diagnosis?
8. Diagnosis Of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:2016 Consensus Guidelines And Other Strategies
9. Differential diagnosis in Patients with possible NTOS
10. Increasing objectivity in the diagnosis of NTOS: The East-meter
11. A closer look at QuickDASH and CBSQ: what do they tell us?
12. Scalene Test Blocks in patients with possible Neurogenic TOS
13. Electrophysiological Assessment and Nerve Function in NTOS
14. Pectoralis Minor Syndrome
15. Double Crush Syndrome
16. Unusual Nerve Entrapments and Neuropathic Syndromes of the Neck and Shoulder
17. Cross-sectional imaging in thoracic outlet syndrome
18. Ergonomic, Postural Issues, and Repetitive Stress Issues in NTOS
19. Psychiatric and psychologic issues in NTOS
20. Pathways Of Care And Treatment Options For Patients With Neurogenic Tos
21. Physical Therapy as Primary Treatment for Neurogenic TOS
22. Chiropractic and Nontraditional Treatment of NTOS
23. Anesthesia For Thoracic Outlet Decompression
24. Regional anesthesia for thoracic outlet decompression
25. Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for NTOS''
26. Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using The Supraclavicular Approach For Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
27. Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using Thoracoscopic Approach for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
28. Surgical Techniques: Pectoralis Minor Tenotomy for NTOS
29.Surgical Techniques: Dorsal Cervico-Thoracic Sympathectomy
30. Botulinim Toxin Injection and Advanced Interventional Techniques for NTOS and Cervical Brachial Syndrome
31. Ntos In The Competitive Athlete
32. Neurogenic TOS in Children
33. Recurrent and Residual Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
34. Controversies in NTOS: What testing is needed to establish the diagnosis?
35. Botulinum Toxin Injections for Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
36. What do the results of conservative therapy tell us about the need for surgery:Lack of Improvement means surgery is indicated
37. Point/Counterpoint: What does the result of conservative therapy tell us about the need for surgery? Improvement means surgery is indicated
38. Controversies in NTOS: Transaxillary or Supraclavicular First Rib Resection in NTOS? Arguments Pro and Con the Transaxillary approach In Favor of Transaxillary First Rib resection
39. Point/Counterpoint: Supraclavicular Decompression Is The Best Approach For Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
40. Does the first rib always need to be removed?
41. Controversies in NTOS: What is the evidence supporting brachial plexus neurolysis and wrapping
42. Neurogenic Tos: Early Postoperative Care
43. Perioperative Pain Management for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Surgery
44. Rehabilitation after First Rib Resection
45. Outcomes After Treatment of NTOS
46. Management of Nerve Dysfunction after First Rib Resection
47. Management of Coexisting Factors Complicating NTOS
48. Treatment for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - A UK Perspective
49. Neurogenic TOS in the United Kingdom: A Consultant Orthopaedic Physiotherapist's view
50. Diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome in The Netherlands.
51. Research Directions in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
52. Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
53. Diagnosis of VTOS: 2016 Consensus guidelines
54. Imaging in VTOS
55. VTOS for the PCP- When to Consider the Diagnosis
56. Hypercoagulable Conditions and VTOS
57. VTOS in the Competitive Athlete
58. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients
59. Differential Diagnosis, Decision-Making, and Pathways of Care: Acute Thrombosis and Non-thrombotic Positional compression.
60. Management Of Chronic Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
61. Conservative (Non-Operative) Treatment of VTOS
62. Thrombolysis and Balloon Venoplasty for Subclavian Vein Thrombosis
63. Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Transaxillary Approach for Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
64. Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using the Infraclavicular Approach for VTOS with Intraoperative Venography
65. Surgical Techniques: Operative Decompression Using The Paraclavicular Approach For Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
66. The Robotic Transthoracic Approach for Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
67. Medial Claviculectomy for VTOS
68. Advanced Surgical Techniques in Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
69. Point/Counterpoint: Is Thrombolysis Always Required in patients with effort thrombosis? b) NO - it is not always indicated
70. Management of Residual Stenosis after thrombolysis
71. First Rib Resection is always needed after thrombolysis
72. Controversies in VTOS: Is thrombolysis alone sufficient treatment for VTOS?: YES
73. Controversies in venous thoracic outlet syndrome: timing of first rib resection after thrombolysis
74. Controversies in VTOS: What Is the Best Approach for VTOS?
75. Controversies in VTOS: What Is the Best Approach to the First Rib in VTOS?
76. Point/Counterpoint: Paraclavicular Decompression Is The Best Approach For Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
77. Controversies in Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Is There a Role for Venous Stents?
78. Venous Tos: Early Postoperative Care
79. Controversies in VTOS: How Long Should Anticoagulation Be Used in VTOS?
80. VTOS: Management of the contralateral side and asymptomatic compression
81. Outcomes After Treatment of VTOS
82. Assessment and treatment of recurrent Venous thoracic outlet syndrome
83. Anatomy and Pathophysiology of ATOS
84. Clinical Presentation and Patient Evaluation in ATOS
85. ATOS Consensus Guidelines
86. The axillary artery and humeral head in ATOS
87. Quadrilateral Space Syndrome
88. Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome In The Competitive Athlete
89. Decision-Making and Pathways of Care for ATOS
90. Surgical Techniques: Endovascular Intervention for Arterial Thoracic outlet Syndrome
91. Axillosubclavian Artery Repair and Reconstruction
92. Upper Extremity Fasciotomy After Arterial Embolization
93. Quadrilateral Space Syndrome and Management of the Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
94. Management Of Digital Emboli, Vasospasm, And Ischemia
95. Outcomes After Treatment of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
96. Recurrent and residual ATOS
97. Medicolegal Issues in TOS
98. Disability and Workers' Compensation Issues in TOS
99. Special Considerations in the Elite High Profile Athlete
100. Combined and Secondary Forms of TOS
101. TOS: The Perspective of the Patient
102. Venous TOS: The Perspective of the Patient
103. TOS, the Internet and Social Media
104. Establishing a TOS-Focused Practice

This extensively revised edition is an essential reference for physicians involved in the diagnosis, referral and treatment of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). TOS is made up of a constellation of problems resulting from pathology at the thoracic outlet in the neck. Busy specialty practice sees multiple affected patients in every clinic, but TOS can often be difficult to diagnosis.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome explores all possible ancillary care issues surrounding this complex condition, including rehabilitation, disability, natural history and medicolegal issues, and aims to stimulate research, discussion and a sense of community between professionals involved in this area. Vascular and thoracic surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, psychiatrists and psychologists, physical therapists, occupational medicine specialists and pain specialists will find this book a must read for successful treatment, referral and diagnosis of TOS in clinical practice.

Dr. Illig relocated to the Dialysis Access Institute in Orangeburg, SC, the busiest multidisciplinary dialysis access center in the country, in 2018. Formerly Chief of Vascular Surgery at the University of Rochester and the University of South Florida, Dr. Illig has been practicing vascular surgery for 32 years. Involved in all aspects of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, his major interests in this area include venous outflow stenosis in patients with arteriovenous access, recurrent neurogenic TOS, and education on this topic as a whole; he is particularly proud of his contributions (along with Hugh Gelabert) to the TOS Centre of Excellence in Great Britain. He is past president of the Vascular and Endovascular Surgical Society, a former member of the American Board of Surgery/Vascular Surgery Board, and an Academic Fellow of the Society for Vascular Surgery.

Robert W. Thompson, MD is the Director of the Washington University Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, MO. Dr. Thompson is an experienced research investigator who has studied the basic science pathobiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms, translational research on vascular disease, and clinical outcomes research on thoracic outlet syndromes. His clinical program is focused on all forms of thoracic outlet syndrome and upper extremity neurovascular compression disorders. The surgical management of patients with TOS is an area for which he has acquired an unusually rich experience and for which his expertise is widely sought. In building a nationally recognized referral center for patients with TOS at Washington University, Dr. Thompson has worked to develop a highly knowledgeable staff and an effective multidisciplinary collaborative team, which includes experts in physical therapy and rehabilitation, anesthesia and pain management, diagnostic and interventional radiology, and other related specialties.

Julie A. Freischlag, MD is the Chief Executive Officer and Dean of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center that includes Wake Forest Baptist Health, a growing, multi-hospital health system and physician network, the state-of-the-art and highly competitive Wake Forest School of Medicine, and Wake Forest Innovations, its technology transfer, commercialization enterprise. As CEO and Dean, she has the overall responsibility for the Medical Center's clinical, academic and innovation enterprises and its annual operating budget of $3.5B. In addition to serving in various national and international leadership roles, she mentors students, residents and young faculty and is a frequent speaker on topics ranging from her expertise in vascular diseases including thoracic outlet syndrome, teamwork and patient safety, leadership and work-life balance to women succeeding in health professions. She continues to care for and operate upon those patients with thoracic outlet syndrome and teach vascular residents and fellows to do the same. Freischlag has dedicated her career to serving as a role model for her students, a respected colleague across health professions, a strong community leader and a national voice for improving health and health care.

Dean M. Donahue, MD, is the Director of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Program in the Division of Thoracic Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital. He also serves at the thoracic surgery consultant for the New England Patriots, the Boston Bruins and the Boston Red Sox, as well as numerous collegiate sports teams.

Dr. Sheldon Jordan has published original research in behavior modification of autistic and developmentally disabled children at the Kennedy Institute at Johns Hopkins Hospital and developed programs for schizophrenic and depressed patients at the Sheppard Pratt Institute. Dr. Jordan is recognized as a top neurologist by Best Doctors in America, Who's Who, Global Edition, and Super Doctors. His philosophy is to listen to patients tell their stories. He believes that each person must be treated as an individual. To him there is nothing more gratifying than getting someone better. He still thinks that there is a place for quality medicine and in his practice he seeks to provide the antidote to cookie cutter medicine. He was elected as Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology became Board certified by the American Board of Psychiatry & Neurology, Pain Medicine, American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology, American Board of Addiction Medicine, and American Board of Interventional Pain Medicine. He has taught on faculty at UCLA and USC as Clinical Associate Professor. Helped found the Stroke Service at UCLA and participated in some of the early work in surgical monitoring, brain mapping and evoked potential physiology. Private practice in Westwood and Santa Monica since 1981 with emphasis on interventional pain management, neuroimaging, clinical neurophysiology and sports neurology; Numerous publications have been based on the clinical experience and research in these areas. He research interests include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for treatment of depression, pain and a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. He is a member of the national consortium for developing guidelines for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and is co-editor and author of an upcoming textbook on Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Dr. Jordan was also a neurology consultant for US Soccer Men's and Women's National Teams, Major League Soccer, professional boxing and the NBA. Dr. Jordan is the CEO of Synaptec Network, Synaptec Research and Synaptec Holdings, three companies that are involved in translational research in advanced imaging and targeted delivery of regenerative therapies for treating nerve and brain injury and degenerative disorders.

Dr Ying-Wei Lum is an Associate Professor and Vascular Surgeon at Johns Hopkins. He has a broad clinical practice in all aspects of Vascular Surgery but has a clinical and research interest in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). He leads the TOS clinic at Johns Hopkins and his team helps coordinate a multi-disciplinary approach to patients with TOS.

Hugh Gelabert, M.D., is a Professor of Surgery at the David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine. He works in the UCLA Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and has over 30 years' experience working thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) patients. An educator and scholar, Dr. Gelabert has gained numerous awards in recognition of his teaching efforts. He has given over 90 invited presentations at regional, national and international forums and has published over 100 per reviewed papers. He is a member of the editorial board of Journal of Vascular Surgery, and Annals of Vascular surgery. He is a member of national, regional and local Vascular Surgery Societies and has held multiple offices in these. As the leading TOS referral center on the West coast, Dr Gelabert and his colleagues have pioneered minimally invasive and hybrid approaches to TOS. He has led the introduction of endovascular technology into the care of TOS patients. He is the lead surgeon at the UCLA Thoracic Outlet Syndrome program.