Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Evidence, Tricks, and Pitfalls

Foreword I.- Foreword II.- Introduction.- Part I Epidemiology.- Epidemiology.- Part II Classification and Assessment.- Classification of Head Injury.- Primary Clinical Assessment.- Part III Prehospital Management.- Prehospital Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) .- What the Neurosurgeon Wants to Know: What, Who, When, and Where?.- Transportation: Choice of Anaesthetic Drugs.- Part IV Admission, Diagnostics and Planning.- Trauma Team Alert.- The Trauma Team.- Trauma Protocol (ABCDE).- Multi-trauma Triage.- Cervical Spine Injury.- Radiological Evaluation of Head Traumas.- Radiological Evaluation of Cervical Spine Traumas.- Blood Samples.- Prognosis of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: To Treat or Not to Treat, That Is the Question.- Potential Organ Donor: Organ Preservation.- Part V Acute Surgical Treatment.- Basic Trauma Craniotomy.- Surgical Management of Traumatic Intracranial Haematomas.- Surgical Management of Penetrating Brain Injuries.- Decompressive Craniectomy.- Skull Fractures.- Vessel Injuries.- Insertion of Intracranial Monitoring Devices.- Maxillofacial Fractures.- Part VI Peroperative Anaesthesia.- Choice of Anaesthesia Drugs and Medications.- Blood Pressure, CO2 and Oxygen Saturation.- Intracranial Pressure Reduction.- Part VII Monitoring in Neurointensive Care.- Secondary Clinical Assessment.- A Neurological Wake-Up Test in the Neurointensive Care Unit: Pros and Cons.- Intracranial Pressure (ICP).- Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitoring.- Measurement of Brain Temperature.- Monitoring Microdialysis.- Jugular Bulb Measurements (SJVO2).- Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) and Cerebral Metabolic Rate (CMR).- Transcranial Doppler (TCD).- Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) or Cerebral Oximetry.- Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials.- Clinical Neurophysiology: Continous EEG Monitoring.- Radiological Follow-Up.- Neuromarkers.- Cardiovascular Monitoring.- Pulmonary Monitoring.- Renal Monitoring.- Neuroendocrine Monitoring.- Microbiological Surveillance.- Part VIII Treatment in Neurointensive Care.- Guidelines for Treatment of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Treatment Algorithms.- The Lund Therapy for Severe Head Trauma.- Comparative Analysis of Various Guidelines for Treatment of Severe TBI.- Pharmacological Neuroprotection in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.- Subacute Surgery in Neurointensive Care.- CSF Drainage.- Hyperventilation.- Osmotherapy.- Barbiturates for ICP Management.- Fluid Haemodynamics in Patients with Severe TBI.- Sedation: Including Pain Treatment and Withdrawal Symptoms.- Nutrition.- Management of External Drain-Related CNS Infection.- Management of Other Infections.- Body Temperature in TBI Patients.- Neuroendocrine Treatment.- Mechanical Ventilation in NICU.- Seizures.- Autonomic Dysfunction.- Prophylaxis Against Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.- Brain Injury and the Haemostatic System.- Steroids.- Part IX Early Rehabilitation.- Neurorehabilitation in Neurointensive Care.- Part X Outcome After Severe TBI.- Outcome After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).- Subacute MR Imaging: Diffuse Axonal Injury, Brain Stem Lesions and Prognostic Factors.- Part XI Research in the Neurointensive Care Unit.- The Neurointensive Care Unit as a Platform for Advanced Clinical Research.- Index.

This comprehensively updated second edition features major revisions, 24 new chapters and more than 40 new authors, reflecting both the advances and key challenges within the field. Offering a systematic guide to the management of children and adults with severe traumatic brain injury throughout the entire chain of care, it includes evidence-based recommendations for each diagnostic and therapeutic measure, together with tips, tricks and pitfalls. The authors are all highly experienced clinicians and researchers who work with neurotrauma patients on a daily basis, and the editors represent the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee.

The book helps professionals provide more systematic and higher-quality care in prehospital settings, primary hospitals, neurosurgical departments, neurointensive care units, and rehabilitation facilities. It is intended for all healthcare personnel involved in the multidisciplinary management of patients with head injuries, especially those in emergency care, neurosurgery, anesthesiology, radiology, and rehabilitation.

Terje Sundstrom, MD, PhD, is a senior consultant neurosurgeon at Haukeland University Hospital and an associate professor at the University of Bergen in Norway. He was editor-in-chief of the first edition of Management of severe traumatic brain injury (2012). He also has a strong interest in translational and clinical research on benign and malignant brain tumors.

Per-Olof Grande, MD, PhD, is senior professor in anaesthesia and intensive care at Lund University Hospital in Sweden. His research is concentrated on basal circulatory physiology with special application to neurointensive care and the traumatized brain.

Teemu Luoto, MD, PhD, is a neurosurgeon at the Tampere University Hospital and an adjunct professor in neurotraumatology at the University of Tampere in Finland. His clinically oriented research is focused on traumatic brain injury, especially mild traumatic brain injury and sport-related concussion, and traumatic spinal cord injury.

Christina Rosenlund, MD, MHO, is a senior consultant neurosurgeon at Odense University Hospital in Denmark and affiliated with the Danish Center for Organdonation. Her clinically oriented research is focused on traumatic brain injury, neurointensive care, rehabilitation and organdonation.

Johan Unden, MD, PhD, DESA, EDIC, is a senior consultant at the intensive care unit at Hallands Hospital and an associate professor in anesthesia and intensive care at Lund University Hospital in Sweden. His research is concentrated in the area of neurotrauma, in particular mild traumatic brain injury, and also in neuroprotection and clinical coagulation.

Knut Gustav Wester, MD, PhD is a professor emeritus from the University of Bergen and was previously head of the neurosurgical department at Haukeland University Hospital in Norway. He is a founding member of the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee and president of the committee since 2013. His clinically oriented research has included several aspects of traumatic brain injury.