The Charcot Foot in Diabetes. Biomechanics, Pathophysiology, and MRI-Findings

Introduction (usefulness of the book).- Biomechanics of the normal foot. Description of the three compartments of the Foot. Description of the plantar Arcs of the foot.- Biomechanical derangements of the Diabetic Foot.- Pathophysiology of diabetes and Diabetic Osteoarthropaty.- Epidemiology and financial impact (worldwide cost).- The diabetic Foot: definition, historic and characteristics, meta-analysis.- The Hypothesis (I and II) on the genesis of the deformity of the foot.- Non-Infected Bones lesions (ischemia, necrosis, osteochondritis, occult fractures, avulsion fractures, destruction, dislocation etc..).- Diabetic foot and differentiation from the inflammatory arthropathic (RA, gout, psoriasis).- The Infected Diabetic Foot I: osteomyelitis (acute, chronic).- Pathologies of the skin: induration, wounds (defects), and sinus tract.- Pathologies of the subcutaneous fat tissues and Kager's fat pad (cellulitis, infarction and necrosis).- The subcutaneous callus of the diabetic foot: histology, locations and imaging.- Pathologies of the plantar fascia: fasciitis, fascial fibrosis, fascial tear.- Pathologies of the muscles: myositis, infarction and denervation.- Pathologies of the Achilles tendon: tear, tendinosis. Paratenon and paratenonitis.- Pathologies of the tendons of the foot: tear, tendinosis, and tenosynovitis.- Pathologies of the Synovium. Synovial proliferation and pathophysiology.- The bursae of the foot (retro calcaneal, tibiotalar bursa, and Achilles bursa): anatomy and bursitis.- Pathologies of the ligaments of the foot and ankle: sprain or tear (Grade I, Grade II moderate, and Grade III severe).- The tarsal tunnel and the sinus tarsi: anatomy and usual findings.- The vascular system of the foot and blood supply. Anatomy and pathologies of the vascular system (the Monckeberg sign).- The classification of the Diabetic Foot (old one). Proposal of a new classification. Its rationale based on Biomechanics and the three columns of the foot.- The operated Diabetic Foot: complications and imaging.- Imaging Modalities and their role: X-Rays (technique and indications).- Ultrasound (technique and indications).- Computed Tomography ((technique and indications).- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (technique and indications).- Agiography (techniques and indications).- Scintigraphy (technique and indications).- Future Imaging Developments (PET CT/ MR angiography / MR Diffusion / MR Perfusion /...Ultrasound with contrast.

This book provides a comprehensive update on clinical, radiological, physiological, and biomechanical aspects of the diabetic foot. After description of the biomechanics of the normal foot and the biomechanical derangements of the diabetic foot, pathophysiological aspects are addressed. The various diabetic foot pathologies are then considered in a series of individual chapters, where the focus is especially on the role of MRI in lesion characterization and differential diagnosis from inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and gout. Indications and contraindications for contrast-enhanced MR examinations are clearly set out, and emerging MR techniques are considered. In addition, the technique and indications for radiography and other imaging modalities are explained. Discussion of epidemiology, morbidity, disability, and financial impacts completes the coverage. The book will be of high value for a wide variety of health specialists, including radiologists, radiology residents, orthopaedic foot surgeons, family physicians, podiatrists, and physical therapists.

Claude Pierre-Jerome, MD PhD. Associate Professor of Radiology and specialist in musculoskeletal diseases. He is affiliated with Akershus University Hospital, Oslo (Norway) and Emory University in Atlanta, GA (USA). Dr. Pierre-Jerome is an active member of several radiological associations and reviewer for radiological journals in Europe and USA. He is a researcher with special interest in diabetes and the diabetic foot. Dr. Pierre-Jerome is the author of many scientific articles in international radiological journals, co-author of five books in radiology and author of two novels.

Johnny Monu, MD is a professor of Imaging Sciences and Orthopedics in the University of Rochester. Over the past 20 years he has been the Division Director and Head of Musculoskeletal Imaging at the University of Rochester Medical Center Systems in Rochester, Rochester, New York. Dr. Monu has authored or co-authored over a dozen book chapters, 90 journal articles, over 200 scientific presentations and over 60 invited lectures. He is a member of the editorial board of 3 radiology journals and active in over a half a dozen professional societies /associations. Norman W Kettner, DACBR, FICC

Norman W. Kettner, DC, DACBR, FICC, is Professor and Chair of the Department of Radiology at Logan University in Chesterfield, Missouri. He obtained radiology residency training at the Logan Health Centers and in 1984 became a Diplomate of the American Chiropractic Board of Radiology. Dr. Kettner was elected President of the American Chiropractic College of Radiology in 1991. In 1992, he was elected Fellow of the International College of Chiropractic. He is the author of numerous publications including the journals Human Brain Mapping, NeuroImage, Pain, and Brain. He has served as reviewer for the NIH/NCCAM and for numerous diagnostic imaging, neuroscience and pain research journals. In 2005, he was named Academician of the Year and in 2008, Researcher of the Year by the American Chiropractic Association.

Patrick Battaglia, DC, DACBR is a clinician and assistant professor at Logan University, in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. He is also an ad hoc reviewer for European Radiology and Skeletal Radiology. Included in his research interests is multimodal imaging of acquired flatfoot deformity, and application of ultrasound at the point of care for musculoskeletal conditions.

Jonn Terje Geitung, MD PhD
Professor of radiology, University of Oslo and senior consultant at Akershus university hospital, Oslo.
Earlier chairman Haraldspass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, head of abdominal radiology, Ulleval university hospital Oslo, Norway, and staff radiologist (interventional radiology) East hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Residency Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Medical Doctor from University of Bergen.
PhD from Gothenburg University.
Master of Health Administration from University of Oslo.
Board certified radiologist in Norway and Sweden.
Published 100+ articles and has presented 150+ abstracts. Written 3 book-chapters. Invited speaker at several international congresses and foreign universities. Main interests are clinical and experimental MRI, and health services research.

Usama M H Al Bastaki MD, got his bachelor in Medicine and Surgery from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) in 2001. He got Swedish board in Diagnostic Radiology as he was trained in Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 2009. He is currently Consultant Radiologist, Acting Director of Diagnostic Imaging in Dubai Health Authority and Head of the Radiology Department in the Rashid Hospital in Dubai. He is the chairman of the radiology residency program in Dubai and president of the Radiology society of the Emirates (RSE) between 2018 and 2021.