Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy. Classic Concepts and a State-of-the-Art Guide

Part I Classic Concepts

Chapter 1. Historical Aspects of Hydrocephalus and its Treatments

1.1 Development of the Concept of Hydrocephalus

1.1.1 Anatomical and Physiological Bases

1.1.2 Attempts of Treatment

1.2 Treatment of Hydrocephalus Based on the Third Ventricle

1.2.1 Third-Fourth Interventriculostomy

1.2.2 Third Ventriculostomy through Craniotomy

1.2.3 Stereotactic Third Ventriculostomy

1.2.4 Percutaneous Third Ventriculostomy

1.3 Development of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)

1.3.1 Pioneers of Neuroendoscopy

1.3.2 Mixter: Summary Biography and the First ETV

1.3.3 Later Years

Chapter 2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Ventricular System

2.1 Anatomy

2.1.1 Historical Milestones of the Ventricular Anatomy

2.1.2 Basic Ventricular Anatomy

2.2 Physiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Circulation

Part II State-of-the-Art

Chapter 3: Endoscopic Ventricular Anatomy

3.1 General Aspects

3.2 Lateral Ventricles

3.3 Third Ventricle

3.3.1 Anterior Segment

3.3.2 Middle Segment

3.3.3 Posterior Segment

Chapter 4: Basic Principles of Endoscopic Neurosurgery

4.1 General Concepts

4.2 Basic Techniques

Chapter 5: General Principles of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)

5.1 General Aspects

5.2 ETV Success Score

5.3 Role of Patient's Age and Etiology of Hydrocephalus

5.4 ETV and Choroid Plexus Coagulation

Chapter 6: Surgical Technique of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)

6.1 Opening Tuber Cinereum

6.2 Membrane of Liliequist (ML)

Chapter 7: Alternative Technique: Endoscopic Transseptumpellucidumrostrostomy (ETSPR)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Methodology

7.2.1 Anatomical Landmarks of Frontal Horn and Longitudinal Fissure

7.2.2 Endoscopic Fenestration from Lateral Ventricle

7.2.3 Statistical Analysis

7.3 Results

7.3.1 Measurements of Anatomical Landmarks of Frontal Horn and Longitudinal Fissure

7.3.2 Endoscopic Fenestration from Lateral Ventricle

7.4 Discussion

7.4.1 Floor of Frontal Horn and Hypothalamic-Septal Triangle

7.4.2 Functional Considerations of Septal Area

7.4.3 Technical Feasibility of Endoscopic Fenestration

7.5 Conclusions

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the most widely performed neuroendoscopic procedure around the world. Several scientific papers appear in the scientific literature every month, with an increasing number, given the great interest neuroendoscopy has aroused as well as controversies about certain aspects of endoscopic third ventriculostomy. With this reasoning, the goal of this book is to be a reference in the revision of classic concepts and scientifically proven aspects about the indications and techniques of endoscopic third ventriculostomy, as well as new neuroendoscopic tendencies.

The book is structured in 2 parts and into 7 chapters. Part I - Classic Concepts - comprises the first 2 chapters, covering general aspects of neuroendoscopy such as historical notes, endoscopic anatomy and ventricular system physiology. Part II - State-of-the-Art - comprises chapters 3 to 7. From chapters 3 to 6 the book will discuss general principles of endoscopic ventricular technique and the applications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in different age groups, and its association to choroid plexus coagulation. Chapter 7 deals with alternative ways of communicating the ventricular system with the cisterns of the subarachnoid space. All chapters are richly illustrated with high resolution images; there are links to online access to demonstrative surgical videos.

Designed for neurosurgeons at every level, the book will be unique in the market, as there is no similar book in the current scientific literature that specifically discusses endoscopic third ventriculostomy in its broadest sense.