Instructional Course Lectures Volume 72

Acknowledgments 
Contributors 
Preface 
Video Abstracts 
SECTION 1: Practice Matters
1 Orthopaedics in the Real World: The
Business and Legal Aspects of Employment
in 2022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Michael P. Ast, MD, FAAOS, Sanjeev Bhatia, MD, FAAOS,
Cynthia L. Emory, MD, MBA, FAAOS
2 When the Physician Becomes the Patient:
Considerations for Work, Life, and
Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Miho J. Tanaka, MD, FAOA, Milton L. Routt, Jr, MD,
Mary Lloyd Ireland, MD, FAAOS,
Christopher M. Bono, MD, FAAOS
3 Building Blocks of Wellness: Where Do We
Start When Our Tasks Have No End? . . . . . . . 17
Ghassan Farah, MD, Elan Volchenko, MD,
Jennifer M. Weiss, MD, FAAOS, Jeffrey M. Smith, MD,
FAAOS, FACS, Salma Mumuni, MD, Mark H. Gonzalez,
MD, PhD, FAAOS, Alfonso Mejia, MD, MPH, FAAOS
4 Leadership in Orthopaedic Surgery:
Creating a Highly Effective Leader . . . . . . . . . . 29
Karen Sutton, MD, FAAOS, Julia Retzky, MD,
Asheesh Bedi, MD, FAAOS, CAPT Matthew T. Provencher,
MD, MBA, MC, FAAOS, USNR (Ret.), Mary K. Mulcahey,
MD, FAAOS, FAOA
Symposium
5 Leading an Organization in the 21st Century:
The Importance of Environmental
Sustainability, Social Responsibility,
and Good Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Kristy Weber, MD, FAAOS, M. Bradford Henley, MD,
MBA, FAAOS, FACS, James Balaschak, MBA,
Stuart L. Weinstein, MD, FAAOS
Symposium
6 Integrating Mental and Social Health in
Orthopaedic Practice: The Time Is Now . . . . . 47
Prakash Jayakumar, MD, PhD, Gloria Zhang, BS,
Marc Swiontkowski, MD, Julie E. Adams, MD, MS, FAAOS,
Richard Charles Mather III, MD, MBA, David Ring, MD, PhD,
FAAOS, Seth Leopold, MD, FAAOS
7 The Aging Surgeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
R. Dale Blasier, MD, FRCS(C), FAAOS, MBA,
Ralph B. Blasier, MD, JD
Symposium
8 Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedics:
The Problem, Strategies, and Solutions . . . . . 79
Rivka Ihejirika- Lomedico, MD, Jaysson Brooks, MD,
Toni M. McLaurin, MD, MS, FAAOS, Kenneth A. Egol,
MD, FAAOS, MaCalus V. Hogan, MD, MBA, FAAOS, Dawn
LaPorte, MD, FAAOS, Christian Pean, MD, Kola Jegede, MD,
Alysia K. Kemp, MD, Erica Taylor, MD, MBA, FAAOS,
Joseph D. Zuckerman, MD, FAAOS, George Dyer, MD, FAAOS
9 Innovation for Orthopaedic Surgeons . . . . . . 89
Morteza Meftah, MD, Joseph C. McGinley, MD, PhD,
Douglas Dew, MD, MBA, FAAOS, Michael Havig,
MD, FAAOS, Arthur Kreitenberg, MD, FACS, FAAOS,
Ashvin Dewan, MD, Vinod Dasa, MD, FAAOS
SECTION 2: General Orthopaedics
Symposium
10 Practical Artificial Intelligence: Realistic Ways
It Can Help Orthopaedic Surgeons and the
Challenges It Will Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Romil Shah, MD, Prakash Jayakumar, MD, PhD,
Zoe Trutner, BA, Stefano Bini, MD, FAAOS
11 Optimizing Outcomes By Optimizing
Bone Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Julie E. Adams, MD, MS, FAAOS, Lori Fitton, PhD, APRN, CNP,
Antonia F. Chen, MD, MBA, FAAOS,
Lisa K. Cannada, MD, FAOA, FAAOSContents
12 Soft- Tissue Masses: A Visual Guide to the
Good, the Bad, and the Ugly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Ginger E. Holt, MD, FAAOS, Robert J. Wilson, MD, FAAOS,
Nathan W. Mesko, MD, FAAOS, Cara A. Cipriano, MD,
MSc, FAAOS
13 Ultrasonography for the Busy Orthopaedic
Surgeon: The Upper Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Abdul Kareem Zalikha, MD, Mouhanad M. El- Othmani,
MD, Zachary Crespi, BS, MD, Kassem- Ali J. Abbas, MSc, BS,
Georges Haidamous, MD, Zaid Altawil, MD,
J. Antonio Bouffard, MD, Henry T. Goitz, MD, FAAOS
14 Ultrasonography for the Busy
Orthopaedic Surgeon: The Lower
Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Mouhanad M. El- Othmani, MD, Abdul Kareem
Zalikha, MD, Zachary Crespi, BS, MD, Kassem- Ali J.
Abbas, MSc, BS, Georges Haidamous, MD,
Zaid Altawil, MD, Henry T. Goitz, MD, FAAOS,
J. Antonio Bouffard, MD
SECTION 3: Shoulder and Elbow
15 Diagnosis and Management of Early
Complications After Reverse Shoulder
Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Ryan M. Cox, MD, Jay D. Keener, MD, FAAOS,
Reza Omid, MD, FAAOS, Robert Z. Tashjian, MD, FAAOS,
Surena Namdari, MD, MSc, FAAOS
Symposium
16 My Reverse Has Failed: Top Five
Complications and How to Manage Them . . . 175
William N. Levine, MD, FAAOS, Oke Anakwenze, MD,
MBA, FAAOS, Mark A. Frankle, MD, FAAOS,
Jay D. Keener, MD, FAAOS, Joaquin Sanchez- Sotelo, MD,
PhD, FAAOS, Robert Z. Tashjian, MD, FAAOS
17 Shoulder Arthroplasty Management in the
Young Patient With Posterior Glenoid
Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Suleiman Y. Sudah, MD, Mariano E. Menendez, MD,
Grant E. Garrigues, MD, FAAOS
18 Proximal Humerus Fractures: Leave
It Alone, Fix It, Replace It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Soheil Sabzevari, MD, H. Mike Kim, MD, Conor Smith,
MD, Michael D. McKee, MD, FAAOS, FRCS(C),
Rafael Serrano-Riera, MD, Daniel Porteny, MD,
Lewis Shi, MD, FAAOS, Albert Lin, MD, FAAOS
19 Emerging Treatment Options for Massive
Rotator Cuff Tears: Biologic Tuberoplasty,
Balloon Arthroplasty, Anterior Cable
Reconstruction, Lower Trapezius Transfer . . . 223
Raffy Mirzayan, MD, FAAOS, Joseph A. Abboud, MD, FAAOS,
Paul M. Sethi, MD, FAAOS, Adam Z. Khan, MD,
Ryan Lohre, MD, Michael Talamo, BS,
Julio Ojea Quintana, BA, MS, Bassem Elhassan, MD, FAAOS
SECTION 4: Adult Reconstruction
20 Caliper- Verified Kinematically Aligned
Total Knee Arthroplasty: Rationale, Targets,
Accuracy, Balancing, Implant Survival, and
Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Stephen M. Howell, MD, FAAOS, Maury L. Hull, PhD,
Alexander J. Nedopil, MD, PhD, Charles Rivière, MD, PhD
21 Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty Made
Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Kevin D. Plancher, MD, MPH, FAAOS,
Keith R. Berend, MD, FAAOS, David F. Dalury, MD, FAAOS,
Adolph V. Lombardi, Jr, MD, FAAOS
22 A Systematic Approach to Revision Total
Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Avi Vinayak Dravid, MSc, BA, Jonathan Tran, MD,
Michael P. Ast, MD, FAAOS, Brett R. Levine, MD, MS, FAAOS,
Giles R. Scuderi, MD, FAAOS, Neil P. Sheth, MD, FAAOS, FACS
Symposium
23 Hot Topics and Current Controversies in
Total Knee Arthroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
William J. Maloney, MD, FAAOS, Robert L. Barrack, MD,
FAAOS, Keith R. Berend, MD, FAAOS, Daniel J. Berry, MD,
FAAOS, Craig J. Della Valle, MD, FAAOS, Antonia F.
Chen, MD, MBA, FAAOS, David F. Dalury, MD, FAAOS,
Fares S. Haddad, MD, FRCS, Jay R. Lieberman, MD,
FAAOS, David J. Mayman, MD, FAAOS, Charles L. Nelson,
MD, FAAOS, Mark W. Pagnano, MD, FAAOS
24 Dual- Mobility Articulations in Total Hip
Arthroplasty: A Durable Game Changer
or the Next Cause for Concern? . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Sebastien Lustig, MD, PhD, Atul F. Kamath, MD, MBA,
FAAOS, P. Maxwell Courtney, MD, FAAOS,
Gwo- Chin Lee, MD, FAAOS
25 Rotational Instability and Complications
Following Extracapsular Hip Fracture
Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Matthew L. Klima, DO, FACS, FAAOS, FAOAOContents
SECTION 5: Trauma
26 Compartment Syndrome: The Issues and
Solutions You Need to Know About . . . . . . . 343
Abdel- Rahman Lawendy, MD, PhD, FRCS(C),
Jaclyn Kapilow, MD, Nathaniel E. Schaffer, MD, PhD,
William T. Obremskey, MD, MPH, FAAOS,
Midhat Patel, MD, Geoffrey W. Schemitsch, MD,
Michael D. McKee, MD, FAAOS, FRCS(C),
Emil H. Schemitsch, MD, FAAOS, FRCS(C)
27 Femoral Neck Fractures in Young and
Middle- Aged Adults: Pearls and Pitfalls . . . . 357
John Gorczyca, MD, FAAOS,
Utku Kandemir, MD, FAAOS, FACS
28 Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: Pearls and
Pitfalls in Managing Difficult Fractures . . . . . 375
Kisan Parikh, MD, Utku Kandemir, MD, FAAOS, FACS,
Animesh Agarwal, MD, FAAOS
29 Subtrochanteric Femur Fractures:
Pearls and Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Abhishek Ganta, MD, Utku Kandemir, MD, FAAOS, FACS,
Sanjit R. Konda, MD, FAAOS
30 Difficult Diaphyseal Femur Fractures:
Pearls and Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Utku Kandemir, MD, FAAOS, FACS, Abhinav Janghala, MD
SECTION 6: Sports Medicine
31 Incorporating Biologics Into Your Sports
Medicine Practice: Who, What, When,
Why, and How? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Hannah Bradsell, BS, Brian R. Waterman, MD, FAAOS,
Drew Lansdown, MD, FAAOS, Mario Hevesi, MD, PhD,
Kristofer Jones, MD, FAAOS, Rachel M. Frank, MD, FAAOS
32 Treatment Following a First- Time Shoulder
Dislocation: What Should I Do? . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Ehab M. Nazzal, MD, Steven L. Bokshan, MD,
Joseph C. Brinkman, MD, Edward Bowen, BA,
Jonathan F. Dickens, MD, FAAOS, John M. Tokish, MD,
FAAOS, Asheesh Bedi, MD, FAAOS, Albert Lin, MD, FAAOS
33 What to Do When It Is Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Reconstruction Number Two . . . . 461
Ian D. Engler, MD, Emre Anil Özbek, MD,
Mikalyn T. DeFoor, MD, Andrew J. Sheean, MD, FAAOS,
Asheesh Bedi, MD, FAAOS, Volker Musahl, MD, FAAOS,
Bryson P. Lesniak, MD, FAAOS
34 Scope of the Problem: Ankle Arthroscopy . . . 477
Gregory E. Lausé, MD, MS, Jeremy T. Smith, MD, FAAOS,
Eric M. Bluman, MD, PhD, FAAOS, Elizabeth A. Martin, MD,
MSc, FAAOS, Eric Giza, MD, FAAOS,
Christopher P. Chiodo, MD, FAAOS
35 Scope of the Problem: Tendoscopy and Small
Joint Arthroscopy of the Foot and Ankle . . . . 491
Lorraine A.T. Boakye, MD, Elizabeth A. Martin, MD, MSc,
FAAOS, Christopher P. Chiodo, MD, FAAOS,
Eric Giza, MD, FAAOS, Eric M. Bluman, MD, PhD, FAAOS,
Jeremy T. Smith, MD, FAAOS
SECTION 7: Foot and Ankle
36 Midfoot Trauma: Let’s Get It Right the
First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Michael P. Clare, MD, FAAOS, Geoffrey I. Phillips, MD,
FAAOS, Robert B. Anderson, MD, FAAOS,
Andrew K. Sands, MD, FAAOS
37 Fractures of the Talus and Pantalar
Dislocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Erika Roddy, MD, Erik Magnuson, MD,
Reza Firoozabadi, MD, FAAOS, Utku Kandemir, MD,
FAAOS, FACS
38 Displaced Intra- articular Calcaneus
Fractures: Extensile Lateral and Less
Invasive Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Brian M. Weatherford, MD, FAAOS,
Jacob Matz, MD, MSc, FRCS(C),
Utku Kandemir, MD, FAAOS, FACS
39 Surgical Treatment of the Flexible, Progressive
Collapsing Foot: Deformities, Definitions,
and Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Bonnie Y. Chien, MD, J. Turner Vosseller, MD, FAOA, FAAOS,
Alastair Younger, MD, FAAOS, Justin Greisberg, MD, FAAOS
SECTION 8: Hand and Wrist
40 Dupuytren Disease: Surgical Tips,
Optimizing Outcomes, and Cost
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Eric R. Wagner, MD, MS, FAAOS, Michael B. Gottschalk, MD,
FAAOS, Anthony L. Karzon, MD, Alexander R. Graf, MD,
Maureen A. O’Shaughnessy, MD, FAAOS, Nina Suh, MD,
MSc, FAAOSContents
41 Do You Really Need a Hand Surgeon?
Distal Radius Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Bhavik H. Patel, MD, Dmitriy Peresada, MD,
Alfonso Mejia, MD, MPH, FAAOS
42 Nerve Compression Syndromes of the
Upper Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Bhavik H. Patel, MD, Krishna C. Ravella, MD,
Mark H. Gonzalez, MD, PhD, FAAOS
43 Do You Really Need a Hand Surgeon?
Common Tendinopathies of the Upper
Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Gautam Malhotra, MD, FAAOS
44 Do You Really Need a Hand Surgeon?
Hand Masses and Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Steven Grindel, MD, FAAOS, Brendon Bauer, MD,
Saurabh Mehta, MD, Shaomin Shi, MD, PhD
45 Nerve Conditions of the Upper Limb:
How Not to Miss or Mismanage . . . . . . . . . . . 627
Julie E. Adams, MD, MS, FAAOS, John Fowler, MD, FAAOS,
Meredith Osterman, MD, FAAOS, Scott Steinmann,
MD, FAAOS
SECTION 9: Pediatrics
46 Common Pediatric Fractures for
Community Orthopaedic Specialists:
Fix Them or Ship Them? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
Rasesh R. Desai, MD, MBBS, Viral V. Jain, MD, MS, MBBS,
FAAOS, Rajul Gupta, MS, MBBS, Eric W. Edmonds, MD,
FAOA, Shital N. Parikh, MD, FAAOS
47 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip From
Birth to Adolescence: Clear Indications
and New Controversies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Stuart L. Weinstein, MD, FAAOS, Pablo G. Castañeda, MD,
Wudbhav N. Sankar, MD, FAAOS, Hilary T. Campbell, MD,
Raghav Badrinath, MD
SECTION 10: Spine
48 Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Advertisement
or Game Changer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Philip Zakko, MD, Matthew Lipphardt, MD,
Daniel K. Park, MD, FAAOS
49 Biologics in Spine Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Elizabeth L. Lord, MD, Kyle Petersen, MD,
Michelle Zabat, BA, Philipp Leucht, MD, FAAOS,
Addisu Mesfin, MD, FAAOS, Charla Fischer, MD, FAAOS
Index 703

Developed in partnership with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and edited by Brian J. Galinat, MD, MBA, FAAOS (editor) and Ronald A. Navarro, MD, FAAOS (assistant editor),Instructional Course Lectures, Volume 72 offers current, clinically relevant information across a broad spectrum of orthopaedic topics. These lectures were written by the orthopaedic surgeons who presented at the 2022 AAOS Annual Meeting. This all-new volume covers topics such as increasing diversity in orthopaedics, controversies in total knee replacement, biologics and sports medicine, endoscopic spine surgery, and more.

• Based on selected Instructional Course Lectures presented at the AAOS Annual Meeting 2022 in Chicago, Illinois
• Offers hands-on, experience-based solutions, as well as guidance you can apply immediately in daily practice from the most respected surgeons and subspecialty experts in the field
• Helps you lead innovation and raise the standard of care in your operating room with new techniques and proven, practical approaches
• Features abundant illustrations with radiographs, drawings, and intraoperative photographs and surgical technique videos for select chapters
• Sections include:
  • Practice Matters
  • General Orthopaedics
  • Shoulder and Elbow
  • Adult Reconstruction
  • Trauma
  • Sports Medicine
  • Foot and Ankle
  • Hand and Wrist
  • Pediatrics
  • Spine

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