BRS Neuroanatomy (Board Review Series)

Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1 GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN
Objectives
I. Introduction
II. Overview
III. Divisions of the Brain
IV. Atlas of the Brain and Brainstem
Review Test
2 MENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Objectives
I. Meninges
II. Ventricles
III. Cerebrospinal Fluid
IV. Hydrocephalus
V. Meningitis
VI. Herniation
VII. Circumventricular Organs
Review Test
3 BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Arteries of the Spinal Cord
II. Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord
III. Arteries of the Brain
IV. Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)
V. Meningeal Arteries
VI. Veins of the Brain
VII. Venous Dural Sinuses
VIII. Angiography
IX. Intracranial Hemorrhage
Review Test
4 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Development of the Neural Tube
III. Neural Crest
IV. Placodes
V. Stages of Neural Tube Development
VI. Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis)
VII. Medulla Oblongata (Myelencephalon)
VIII. Metencephalon
IX. Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
X. Development of the Diencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis
XI. Development of the Telencephalon
XII. Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System
Review Test
5 NEUROHISTOLOGY
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Neurons
III. Neuroglia
IV. Nerve Cell Degeneration and Regeneration
V. Axonal Transport
VI. Capillaries of the Central Nervous System
VII. Sensory Receptors
Review Test
6 SPINAL CORD
Objectives
I. Introduction
II. External Morphology
III. Internal Morphology
IV. Myotatic Reflex
Review Test
7 TRACTS OF THE SPINAL CORD
Objectives
I. Ascending Tracts
II. Descending Tracts
III. Integrative Pathways
IV. Clinical Considerations
Review Test
8 LESIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD
Objectives
I. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
II. Upper Motor Neuron Lesions
III. Sensory Pathway Lesions
IV. Peripheral Nervous System Lesions
V. Combined Upper Motor Neuron and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions
VI. Combined Motor and Sensory Lesions
VII. Intervertebral Disk Herniation
Review Test
9 BRAINSTEM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Medulla Oblongata (Myelencephalon)
III. Pons
IV. Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
V. Corticobulbar (Corticonuclear) Fibers
Review Test
10 CRANIAL NERVES
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Nervus Terminalis (CN 0)
III. Olfactory Nerve (CN I)
IV. Optic Nerve (CN II)
V. Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
VI. Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
VII. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
VIII. Abducens Nerve (CN VI)
IX. Facial Nerve (CN VII)
X. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
XI. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
XII. Vagal Nerve (CN X)
XIII. Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
XIV. Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
XV. Cranial Nerve Testing
Review Test
11 TRIGEMINAL SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
II. Ascending Trigeminothalamic Tracts
III. Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei
IV. Trigeminocerebellar Fibers
V. Trigeminal Reflexes
VI. Clinical Considerations
Review Test
12 LESIONS OF THE BRAINSTEM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Vascular Lesions of the Medulla
III. Vascular Lesions of the Pons
IV. Lesions of the Midbrain
V. Decerebrate and Decorticate Rigidity
VI. Acoustic Neuroma (Schwannoma)
VII. Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
VIII. Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Review Test
13 DIENCEPHALON: THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS
Objectives
I. Overview: The Thalamus
II. Boundaries of the Thalamus
III. Primary Thalamic Nuclei and their Major Connections
IV. Blood Supply of the Thalamus
V. Internal Capsule
VI. Blood Supply of the Internal Capsule
VII. Clinical Considerations
VIII. Overview: The Hypothalamus
IX. Surface Anatomy of the Hypothalamus
X. Hypothalamic Regions and Nuclei
XI. Major Hypothalamic Connections
XII. Major Fiber Systems
XIII. Functional Considerations
XIV. Clinical Considerations
Review Test
14 AUDITORY SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Outer, Middle, and Inner Ear
III. Auditory Pathway
IV. Efferent Cochlear (Olivocochlear) Bundle
V. Hearing Defects
VI. Tuning Fork Tests
VII. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response
Review Test
15 VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Labyrinth
III. Vestibular Pathways
IV. Efferent Vestibular Connections
V. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
VI. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes
VII. Clinical Considerations
Review Test
16 VISUAL SYSTEM
Objectives
I. The Retina
II. Visual Pathway
III. Pupillary Light Reflexes and Pathway
IV. Pupillary Dilation Pathway
V. Convergence-Accommodation Reflex
VI. Centers for Ocular Motility
VII. Clinical Considerations
Review Test
17 OLFACTORY, GUSTATORY, AND LIMBIC SYSTEMS
Objectives
I. Olfactory System
II. Gustatory System
III. Limbic System
Review Test
18 BASAL NUCLEI AND THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL MOTOR SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Basal Nuclei
II. Extrapyramidal Motor System
Review Test
19 CEREBELLUM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Major Divisions of the Cerebellum
III. Cerebellar Cortex
IV. Major Cerebellar Pathways
V. Cerebellar Dysfunction
VI. Cerebellar Lesions
Review Test
20 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
III. Visceral Afferent Fibers and Pain
IV. Autonomic Innervation of Selected Organs
V. Clinical Considerations
Review Test
21 NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND PATHWAYS
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Dopamine
III. Acetylcholine
IV. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
V. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)
VI. Opioid Peptides
VII. Nonopioid Neuropeptides
VIII. Amino Acids
IX. Nitric Oxide
X. Functional and Clinical Considerations
Review Test
22 CEREBRAL CORTEX
Objectives
I. Overview
II. Neocortex
III. Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
IV. Cerebral Dominance
V. Split-Brain Syndrome
VI. Blood Supply to the Major Functional Cortical Areas
VII. Apraxia
VIII. Aphasia
IX. Dysprosodies
Review Test
Comprehensive Examination
Appendix
Glossary
Index

Presenting the essentials of neuroanatomy in the popular Board Review Series outline format, BRS Neuroanatomy, 7th Edition, presents up-to-date, high-yield coverage of the most tested topics on the latest USMLE Step 1 exam to help students excel in their courses and make the most of their board exam prep.  

This powerful, easy-to-use resource is packed with a wide range of conceptual illustrations, medical imaging, color brain photographs, clinical considerations, and more than 600 multiple-choice questions with accompanying answers and detailed explanations, providing everything students need to ensure course success and test-taking confidence.   

• UPDATED! New and enhanced content throughout emphasizes high-yield coverage and clinical relevance for the most effective and efficient board exam preparation.  

• UPDATED! More than 600 USMLE-style review questions with answers—including new clinically oriented questions in every chapter—provide ample practice and strengthen students’ mastery of the most commonly tested material. 

• UPDATED! 198-question comprehensive exam boosts test-taking confidence and points students to specific content for remediation.  

• NEW! Clinical Correlates boxes demonstrate important connections between neuroanatomical knowledge and clinical practice. 

• More than 200 full-color illustrations and medical images clarify difficult concepts and complicated anatomical structures.