Lifetime Nutritional Influences on Cognition, Behaviour and Psychiatric Illness (Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Vol. 223)

Description

The influence of nutrition on cognition and behaviour is a topic of increasing interest. Emerging evidence indicates that nutrition in early life can influence later mental performance and that diet in later life can reduce cognitive decline. Lifetime nutritional influences on cognition, behaviour and psychiatric illness reviews the latest research into the effects of nutrition on cognition and behaviour across the lifespan and on psychiatric illness.

Part 1 investigates nutritional influences on brain development and cognition including the effects of early diet and the impact of key dietary consistuents including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron. Part 2 explores the link between diet, mood and cognition discussing carbohydrate consumption, mood and anti-social behaviour, hydration and mental performance and the neurocognitive effects of herbal extracts, among other topics. Part 3 examines nutritional influences on behavioural problems, psychiatric illness and cognitive decline, including the role of nutrition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, vitamin status and psychiatric disorders, antioxidants and dementia, and depression, suicide and fatty acids.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Lifetime nutritional influences on cognition, behaviour and psychiatric illness is a valuable reference tool for researchers working on the effects of diet on the brain in both academia and industry and may also appeal to dieticians and nutritionists.

About the editor

David Benton is a Professor in the Department of Psychology, Swansea University, UK. He is widely renowned for his research into the effects of diet on mood and cognitive functioning.

Contents

PART 1 NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

The effects of early diet on cognition and the brain
E B Isaacs and A Lucas, UCL Institute of Child Health, UK
- Introduction
- Nutrition, cognition and the brain: background considerations
- Research example – the preterm cohort
- Cognitive outcomes at different ages
- Imaging studies
- Issues raised by these studies
- Nutrition, cognition and brain relationships: some general considerations
- Suggestions for further research and sources of further information and advice
- References

Influence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on cognitive and visual development
J P Schuchardt and A Hahn, Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany Introduction
- Structure, metabolism and general physiological functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
- Placental transfer of PUFA and fetal lipid transport
- PUFA levels in human milk
- Significance of PUFAs in the development and function of brain and retina
- Significance of an adequate LC-PUFA supply for neonates and infants on cognitive and visual outcomes
- Potential consequences of PUFA deficiency or imbalances
- PUFA intake recommendations and supply situation
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: list of abbreviations

Zinc deficiency and cognitive development
M Black, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
- Introduction
- Measurement of zinc status
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Iron deficiency and cognitive development
S J M Osendarp and A. Eilander, Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Introduction
- Effects of iron deficiency on cognitive development
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Iodine and cognitive development
S A Skeaff, University of Otago, New Zealand
- An overview of iodine, thyroid hormones, and the consequences of iodine deficiency
- The effect of iodine deficiency on cognition
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

PART 2 DIET, MOOD AND COGNITION

Macronutrients and cognitive performance
L Dye, D Lamport, N Boyle and A Hoyland, The University of Leeds, UK
- Introduction
- The effects of meals on cognitive performance
- Carbohydrate and cognitive performance
- Macronutrients, stress and cognitive performance
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Future trends and opportunities for this research field
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Carbohydrate consumption, mood and anti-social behaviour
D Benton, Swansea University, UK
- Introduction
- Carbohydrate metabolism and mood
- The incidence of hypoglycaemia
- Serotonin synthesis after the consumption of carbohydrate
- Anti-social behaviour and refined carbohydrate consumption
- Chocolate – macro-nutrients or palatability?
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Hydration and mental performance
K E D’Anci, Tufts University, USA
- Introduction
- Thirst and water intake regulation
- Cognition, mood, and hydration status
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Vitamin status, cognition and mood in cognitively intact adults
D Kennedy, E Jones, C Haskell, Northumbria University, UK
- Introduction
- Vitamin deficiency in developed societies
- Mechanisms of action of vitamins related to brain function
- Evidence from epidemiological studies
- Evidence from intervention studies
- Conclusions
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Caffeine, mood and cognition
P J Rogers and J E Smith, University of Bristol, UK
- Introduction
- Background – caffeine intake and its physiological effects
- Caffeine reinforcement
- The alerting and psychomotor effects of caffeine – net benefit or withdrawal reversal?
- Caffeine and anxiety
- Caffeine (tea and coffee) consumption and risk of cognitive decline
- Conclusions and future trends: implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Sources of further information and advice
- Acknowledgements
- References

Neurocognitive effects of herbal extracts
A Scholey and C Stough, Swinburne University, Australia
- Introduction: history of use of herbal products for neurocognition
- Ginkgo biloba
- Ginseng
- Bacopa Monnieri
- Salvia
- Melissa officinalis
- Guaraná
- Flavonoids
- Conclusions and future trends
- References

PART 3 NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS, PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS AND COGNITIVE DECLINE ASSOCIATED WITH AGEING

Malnutrition and externalizing behaviour
J Liu and A Raine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Introduction
- Dietary influences on externalizing behaviour
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists, and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

The role of nutrition and diet in learning and behaviour of children with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
N Sinn, University of South Australia, Australia and J Rucklidge, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
- Overview of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Nutrition and the brain
- Nutrients and ADHD
- Botanicals
- Multi-ingredient formulations
- Food intolerance
- Conclusions
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Vitamin status and psychiatric disorders
D Benton, Swansea University, UK
- Introduction
- Homocysteine
- Dementia and homocysteine
- Vitamin B1
- Niacin
- Vitamin B6
- Vitamin B12
- Anti-oxidants, micro-nutrients and the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Antioxidants, diet, polyphenols and dementia
J K Sahni, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Canada and INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Canada, L Letenneur, INSERM, France and Victor Segalen University, France, L H Dao, INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Canada and C Ramassamy, INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Canada and Université Laval, Canada
- Introduction
- Antioxidants and diet approach for cognitive functioning and dementia
- Brain targets and sources of polyphenols
- Summary of the classification of polyphenols
- Important polyphenols with neuroprotective potential
- Conclusions
- Future trends
- References

Vitamin D, cognitive function and mental health
E P Cherniack and Bruce R Troen, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA
- Introduction
- The epidemic of vitamin D insufficiency- sources of vitamin D intake, epidemiology
- Vitamin D action on the brain
- Cognition
- Vitamin D in dementia and Parkinson’s disease
- Vitamin D and Depression, Bipolar illness, and Schizophrenia
- The diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D insufficiency
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Caloric intake, dietary lifestyles, macronutrient composition and dementia
H C Fivecoat and G M Pasinetti, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA
- Introduction
- Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- Calorie intake and caloric restriction
- The role of insulin in AD
- Hypertension and AD
- The link between dietary choices and AD
- Conclusions and future trends
- References

Fatty acids and schizophrenia
M Peet and K Williamson, Rotherham Early Intervention Service, UK
- Introduction
- Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia
- Treatment studies with omega-3 fatty acids in schizophrenia
- The importance of diet for physical health schizophrenia
- Recommended programme of assessment and intervention
- Further research
- References

Depression, suicide and fatty acids
S J Long, Swansea University, UK
- Introduction
- Essential fatty acids (EFAs)
- EFAs and depression
- EFAs and post-natal depression (PND)
- EFAs and bipolar disorder (BD)
- EFAs and suicide
- Personality factors associated with suicide
- Future trends
- Implications for practice
- Sources of further information and advice
- References
- Appendix: abbreviations

Fatty acid intake and cognitive decline
M Plourde, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
- Introduction
- Epidemiological link between dietary fats and cognitive decline
- Omega-3 fatty acids metabolism and risk of cognitive decline
- Implications for the food industry, nutritionists and policy makers
- Future trends for better cognition
- Sources of further information and advice
- References