Biointegration of Medical Implant Materials: Science and Design

Description

- provides a unique and comprehensive review of recent techniques and research into material and tissue interaction and integration
- discusses soft tissue biointegration with chapters on the biocompatibility of engineered stem cells, corneal tissue engineering, vascular grafts and replacement materials for facial reconstruction
- reviews particular techniques in drug delivery featuring inorganic nanoparticles and functionalized nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
- examines important design considerations covering topics such as mechanisms of failure of medical implants during long-term use and biocompatibility of materials and medical applications

Biointegration is essential for the successful performance of implanted materials and devices within the human body. With an increasing number and wide range of implant procedures being performed, it is critical that materials scientists and engineers effectively design implant materials which will create a positive biological and mechanical response with the host tissue.

Biointegration of medical implant materials provides a unique and comprehensive review of recent techniques and research into material and tissue interaction and integration. Part 1 discusses soft tissue biointegration with chapters on the biocompatibility of engineered stem cells, corneal tissue engineering and vascular grafts. Part 2 then reviews particular techniques in drug delivery including inorganic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and alginate based drug delivery devices. Part 3 covers design considerations with coverage of themes such as biocompatibility of materials and its relevance to drug delivery and tissue engineering, mechanisms of failure of medical implants during long term use and rapid prototyping in biomedical engineering.

With its distinguished editor and team of international contributors, Biointegration of medical implant materials: science and design is a standard reference for medical materials scientists and engineers in industry and the academic sector.

About the editor

Dr. Chandra P. Sharma is Senior Scientist and Head of Biosurface Technology Division, Associate Head of Biomedical Technology Wing and Associate Dean at Sree Chitra Triunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India. Dr. Sharma is a fellow of the International Union of Societies for Biomaterials, Science and Engineering. He has published over 270 papers and has been guest editor of several International Journals.

Contents

Biointegration: an introduction
C K S Pillai and C P Sharma, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India
- Introduction
- Biointegration of biomaterials for orthopedics
- Biointegration of biomaterials for dental applications
- AlphaCor artificial corneal experience
- Biointegration and functionality of tissue engineering devices
- Percutaneous devices
- Future trends
- References

PART 1 SOFT TISSUE BIOINTEGRATION

Biocompatibility of engineered soft tissue created by stem cells
P A Clark, University of Wisconsin and J J Mao, Columbia University, USA
- Introduction
- Bone: from tissue to molecular organization
- Bone development
- Bone homeostasis
- Bone repair after injury
- Bone and joint disease
- Current treatment options and total joint replacements
- Current challenges of titanium implants
- Current titanium modifications for improved integration
- Mimicking nature toward achieving titanium ‘biointegration’: cytokines and implants
- Growth factor delivery: why is controlled and sustained release important?
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Replacement materials for facial reconstruction at the soft tissue-bone interface
E Wentrup-Byrne, Queensland University of Technology, L Grondahl and A Chandler-Tempe, University of Queensland, Australia
- Introduction
- Facial reconstruction
- Materials used in traditional interfacial repair
- Surface modification of facial membranes for optimal biointegration
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References

Corneal tissue engineering
Y–X Huang, Ji Nan University, China
- Introduction
- Characteristics of the human cornea and its regeneration
- Special conditions for wound healing and tissue regeneration of the cornea
- Approaches to corneal tissue engineering
- Future trends
- References

Tissue engineering for small-diameter vascular graft
J I Rotmans Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands and J H Campbell, University of Queensland, Australia
- Introduction
- Required characteristics of tissue engineered blood vessels
- Approached to vascular tissue engineering
- Future trends
- Conclusion
- References

Stem cells for organ regeneration
K D Deb, Dyananda Sagar Institutions, India
- Introduction
- Basic components of tissue engineering
- Tissue engineering and stem cells in organ regeneration
- Conclusions
- References

PART 2 DRUG DELIVERY

Materials facilitating protein drug delivery and vascularisation
P Martens, A Nilasaroya and L A Poole-Warren, University of New South Wales, Australia
- Introduction
- Hydrogel classification
- Factors influencing protein encapsulation and release
- Tissue engineering applications: vascularisation and protein delivery
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References

Inorganic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
W Paul and C P Sharma, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
- Introduction
- Calcium phosphate nanoparticles
- Gold nanoparticles
- Iron oxide nanoparticles
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgement
- References

Alginate-based drug delivery devices
L Grøndahl, G Lawrie and A Jejurikar, University of Queensland, Australia
- Introduction
- Alginate biopolymer
- Drug delivery using alginate matrices
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References

Functionalized nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
S Manju and K Sreenivasan, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for medial Sciences and Technology
- Introduction
- Drug targeting
- Multifunctional nanocamer systems
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgement
- References

PART 3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Biocompatibility of materials and its relevance to drug delivery and tissue engineering
T Chandy, Transoma Medical, USA
- Biocompatibility of materials and medical applications
- Biomaterials for controlled drug delivery
- Biomaterials for tissue engineering
- Role of scaffold and the loaded drug/growth factor in the integration of ECM and cells at the interface
- Future trends
- References

Mechanisms of failure of medical implants during long-term use
S Saha and A Kashi, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, USA
- Introduction
- Mechanical factors (e.g
- fatigue, overloading)
- Wear
- Corrosion
- Clinical factors for implant success and failure
- Failure mechanisms of non-load-bearing implants
- Failure analysis of medical implant
- Conclusion
- References

Rapid prototyping in biomedical Engineering: structural intricacies of biological materials
S J Kalita, University of North Dakota, USA
- Introduction
- An overview of biomaterials
- Material properties of structural biomaterials
- Rapid prototyping – a novel manufacturing approach
- Designing of structural implants
- Rapid prototyping in biomedical engineering - Synopsis
- Rapid prototyping in mimicking structural intricacies of biological materials
- Patient-specific customized scaffolds via rapid prototyping
- Summary
- List of abbreviations
- References