Biomaterials and Devices for the Circulatory System

Description

- reviews the latest developments in this important field and how they can be used to improve success and safety in the industry
- both current clinical advances as well as future innovation are assessed taking a progressive view of the role of biomaterials in medical applications
- an examination of the physiological responses to biomaterials features tissue responses to implanted materials and strategies to improve the biocompatibility of medical devices
- provides an insightful exploration of the diverse clinical applications of biomaterials ranging from mechanical prosthetic valves to novel monitoring device and radioactive and drug-eluting stents

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. Thanks to major advances in circulatory biomaterials and medical devices over the past few decades, many complications of this prevalent disease can be managed with great success for prolonged periods.

Biomaterials and devices for the circulatory system reviews the latest developments in this important field and how they can be used to improve the success and safety in this industry.

Part one discusses physiological responses to biomaterials with chapters on tissue response, blood interface and biocompatibility. Part two then reviews clinical applications including developments in valve technology, percutaneous valve replacement, bypass technologies and cardiovascular stents. Part three covers future developments in the field with topics such as nanomedicine, cardiac restoration therapy, biosensor technology in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and vascular tissue engineering.

With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Biomaterials and devices for the circulatory system is a vital reference for those concerned with bioengineering, medical devices and clinicians within this critical field.

About the editors

Professor Terence Gourlay and Dr. Richard Black are both faculty members of the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland. Professor Gourlay and Dr. Black are internationally acclaimed for their knowledge and contribution to cardiovascular bioengineering and medical devices.

Contents

PART 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO BIOMATERIALS

Tissue responses to implanted materials
I Dimarakis and S M Rehman, University Hospital of South Manchester and G Asimakopoulos, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Introduction
- Inflammatory response
- Immune response
- Hypersensitivity response
- Thromboembolic complications
- Biofilm
- Carcinogenesis
- Future trends
- References

Blood interface biomaterials
X Zhao, J M Courtney and H Qian, University of Strathclyde, UK
- Introduction
- Factors influencing blood compatibility
- Factors influencing the blood compatibility of plasticised poly(vinyl chloride)
- Molecular design of surfaces for improved blood compatibility
- Microdomain structured and bioactive surfaces
- Conclusion
- References

Biocompatibility of cardiovascular devices
A A Ucuzian and H P Greisler, Loyola University Medical Center, USA
- Introduction
- Blood-biomaterial interfacial events
- Specific biocompatibility issues
- Strategies to improve device biocompatibility
- Conclusions
- References

PART 2 CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS

Developments in cardiovascular valve technology
A H Olivencia-Yurvati, R T Mallet and J Fernandez, University of North Texas Health Science Center, USA
- Introduction: cardiac valvular disease
- Historical perspectives
- Mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves
- Biologic tissue valves
- Valve materials
- Future trends
- Conclusions
- References.

Percutaneous cardiovascular valve replacement
T Modine, A Sudre, T Gourlay and J C Laborde, Centre hospitalier unversitaire de Lille, France
- Introduction
- Material
- In vitro studies
- Cadaver studies
- Animal studies
- Clinical studies with the CoreValve system
- Future trends
- References

Cardiopulmonary bypass technologies
S Gunaydin, University of Kirikkale, Turkey
- Introduction
- Historical development of cardiopulmonary bypass
- Basic principles of cardiopulmonary bypass
- Blood pumps and circuitry
- Technologies for moderating inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass
- Novel monitoring devices for safety in cardiopulmonary bypass
- Controversies and challenges facing cardiopulmonary bypass
- Future trends
- References

Cardiovascular stents
A Guildford, M Santin and G J Phillips, University of Brighton, UK
- Introduction
- Use of cardiovascular stents
- Biomaterials for cardiovascular stents
- Surface modifications and coatings
- Radioactive stents
- Drug eluting stents
- Biodegradable stents
- Future trends
- Sources of further information and advice
- References

Vascular implants for peripheral arterial bypass and aortic aneurysm repair
T V How, University of Liverpool, R K Fisher and S R Vallabhaneni, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust and C K Chong, University of Sheffield, UK
- Introduction
- Vascular stents
- Bypass grafts
- Intimal hyperplasia
- Tissue engineering of vascular grafts
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair
- Complications of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
- Conclusion
- References

PART 3 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

Nanotechnology and nanomedicine in cardiovascular therapy
T Khan, R S Vohra and S Homer Vanniasinkam, Leeds General Infirmary, UK
- Introduction: nanomedicine in cardiovascular therapy
- Nanomedicine in cardiovascular imaging
- Nanofibres
- Future trends
- References

Biomaterials in cardiac restoration therapy
D Seliktar and K Shapira-Schweitzer, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Introduction
- Acellular approaches
- Cell-based approaches: non-injectable materials
- Injectable materials
- Conclusions
- References

Biosensor technology in the treatment of cardiovascular disease
L Shedden, University of Strathclyde, UK
- Introduction
- Biosensor technology
- Ex vivo sensors
- In vivo sensors
- In vitro sensors
- Biosensors in tissue engineering
- Biosensors and nanotechnology
- Conclusions
- References

Vascular tissue engineering
A T Halka, Northern General Hospital, C Kielty, University of Manchester and M G Walker, Alexandra Hospital, UK
- Introduction
- Surface modification techniques for synthetic conduits
- Tissue engineered arteries: historical and modern perspectives
- Approaches to tissue engineered vascular conduits
- The inclusion of cells in vascular constructs
- Stem cells
- Examining the mechanical forces influencing tissue engineered blood vessels
- Conclusion
- References