Dermatotoxicology

Overview

Reflecting the embryonic state of the field, the first edition of, published in 1977. Now the foundational reference in dermal toxicology, this Eighth Edition consists of a third more chapters than the last edition and defines what was once a largely intuitive field but has evolved into an established science.

The foundational reference in dermal toxicology, this classic text has been completely revised to bring it up to date in the new Eighth Edition, with almost a third of its chapters being newly added. The structure of the text has also been reorganized to enable easier location of a topic of interest. With contributions from leading international experts, this continues the tradition of providing unsurpassed theoretical and practical guidance for all those working on research aspects, on practical clinical issues, and on the regulatory aspects of exposure to toxic substances.

Features:

• contains updates to each chapter and contributions from leading international experts
• provides an in-depth summary of research and regulatory applications related to dermal toxicology and pharmacology
• presents 34 new chapters that describe the latest advances in dermatotoxicology
• addresses various levels of expertise regarding the development and use of dermal exposure data

New chapters include:

• safety terminology
• pharmacogenetics and dermatology
• racial (ethnic) differences in skin properties
• principles and practice of percutaneous absorption

Reviews

"There are some textbooks that have established positions on a toxicologist's bookshelf… Dermatotoxicology can rightly join that auspicious club."
BTS Newsletter

Contents

I Concepts

• 1. Pharmacogenetics and dermatology
• 2. Hormesis and dermatology
• 3. Toward an evidence-based dermatotoxicology
• 4. How to improve skin notation
• 5. Skin ion channels in health and disease

II Systemic toxicity

• 6. Systemic toxicity
• 7. Chemical respiratory allergy: opportunities for hazard identification and characterization
• 8. Nephrotoxicity of organic solvents from skin exposure
• 9. Mechanisms in cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions
• 10. Systemic allergic (contact) dermatitis

III Local toxicity

• 11. Immunological mechanisms in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis
• 12. Allergic contact dermatitis: elicitation thresholds of potent allergens in humans
• 13. Photoirritation
• 14. Contact urticaria syndrome

IV Compounds

• 15. Percutaneous penetration enhancers: overview
• 16. Chemical warfare agents
• 17. Allergic contact dermatitis from ophthalmics
• 18. Textiles and human skin, microclimate, and cutaneous reactions: overview
• 19. Identifying the source of textile-dye allergic contact dermatitis: a guideline
• 20. Trichloroethylene dermatotoxicology: an update
• 21. Chemical agents that cause depigmentation
• 22. Hydroxychloroquine-induced retinopathy
• 23. Factors influencing applied amount of topical preparations
• 24. Immune reactions to copper
• 25. Sodium lauryl sulfate
• 26. Water: is it an irritant?
• 27. In vivo human transfer of topical bioactive drugs among individuals: estradiol and testosterone
• 28. Depigmentation changes as a result of arsenic exposure

V Susceptibility of different populations

• 29. Gender and pharmacokinetics
• 30. Dermatological drug dosage in the elderly
• 31. Sensitive skin: A valid syndrome of multiple origins
• 32. Dermatotoxicology of the vulva
• 33. Human scalp irritation related to arm and back
• 34. Functional map and age-related differences in human faces: nonimmunologic contact urticaria induced by hexyl nicotinate
• 35. Adhesive tape stripping reveals differences in stratum corneum cohesion between Caucasians, Blacks and Hispanics as a function of age

VI Methods

• 36. Animal, human, and in vitro test methods for predicting skin irritation
• 37. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of dermal absorption
• 38. In vitro approaches to assessment of skin irritation and phototoxicity of topically applied materials
• 39. The local lymph node assay
• 40. Utilization of irritation data in local lymph node assay
• 41. Failure of standard test batteries for detection of genotoxic activity of some chemicals used in dermatological and cosmetic products
• 42. Determination of chromium and nickel allergy, sensitization, and toxicity by cellular in vitro methods
• 43. Methods for in vitro skin metabolism
• 44. In vitro model for decontamination of human skin: formaldehyde
• 45. Percutaneous absorption of hazardous substances from soil and water
• 46. Stratum corneum tape stripping method: an update
• 47. The diagnostic value of patch testing
• 48. Diagnostic tests in dermatology: patch and photopatch testing and contact urticaria
• 49. Photoirritation (phototoxicity or photoroxic dermatitis)
• 50. Significance of methyl mercury hair analysis: mercury biomonitoring in human scalp/nude mouse model
• 51. Use of modified forearm controlled application text to evaluate skin irritation of lotion formulations
• 52. Evaluating mechanical and chemical irritation using the behind-the-knee test: a review Miranda A Farage
• 53. Tests for sensitive skin
• 54. Dermatotoxicity of specialized epithelia: adapting cutaneous test methods to assess topical effects on the vulva
• 55. Biomarkers associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions

VII Treatment

• 56. Decreasing allergic contact dermatitis frequency through dermatotoxicologic and epidermic-based intervention
• 57. The importance of the skin decontamination wash-in effect
• 58. Water decontamination of chemical skin and eye splashes: a critical review
• 59. Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis treatment
• 60. Anti-irritants: myth or reality? An overview

VIII Regulatory aspects and guidelines

• 61. Validation and regulatory acceptance of dermatotoxicology methods: recent progress and the role of NICEATM and ICCVAM
• 62. Safety and efficacy information in drug inserts for topical prescription medications
• 63. Lack of drug interaction conformity in commonly used drug compendia for selected at-risk dermatologic drugs
• 64. OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals
• 65. Dermatologic drugs withdrawn by the FDA for safety reasons

Author

Klaus-Peter Wilhelm, M.D., is extraordinary professor of dermatology at the University of Lübeck, Germany, and president and medical director of proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany. He is President of the International Society for Biophysics and Imaging of the Skin, and a member of several scientific associations and societies. He has published over 100 manuscripts and reviews and coauthored three books in the bioengineering of the skin series. Dr. Wilhelm received an M.D. degree from the Medical University of Lübeck, Germany.

Hongbo Zhai, M.D., is a senior research fellow at the Department of Dermatology in the University of California at San Francisco. He has over two decades of experience in the prevention of contact dermatitis and the development of skin disease-related products. He has contributed to the development of innovative skin-related products in collaboration with many global pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies. He has published more than 100 scientific articles in his research areas. Dr. Zhai is also the 2003 winner of the international “Niels Hjorth Prize.”

Howard I. Maibach, M.D., is professor of dermatology in the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. He has several decades of research experience in skin diseases and the development of skin-related products. He has published more than 2000 papers and over 80 textbooks. He is a consultant to government agencies, universities, and industry.