Navigation and Robotics in Spine Surgery

Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Robotics in Surgery

Section 1: Navigated spinal surgery
Chapter 3. Three dimensional computer assisted navigation platforms
Chapter 4. Intra-operative sonography
Chapter 5. Outcomes in navigated spinal surgery
Chapter 6. Radiation exposure and navigated spinal surgery

Section 2: Robotic surgery
Chapter 7. Shared control robots
Chapter 8. Tele-surgical robots
Chapter 9. Outcomes in robotic spinal surgery

Section 3: Cervical surgery
Chapter 10. Navigated anterior trans-oral surgery for C1 & C2 pathologies
Chapter 11. Navigated and robotic anterior odontoid peg fracture fixation
Chapter 12. Navigated and robotic posterior atlantoaxial fusion
Chapter 13. Navigated subaxial cervical spine pedicle screw instrumentation
Chapter 14. Robotic subaxial cervical spine pedicle screw instrumentation

Section 4: Thoracic surgery
Chapter 15. Navigated posterior correction of paediatric scoliosis
Chapter 16. Navigated posterior instrumentation of the arthrodesed spine
Chapter 17. Robotic posterior thoracic pedicle screw placement
Chapter 18. En-bloc primary spinal tumour excision using navigation
Chapter 19. Surgical management of thoracolumbar spinal metastases using navigation
Chapter 20. Navigated balloon kyphoplasty
Chapter 21. Intra-operative ultrasound guided intra- dural tumour resection
Chapter 22. Stereotactic radiosurgery to treat primary and secondary spinal tumours

Section 5: Lumbosacral surgery
Chapter 23. Robotic anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Chapter 24. Navigated minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Chapter 25. Robotic minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Chapter 26. Navigated correction of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis
Chapter 27. Navigated pelvic fixation
Chapter 28. Navigated sacroiliac joint fusion
Chapter 29. Computer assisted spinal osteotomies

Section 6: Future directions
Chapter 30. OR design & efficiency
Chapter 31. Mounting the learning curve with new technologies
Chapter 32. MRI based navigation
Chapter 33. Supervisory controlled robots
Chapter 34. Artificial intelligence
Chapter 35. Future directions: what we can learn from other industries
Chapter 36. Future growth in navigated and robotic spinal surgery

A unique how-to guide for spine surgeons on state-of-the-art computer-assisted navigation and robotic surgery techniques

The past decade has seen major advances in image-guided spine surgery techniques, with robotically assisted approaches emerging in the last five years. While early adopters of this technology paved the way for more widespread use of navigated and robotic systems, barriers still exist. Navigation and Robotics in Spine Surgery by master spine surgeon Alexander Vaccaro and esteemed co-editors Jaykar Panchmatia, I. David Kaye, and Srinivas Prasad addresses existing issues such as the perception of increased upfront costs, intrusion on current workflow, and a lack of understanding about the potential ways these technologies can enhance the surgical experience and improve patient outcomes.

Organized into six sections, the book starts with evidence-based fundamentals of navigated spine surgery and robotics including discussion of instrumentation and mechanics. Sections 2-5 serve as a surgical handbook for spine surgeons who wish to introduce these technologies into practice or augment their current repertoire with more complex techniques. Topics range from more routine procedures such as navigated and robotic minimally invasive TLIF to complex approaches like intraoperative ultrasound guided intradural spinal tumor resection. The final section looks at future directions and potential new applications for these technologies.

• An impressive group of international spine surgeons who pioneered navigation and robotic surgery techniques share invaluable tricks of the trade
• Discussion of fluoroscopy- and intraoperative CT-based platforms, applications for intraoperative sonography, and radiation exposure and minimization strategies
• Special topics include OR set-up and workflow, surmounting the learning curve, artificial intelligence, and lessons learned from other industries
• Procedural videos demonstrate the benefits of computer-assisted navigation and robotic techniques

This book is essential reading for orthopaedic surgery and neurosurgery residents and spine fellows who wish to learn about and incorporate these technologies into practice. Seasoned spine surgeons seeking to expand the scope of their navigated/robotic practice will benefit from chapters detailing advanced approaches.