Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination

Description

First published more than 20 years ago, Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, now in its Fourth Edition,continues to follow the authors’ initial goals of providing a simple, pocket-sized manual for practical learning purposes.

The Fourth Edition provides critical and invaluable information on the most current and practical special tests used during an orthopedic examination. The efficient user-friendly, spiral-bound format allows for easy access to individualized special tests.

Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, Fourth Edition includes 160 special tests, 6 of which are new:

• Ballottement Test
• Gerber’s Test (Lift-Off Test)
• Painful Arc Sign
• Thessaly Test
• Quad Active Test
• Lelli Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries

Inside Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, Fourth Edition, Jeff G. Konin, Denise Lebsack, Alison R. Snyder Valier, and Jerome A. Isear, Jr. have included a new section on evidence, where the authors have highlighted systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or single articles to address reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the special tests, where available.

What is new and updated in the Fourth Edition:

• Includes a video website that provides visually enhanced dimensional and motion analysis of each special test performed
• Includes 160 special tests, 6 of which are new to this edition
• Includes information on reliability, sensitivity, and specificity presented in a table format
• New evidence section highlights systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or single articles for special tests, where available
• New color images for each test
• Updated references for all tests

Bonus Material!
Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, Fourth Edition includes a video website with each new book purchase. This video website offers a unique approach that provides a visually enhanced dimensional and motion analysis of each special test performed. The video segments will help students and clinicians better understand the test motion in order to perform the test accurately during an orthopedic examination.

The simple yet succinct information provided throughout the manual and on the video website will help clinicians make informed decisions during an orthopedic examination, from understanding to performing and evaluating the special tests.

Special Tests for Orthopedic Examination, Fourth Edition will carry on the tradition of past editions as being the premier resource for thousands of students, clinicians, and rehabilitation professionals.

Contents

Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Preface
Foreword by Edward G. McFarland, MD

Section 1: Temporomandibular
Chvostek’s Sign
Loading Test
Palpation Test

Section 2: Cervical Spine
Vertebral Artery Test
Foraminal Compression Test (Spurling)
Foraminal Distraction Test
Valsalva’s Maneuver
Swallowing Test
Tinel’s Sign

Section 3: Shoulder
Empty Can (Supraspinatus) Test
Yergason Test
Speed’s Test
Ludington’s Sign
Drop Arm Test
Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST)
Apley’s Scratch Test
Cross-Over Impingement Test
Posterior Impingement Test
Neer Impingement Test
Hawkins-Kennedy Impingement Test
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint Stress Test
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Distraction Test
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Compression Test (Shear)
Piano Key Sign
Apprehension Test (Anterior)
Apprehension Test (Posterior)
Sulcus Sign
Anterior Drawer Test
Posterior Drawer Test
Jobe Relocation Test
Surprise Test (Active Release Test)
Feagin Test
Load and Shift Test
Grind Test
Clunk Test
Crank Test
O’Brien Test (Active Compression)
Brachial Plexus Stretch Test
Adson’s Maneuver
Allen’s Test
Roos Test (Elevated Arm Stress Test)
Military Brace Position
Gerber’s Test (Lift-Off Test)
Jerk Test (Posterior Stress)
Painful Arc Sign

Section 4: Elbow
Resistive Tennis Elbow Test (Cozen’s Test)
Resistive Tennis Elbow Test
Passive Tennis Elbow Test
Golfer’s Elbow Test
Hyperextension Test
Elbow Flexion Test
Varus Stress Test
Valgus Stress Test
Tinel’s Sign
Pinch Grip Test

Section 5: Wrist and Hand
Tap or Percussion Test
Compression Test
Long Finger Flexion Test
Finkelstein Test
Phalen Test
Reverse Phalen Test
Tinel’s Sign
Froment’s Sign
Wrinkle Test
Digital Allen’s Test
Bunnel Littler Test
Murphy’s Sign
Watson Test
Valgus Stress Test
Varus Stress Test
Ballottement Test

Section 6: Thoracic Spine
Kernig/Brudzinski Signs
Lateral and Anterior/Posterior Rib Compression Tests
Inspiration/Expiration Breathing Test

Section 7: Lumbar Spine
Valsalva’s Maneuver
Stoop Test
Hoover Test
Kernig/Brudzinski Signs
90-90 Straight Leg Raise Test
Bowstring Test (Cram Test)
Sitting Root Test
Unilateral Straight Leg Raise Test (Lasègue Test)
Bilateral Straight Leg Raise Test
Well Straight Leg Raise Test (Crossed Straight Leg Raise)
Slump Test
Thomas Test
Spring Test
Trendelenburg’s Test
Stork Standing Test

Section 8: Sacral Spine
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Fixation Test
Gillet Test
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Stress Test
Squish Test
Yeoman’s Test
Gaenslen’s Test
Patrick or FABER Test
Long-Sitting Test

Section 9: Hip
Hip Scouring/Quadrant Test
Craig’s Test
90-90 Straight Leg Raise Test
Patrick or FABER Test
Trendelenburg’s Test
Ober’s Test
Piriformis Test
Thomas Test
Ely’s Test
Femoral Nerve Traction Test

Section 10: Knee
Patella Tendon/Patella Ligament Length Test
Patellar Apprehension Test
Ballotable Patella or Patella Tap Test
Sweep Test (Wipe, Brush, Bulge, or Stroke Test)
Q-Angle Test
Medial-Lateral Grind Test
Bounce Home Test
Patellar Grind Test (Clarke’s Sign)
Renne Test
Noble Test
Hughston’s Plica Test
Godfrey 90/90 Test
Posterior Sag Test (Gravity Drawer Test)
Reverse Pivot Shift (Jakob Test)
Anterior Lachman’s Test
Anterior Drawer Test
Slocum Test With Internal Tibial Rotation
Slocum Test With External Tibial Rotation
Pivot Shift Test
Jerk Test
Posterior Drawer Test
Hughston Posteromedial Drawer Test
Hughston Posterolateral Drawer Test
Posterior Lachman’s Test
External Rotation Recurvatum Test
Dial Test (Tibial External Rotation Test)
Valgus Stress Test
Varus Stress Test
McMurray Test
Apley Compression Test
Steinman’s Tenderness Displacement Test
Thessaly Test
Ober’s Test
Quad Active Test
Lelli Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries

Section 11: Ankle and Foot
Homans’ Sign
Anterior Drawer Test
Talar Tilt Test (Inversion)
Talar Tilt Test (Eversion)
Thompson Test
Tap or Percussion Test
Feiss Line
Interdigital Neuroma Test
Compression (Squeeze) Test
Long Bone Compression Test
Swing Test
Kleiger’s Test
Tinel’s Sign

Section 12: Contemporary Special Tests
Impingement Reduction Test
Walking Arm Stress (WAS) Test
Finger Extension Test
Flexor Pronator Syndrome Test
Tarsal Twist Test

Financial Disclosures
Index

Authors

Jeff G. Konin, PhD, ATC, PT, FACSM, FNATA is a Professor and the Chair of the Physical Therapy Department at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island. One of the original authors of this textbook, Dr. Konin is recognized as a Fellow by both the American College of Sports Medicine and the National Athletic Trainers’ Association for his contributions.

Dr. Konin has previously held the positions of Director of Athletics at Eastern Connecticut State University, Faculty and Vice Chair of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine at the University of South Florida (USF), Executive Director of the Sports Medicine and Athletic Related Trauma (SMART) Institute at USF, Director of the Graduate Athletic Training Program at USF, and Health Sciences Faculty and Assistant Athletic Director for Sports Medicine at James Madison University. Dr. Konin is also founding partner in The Rehberg Konin Group, a firm providing consulting in the areas of sport safety and education, and a founding member of Sport Safety International, specializing in the delivery of sport safety educational resources.
Dr. Konin’s published work and invited presentations have focused in the area of sports medicine with a particular interest in injury prevention and sport safety. He has shared his expertise at professional conferences throughout the United States, as well as in Australia, New Zealand, Italy, Norway, Romania, England, and Austria. His experiences have included serving on the medical staff for the 1996 Olympic Games and as a medical coordinator for the USA Wheelchair Rugby Paralympic Team.

Denise Lebsack, PhD, ATC has been an Associate Professor of Athletic Training in the School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences at San Diego State University (SDSU) since 1994. During much of that time she has served as the Athletic Training Program Director, and has coordinated 3 separate Self Study Reports for the Athletic Training Education Program’s accreditation. As part of that process and her role as an athletic training educator, Dr. Lebsack has developed a philosophy that seeks to optimize student learning and educational outcomes. Her goal is to provide students with educational tools that aid in the learning process and that instill academic inquiry and understanding. When Dr. Konin first approached her with the original book idea, she immediately knew it was a project that fit perfectly with her educational philosophy and goals for her students.

In keeping with these goals, Dr. Lebsack was also an author for a 2-disc CD-ROM series on special tests used during the injury evaluation process that incorporated video demonstration and anatomical representation of a positive test result. Her interest in instructional technology led to several published articles evaluating the effectiveness of technology in the classroom. Given her research and experience as an educator, she was invited to be a Guest Editor for the Journal of Athletic Training’s Special Issue on “Athletic Training Education” (2002;37[4]). She has also coauthored the textbook The Athletic Trainer’s Guide to Strength and Endurance Training.

Dr. Lebsack currently spends her time focused on the classroom and engaging students in the learning process. She serves as a faculty advisor for the SDSU student organization Future Athletic Trainers’ Society, and actively promotes athletic training education in the community. She has become a big proponent and spokesperson for mental health awareness for both student-athletes and athletic training students. Outside of work, her time is spent enjoying the adventures of raising her 2 teenagers, Annamarie and EJ.

Alison R. Snyder Valier, PhD, ATC, FNATA is a Professor for the Post-Professional Athletic Training Program and Doctor of Athletic Training Program at A. T. Still University (ATSU) in Mesa, Arizona. She also serves as the Assistant Director of Research Support through Research, Grants, and Information Technology Systems, as well as a research faculty in the School of Osteopathic Medicine–Arizona, at ATSU.
Dr. Valier received her BA degree in psychology and physical education from Whitman College (Walla Walla, Washington) and her MS in exercise physiology at the University of Toledo (Toledo, Ohio). In addition, she received her PhD in exercise science from the University of Toledo, where she majored in applied physiology and completed a minor in human anatomy. Dr. Valier completed a Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in Clinical Outcomes Research, with emphasis on the evaluation of patient-reported outcomes instruments and epidemiology, awarded to her by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association Research and Education Foundation (NATA REF). Her fellowship has shaped her teaching and research emphasis, with most of her focus on clinical outcomes assessment, patient-reported outcome measures, health-related quality of life, sports injury epidemiology, and quality improvement. She presents and publishes on these topics regularly and is a Fellow of the NATA. Over the years, Dr. Valier has served the profession in many ways, including being a member of the NATA Pronouncements Committee, NATA REF Research Committee, and the Rocky Mountain Athletic Trainers’ Association (RMATA) Programming Committee. She also serves as the Co-Chair of the Arizona Athletic Trainers’ Association Governmental Affairs Committee and served as the Chair of the Free Communication program for the RMATA for several years. Dr. Valier lives in Gilbert, Arizona, with her husband, Sean, and son, Albert.