Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery (Ophthalmology Research)

About this book

This exceptionally important new work represents recent discoveries and advancements in the study of ocular transporters and their roles in ocular physiology, pathology, and drug delivery. Transporters are found on the membranes of cells and play a key role in transmitting signals between cells. In Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery, a panel of distinguished authors discusses all the latest developments in the study of ocular transporters. Focusing on the molecular characteristics, localization, and substrate specificities in various compartments of the eye, this volume discusses how transporters regulate the clarity of the cornea and lens, the movements of fluids across the ciliary epithelium, and the transport of nutrients across the retinal pigment epithelium. It also provides an in-depth look at how mutations or dysfunction of specific transporters can contribute to various disorders in the eye, including blindness, and provides readers with potential targets and strategies to allow safe passage of therapeutic drugs into the eye. Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery is the first text book in this field and offers up-to-date information to clinicians, research scientists in academia, and the pharmaceutical industry. This work has clinical implications for drug development and therapeutic drug delivery, making it an invaluable resource for readers.

Written for:

Clinicians, research scientists in academia, and the pharmaceutical industry

Keywords:

• Biology
• Diagnostics
• Ocular
• Therapeutics
• Transporters

Contents

Preface ............................................................................................................................. v

Contributors .................................................................................................................xiii

Companion CD ........................................................................................................... xvii

I Transport in the Anterior Segment

1 Aquaporins and Water Transport in the Cornea - Alan S. Verkman
2 Roles of Corneal Epithelial Ion Transport Mechanisms in Mediating Responses to Cytokines and Osmotic Stress - Peter S. Reinach, José E. Capó-Aponte, Stefan Mergler, and Kathryn S. Pokorny
3 Vitamin C Transport, Delivery, and Function in the Anterior Segment of the Eye - Ram Kannan and Hovhannes J. Gukasyan

II Transporters of the Ciliary Epithelium

4 Mechanisms of Aqueous Humor Formation: Cellular Model of Aqueous Inflow - Chi-wai Do, Chi-wing Kong, Chu-yan Chan, Mortimer M. Civan, and Chi-ho To

III Lens Transporters

5 Membrane Transporters: New Roles in Lens Cataract - Paul J. Donaldson and Julie Lim
6 Lens Na+, K+-ATPase - Nicholas A. Delamere and Shigeo Tamiya

IV Transport Across the Blood–Retinal Barrier

7 Pathophysiology of Pericyte-containing Retinal Microvessels: Roles of Ion Channels and Transporters - Donald G. Puro
8 Molecular Mechanisms of the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Transporters - Masatoshi Tomi and Ken-ichi Hosoya

V Transport Across the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

9 Regulation of Transport in the RPE - Adnan Dibas and Thomas Yorio
10 Glucose Transporters in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Development - Lawrence J. Rizzolo
11 Ca2+ Channels in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Modulators of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function and Communication with Neighboring Tissues - Olaf Strauss
12 Taurine Transport Pathways in the Outer Retina in Relation to Aging and Disease - Ali A. Hussain and John Marshall
13 P-Glycoprotein Expression and Function in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium - Paul A. Constable, John G. Lawrenson, and N. Joan Abbott

VI Transporters in the Retina

14 The Retinal Rod NCKX1 and Cone/Ganglion Cell NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ Exchangers - Paul P. M. Schnetkamp, Yoskiyuki Shibukawa, Haider F. Altimimi, Tashi G. Kinjo, Pratikhya Pratikhya, Kyeong Jing Kang, and Robert T. Szerencsei
15 Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in the Retina - Vijay Sarthy and David Pow
16 Localization and Function of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 in the Retina - Giovanni Casini

VII Genetic Variants of Ocular Transporters:

Implication in Drug Metabolism and Eye Diseases
17 Biochemical Defects Associated with Genetic Mutations in the Retina-Specific ABC Transporter, ABCR, and Macular Degenerative Diseases - Esther E. Biswas-Fiss
18 Glutamate Transporters and Retinal Disease and Regulation - Nigel L. Barnett and Natalie D. Bull
19 Glutamate Transport in Retinal Glial Cells during Diabetes - Erica L. Fletcher and Michelle M. Ward

VIII Ocular Drug Delivery

20 The Emerging Significance of Drug Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes to Ophthalmic Drug Design - Mayssa Attar and Jie Shen
21 Barriers in Ocular Drug Delivery - Sriram Gunda, Sudharshan Hariharan, Nanda Mandava, and Ashim K. Mitra
22 Ophthalmic Applications of Nanotechnology - Swita Raghava, Gaurav Goel, and Uday B. Kompella
23 Vitamin C Transporters in the Retina - Vadivel Ganapathy, Sudha Ananth, Sylvia B. Smith, and Pamela M. Martin
24 The Plasma Membrane Transporters and Channels of Corneal Endothelium - Jorge Fischbarg

Index ........................................................................................................................... 459