Basic and Clinical Aspects of Vertigo and Dizziness

Description

Vertigo is not a unique disease entity. The term covers a number of multisensory and sensorimotor syndromes of various etiologies and pathogeneses, which can be elucidated only with an interdisciplinary approach. After headache, it is one of the most frequent presenting symptoms, not only in neurology.
This volume aims to make the different vestibular syndromes more understandable by developing clear, anatomical categories and clinical classifications. The volume will also capture the ongoing interactions among neuroanatomists, neurophysiologists, neurologists, ENT-doctors, ophthalmologists, biologists, neuroinformaticans, and engineers. Topics that will be of interest include the vestibular system and spatial orientation, the role of the cerebellum in postural control, genetics of vestibular disorders, control of gait, functional imaging of the vestibular system, aging of the vestibular system and modeling of vestibular and ocular motor disorders.

Table of Contents

Preface (Michael Strupp, Bernard Cohen, and Ulrich Büttner).

Part I: Vestibular Anatomy and Neurophysiology.

1. Vestibular and proprioceptive contributions to human balance corrections: aiding these with prosthetic feedback (C.G.C. Horlings , M.G. Carpenter , F. Honegger, and J.H.J. Allum).

2. The Configuration and Attachment of the Utricular and Saccular Maculae to the Temporal Bone. New Evidence from Micro-CT studies of the Membranous Labyrinth (I.S. Curthoys, H. Uzun-Coruhlu, C.C. Wong, A.S. Jones, and A.P. Bradshaw).

3. How vestibular neurons solve the tilt/translation ambiguity: Comparison of brainstem, cerebellum and thalamus (Dora E. Angelaki And Tatyana A. Yakusheva).

4. How Actions Alter Sensory Processing: reafference in the vestibular system (Kathleen E. Cullen, Jessica X. Brooks, and Soroush G. Sadeghi).

5. Vestibulo-ocular signal transformation in frequency-tuned channels (Hans Straka, François M. Lambert, Sandra Pfanzelt, and Mathieu Beraneck).

6. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus represents different functional cell groups in different species (Anja K.E. Horn, Christina Schulze, and Susanne Radtke-Schuller).

7. Parallel ascending vestibular pathways: Anatomical localization and functional specialization (Andreas Zwergal , Michael Strupp , Thomas Brandt, and Jean A. Büttner-Ennever).

8. Modification of the Cervico-Ocular Reflex (COR) by Canal-Plugging (Sergei B Yakushin, Yelena Tarasenko, Theodore Raphan, Jun-Ichi Suzuki, Charles C Della Santina, Lloyd B Minor, and Bernard Cohen).

Part II: Vestibular Behavioral Physiology.

9. The Human Vertical Translation Vestibulo-ocular Reflex (tVOR) (Normal and Abnormal Responses: Ke Liao, Mark F. Walker, Anand Joshi, Millard Reschke, Michael Strupp, R. John Leigh).

10. Postural Compensation for Vestibular Loss (Fay B. Horak).

11. What the “broken escalator” phenomenon teaches us about balance (Adolfo M. Bronstein, Karen L Bunday and Raymond Reynolds).

12. Effect of Canal Plugging on Quadrupedal Locomotion in Monkey (Bernard Cohen, Yongqing Xiang, Sergei B. Yakushin, Mikhail Kunin, Theodore Raphan, Lloyd B Minor, and Charles C. Della Santina).

13. Human bipeds use quadrupedal coordination during locomotion (Volker Dietz and Jan Michel).

14. Structural changes in the human brain following vestibular neuritis indicate central vestibular compensation (Christoph Helmchen, Jan Klinkenstein, Björn Machner, Holger Rambold, Christian Mohr, and Thurid Sander).

15. Galvanic vestibular stimulation combines with earth-horizontal rotation in roll to induce the illusion of translation (Erich Schneider, Klaus Bartl, and Stefan Glasauer).

16. Temporary lesions of the caudal deep cerebellar nucleus in non-human primates: Gain, offset and ocular alignment (Andreas Straube, Werner Scheuerer, Farrel R Robinson, and Thomas Eggert).

17. Balance before Reason in Rats and Humans (Paul F. Smith, Thomas Brandt, Michael Strupp, Cynthia L. Darlington, and Yiwen Zheng).

18. Anxiety-Related Behavior And Biogenic Amine Pathways In The Rat Following Bilateral Vestibular Lesions (Cynthia L. Darlington, Matthew Goddard, Yiwen Zheng, and Paul F. Smith).

19. Estimating the time constants of the rVOR: a model based study (S. Ramat and G. Bertolini).

Part III: Ocular Motor System, Visual System, and Perception.

20. Signal Processing and Distribution in Cortical-Brainstem Pathways for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements (Michael J. Mustari, Seiji Ono, and Vallabh E. Das).

21. Effect of gravity on vertical eye position (C. Pierrot-Deseilligny).

22. Some Perspectives on Saccade Adaptation (Jing Tian, Vincent Ethier, Reza Shadmehr, Masahiko Fujita, and David S. Zee).

23. Respiratory impact on motion sickness induced by linear motion (Agali Mert, Ineke Klopping-Ketelaars, and Willem Bles).

24. Vestibular Critical Period, Maturation of Central Vestibular Neurons and Locomotor Control (Daniel Eugène, Sèverine Deforges, Nicolas Vibert, and Pierre-Paul Vidal).

25. Distinct roles for eye and head movements in selecting salient image parts during natural exploration (Wolfgang Einhäuser, Frank Schumann, Johannes Vockeroth, Klaus Bartl, Moran Cerf, Jonathan Harel, Erich Schneider, and Peter König).

26. Re-afferent head movement signals carried by pursuit neurons of the simian frontal eye fields during head movements (Kikuro Fukushima, Satoshi Kasahara, Teppei Akao, Hiroshi Saito, Sergei Kurkin, Junko Fukushima, and Barry W. Peterson).

27. The effect of dual tasks in locomotor path integration (Stefan Glasauer, Alexandra Stein, Anna L. Günther, Virginia L. Flanagin, Klaus Jahn, and Thomas Brandt).

28. Posture control in vestibular loss patients (Thomas Mergner, Georg Schweigart, Luminous Fennell, and Christoph Maurer).

29. Spatial Neglect: Hypothetical Mechanisms of Disturbed Interhemispheric Crosstalk for Orientation (Thomas Brandt, Stefan Glasauer, Michael Strupp, and Marianne Dieterich).

30. The Perception of Translational Motion: What Is Vestibular and What Is Not (Scott H. Seidman, Nicholas Au Yong, and Gary D. Paige).

31. Human hippocampal activation during stance and locomotion: fMRI study on healthy, blind and vestibular loss subjects (Klaus Jahn, Judith Wagner, Angela Deutschländer, Roger Kalla, Katharina Hüfner, Thomas Stephan, Michael Strupp, and Thomas Brandt).

32. Perceptual encoding of self-motion duration in human Posterior Parietal Cortex (Barry M Seemungal, Vincenzo Rizzo, Michael A Gresty, John C Rothwell, and Adolfo M. Bronstein).

Part IV: Vestibular Clinical Studies.

33. Progressive vestibular impairment in patients with polyneuropathy (D. Straumann, A. Schmid-Priscoveanu, A. Studer, K. Hess, and A. Palla).

34. Vertigo as a symptom of migraine (Thomas Lempert, Hannelore Neuhauser, and Robert B. Daroff).

35. Familial Episodic Ataxia: a model for migrainous vertigo (Joanna C. Jen and Robert W. Baloh).

36. Vestibular PREHAB (Måns Magnusson, Babar Kahlon, Mikael Karlberg; Sven Lindberg, Peter Siesjö, and Fredrik Tjernström).

37. Impact of vertigo and Spatial Disorientation on Con-current Cognitive Tasks (Michael A. Gresty and John F. Golding).

38. Tell me your vestibular deficit, and I'll tell you how you'll compensate (Michel Lacour, Sophie Dutheil, Brahim Tighilet, Christophe Lopez, and Liliane Borel).

39. Vibrotactile Biofeedback Improves Tandem Gait in Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Loss (Fay B Horak, Marco Dozza, Robert Peterka, Lorenzo Chiari, and Conrad Wall III).

40. fMRI Activations of Cortical Eye Fields during Saccades, Smooth Pursuit, and Optokinetic Nystagmus (Marianne Dieterich, Stefanie Müller-Schunk, Thomas Stephan, Sandra Bense, Klaus Seelos, and Tarek A. Yousry).

41. The intensity of downbeat nystagmus during daytime (Rainer Spiegel, Nicole Rettinger, Roger Kalla, Nadine Lehnen, Dominik Straumann, Thomas Brandt, Stefan Glasauer, and Michael Strupp).

44. The presence of lytic HSV-1 transcripts and clonally expanded T-cells with a memory effector phenotype in human sensory ganglia (Tobias Derfuss, Viktor Arbusow , Michael Strupp, Thomas Brandt, and Diethilde Theil).

45. Effects of acute vestibular lesions on visual orientation and spatial memory, shown for the visual ahead (Karl-Friedrich Hamann, Udo Weiss, and Andrea Ruile).

46. Applying knowledge: Challenges in bringing scientific advances to dizzy patients (Thomas Haslwanter and James Ong).

47. Lateral Canal Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Revisited: Daniele Nuti, Marco Mandalà, and Lorenzo Salerni).

Part V: Short Papers.

48. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in “vestibular migraine” and Menière’s disease: a sign of an electrophysiological link? (Bernhard Baier and Marianne Dieterich).

49. Gait deviations induced by visual motion stimulation in roll depend on head orientation (Stanislavs Bardins and Erich Schneider).

50. Head impulse testing using video-oculography (Klaus Bartl, Nadine Lehnen, Stefan Kohlbecher, and Erich Schneider).

51. Why do subjective vertigo and dizziness persist over one year after a vestibular vertigo syndrome? (Christoph Best, Annegret Eckhardt-Henn, Regine Tschan, and Marianne Dieterich).

52. Head-Shaking Nystagmus in Central Vestibulopathies (Kwang-Dong Choi and Ji Soo Kim).

53. Testing Human Otolith Function Using Bone-conducted Vibration (I.S. Curthoys, A. M. Burgess, H.G. Macdougall, L.A. Mcgarvie, G.M. Halmagyi, Y.E. Smulders, and S. Iwasaki).

54. Displacement of Listing's Plane by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Measured by 3D Video-Oculography (Thomas Dera and Erich Schneider).

55. Vestibular cortex activation during locomotor imagery in the blind (Angela Deutschländer, Thomas Stephan, Katharina Hüfner, Judith Wagner, Martin Wiesmann, Michael Strupp, Thomas Brandt, Klaus Jahn).

56. Eye-head coordination during free exploration in human and cat (Wolfgang Einhäuser, Gudrun U. Moeller, Frank Schumann, Jörg Conradt, Johannes Vockeroth, Klaus Bartl, Erich Schneider, and Peter König).

57. Adaptation of Orientation of Central Otolith-Only Neurons (Julia N. Eron, Bernard Cohen, Theodore Raphan, and Sergei B. Yakushin).

58. Driving dreams: cortical activations during imagined passive and active whole body movement (Virginia L. Flanagin, Magdalena Wutte, Stefan Glasauer, and Klaus Jahn).

59. Modality-dependent indication of the subjective vertical during combined linear and rotational movements (Anna L. Guenther, Klaus Bartl, Josef Nauderer, Erich Schneider, Alexander Huesmann, Thomas Brandt, and Stefan Glasauer).

60. Handing-over a cube: spatial features of physical joint action (Markus Huber, Alois Knoll, Thomas Brandt, and Stefan Glasauer).

61. Gray matter atrophy after chronic complete unilateral vestibular deafferentation (Katharina Hüfner, Thomas Stephan, Derek A. Hamilton, Roger Kalla, Stefan Glasauer, Michael Strupp and Thomas Brandt).

62. Vertigo and cerebral hemoglobin changes during unilateral caloric stimulation: A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study (Masahiro Iida, Munetaka Haida, and Makoto Igarashi).

63. Bilateral vestibular failure as an early sign in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (Klaus Jahn, Viktor Arbusow, Vera C. Zingler, Michael Strupp, Hans A. Kretzschmar, and Thomas Brandt).

64. Vestibular-Neck Interaction in Cerebellar Patients (Stefan Kammermeier, Justus Kleine, and Ulrich Büttner).

65. Online Classification and Prediction of Eye Movements by Multi-Model Kalman Filtering (Stefan Kohlbecher and Erich Schneider).

66. Influence of uninformative visual cues on gravity perception (Aleksandra Kupferberg, Stefan Glasauer, Alexandra Stein, and Thomas Brandt).

67. Reversal of Initial Positioning Nystagmus in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Involving the Horizontal Canal (Seung-Han Lee, Myeong-Kyu Kim, Ki-Hyun Cho, and Ji Soo Kim).

68. Head-free gaze control in humans with chronic loss of vestibular function (Nadine Lehnen, Ulrich Büttner, and Stefan Glasauer).

69. On-road assessment of driving performance in bilateral vestibular-deficient patients (H.G. MacDougall, S.T. Moore, R.A. Black, N. Jolly, and I.S. Curthoys).

70. Visual search disorders in acute and chronic homonymous hemianopia: lesion effects and adaptive strategies (Björn Machner, Andreas Sprenger, Thurid Sander, Wolfgang Heidey , Hubert Kimmig, Christoph Helmchen, and Detlef Kömpf).

71. Long term follow up of vestibular neuritis (Marco Mandalà and Daniele Nuti).

72. Comparative neurobiology of the optokinetic reflex (Olivia Andrea Masseck and Klaus-Peter Hoffmann).

73. Why do patients with impaired vergence not show "saccadic" vergence? (Holger Rambold, Thurid Sander, Andreas Sprenger, and Christoph Helmchen).

74. Saccadometry of Conditional Rules in Pre-symptomatic Huntington’s Disease (Matthieu P.A. Robert, Parashkev C. Nachev, Stephen L. Hicks, Charlotte V.P. Golding, Sarah J. Tabrizi, and Christopher Kennar).

75. Modeling of intrinsic and synaptic properties to reveal the cellular and network contribution for vestibular signal processing (Christian Rössert, Sandra Pfanzelt, Hans Straka, and Stefan Glasauer).

76. Abnormal connection between lateral and posterior semi-circular canal revealed by a new modelling process: origin and physiological consequences (Dominique Louise Rousie, Jean Paul Deroubaix, and Alain Berthoz).

77. Visual motion suppression in congenital pendular nystagmus (PET) (P. Schlindwein, M. Schreckenberger, and M. Dieterich).

78. EyeSeeCam: An eye movement-driven head camera for the examination of natural visual exploration (Erich Schneider, Thomas Villgrattner, Johannes Vockeroth, Klaus Bartl, Stefan Kohlbecher, Stanislavs Bardins, Heinz Ulbrich, and Thomas Brandt).

79. Changes in Dynamic and Kinematic Properties of Saccades in Ocular Myasthenia following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment (Alessandro Serra, Matthew J. Thurtell, and R. John Leigh).

80. Stimulus profile and modeling of continuous galvanic vestibular stimulation in functional MRI (Thomas Stephan, Katharina Hüfner, and Thomas Brandt).

81. Upbeat-torsional nystagmus and contralateral fourth nerve palsy due to unilateral dorsal ponto-mesencephalic lesion (Matthew J. Thurtell, Robert L. Tomsak, and R. John Leigh).

82. Prognosis of Idiopathic Downbeat Nystagmus (Judith Wagner, Nadine Lehnen, Stefan Glasauer, Michael Strupp, and Thomas Brandt).

83. Enhancement of the Bias Component of Downbeat Nystagmus after Lesions of the Nodulus and Uvula (Mark F. Walker, Jing Tian, Xiaoyan Shan, Howard Ying, Rafael J. Tamargo, and David S. Zee).

84. Impulsive testing of semicircular canal function using video-oculography (Konrad P. Weber, Hamish G. MacDougall, G. Michael Halmagyi, and Ian S. Curthoys).

85. Electrotactile Feedback of Sway Position Improves Postural Performance during Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (Scott J. Wood, F. Owen Black, Hamish G. MacDougall, and Steven T. Moore).

86. Effects of the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (lVOR) on accomodative vergence eye movements: Sergei B Yakushin, Mikhail Kunin, Dmitri Ogorodnikov, Bernard Cohen, and Theodore Raphan).

87. Causative factors, epidemiology, and follow-up of bilateral vestibulopathy (Vera Carina Zingler, Eva Weintz, Klaus Jahn, Doreen Huppert, Christian Cnyrim, Thomas Brandt, and Michael Strupp).