Century of Rickettsiology. Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Molecular Diagnostics, and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses

Description

The worldwide epidemiology of rickettsial diseases, including veterinary rickettsiology, is the focus of this volume, which is the second volume resulting from the 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases.

The heterogeneity of clinical presentations of rickettsial diseases is greater than had previously been appreciated, and atypical and previously unseen presentations are discussed here along with chapters on known vectors and vectors previously not known to transmit a given rickettsial species.

This volume and volume 1063, New Insights into Rickettsioses, complete the picture presented at the conference of the wide range of work that is being carried out in rickettsiology worldwide.

Table of contents

Overview: A Century of Rickettsiology. (Karim E. Hechemy).

Insights into Mechanisms of Bacterial Antigenic Variation Derived from the Complete Genome Sequence of Anaplasma Marginale. (Guy H. Palmer & Kelly A. Brayton.).

Part I: Epidemiology of Rickettsial Disease.

1. Rickettsiosis in Europe. (J.R. Blanco & J.A.Oteo).

2. Epidemiology of Rickettsioses in North Africa. (Amel Letaief).

3. Rickettsioses in Sub-Saharan Africa. (P. Parola).

4. Rickettsial Diseases in Russia. Irina V. Tarasevich & Oleg Y. Mediannikov.

5. Rickettsioses in Japan and Far East. (Fumihiko Mahara).

6. Rickettioses in Australia. (Stephen Graves & John Stenos).

7. Ecology and Molecular Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses and Anaplasmoses with Natural Foci in Russia and Kazakhstan. (Nikolay Rudakov & Didier Raoult).

8. Far Eastern Tick-borne Rickettsiosis: Identification of Two New Cases and Tick Vector. (Oleg Mediannikov & Didier Raoult).

9. Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among Forestry Rangers in Northern and North-eastern Poland. (Joanna Stanczak & Anna Grzeszczuk).

10. Seroprevalence of Human Anaplasmosis in Slovene Forestry Workers. (Tereza Rojko & Stanka Lotric-Furlan).

11. Molecular Epidemiology of Human and Bovine Anaplasmosis in Southern Europe. (Victoria Naranjo & José de la Fuente).

12. Human exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Portugal. (A.S. Santos & J.S. Dumler).

13. Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA) in North-Eastern Italy. (Anna Beltrame & Pierluigi Viale).

14. Human Infection with Ehrlichia Canis Accompanied by Clinical Ssigns in Venezuela. (Miriam Perez & Yasuko Rikihisa).

15. Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis and Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2001– 2002. (Linda J. Demma & D.L. Swerdlow).

16. Anthropogenic Effects on Changing of Q Fever Epidemiology in Russia. (N.K.Tokarevicha & E.V.Vorobeichikov).

17. Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain (1984-2004), a Hyperendemic Area of Q Fever. (M. Montes & E. Perez-Trallero).

18. Serotesting of Human Q Fever Distribution on Wider Area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. (S. Hamzic & Š. Zvizdic).

19. Ticks and Tick-borne Rickettsiae Surveillance in Montesinho Natural Park – Portugal. (M. Santos-Silva & F. Bacellar).

20. Current Knowledge of Rickettsial Diseases in Italy. (Lorenzo Ciceroni & Alessandra Ciervo).

21. No Serological Evidence for Rickettsial Diseases among Danish Elite Orienteers. (Peter Schiellerup & Karen A. Krogfelt).

22. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in the United States, 1997 – 2002. (A.S. Chapman & D.L. Swerdlow).

23. Rickettsia Felis in the Americas: M.A.M. (Galvão & D.H. Walker).

24. Evidence of Infection in Humans with Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in Catalonia, Northeast of Spain. (María Mercedes Nogueras & Ferran Segura).

25. Boutonneuse Fever and Climate Variability. (Rita de Sousa & Fatima Bacella).

26. Brazilian Spotted Fever. A Case-series from an Endemic Area in Southeastern Brazil: Epidemiological Aspects. (R.N. Angerami & L.J. Silva).

27. Prospective Evaluation of Rickettsioses in the Trakya (European) Region of Turkey and Atypic Presentations of Rickettsia Conorii. (F. Kuloglu & D. Raoult).

28. Reemergence of Rickettsiosis in Oran, Algeria. (N. Mouffok & D. Raoult).

29. Geoinformation Mapping of Siberian Tick-borne Rickettsiosis Foci in Altai Krai. (Nadezhda Yu.Kurepina & Nikolai V. Rudakov).

30. Methods of Isolation and Cultivation of New Rickettsiaer from Nozoarea of the North Asian Tick Typhus in Siberia. (I.E. Samoylenko & N.V. Rudakov).

31. Validation of a Rickettsia Prowazekii-specific Quantitative Real-time PCR Cassette and DNA Extraction Protocols Using Experimentally Infected Lice. (Patrick J. Rozmajzl & Allen L. Richards).

32. Detection and Identification of a Novel Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in Western Australia. (Helen Owen & Stan Fenwick).

33. Low Incidence of Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis in a Spanish Mediterranean Area. (A. Guerrero, F. Gimeno, M. Cuenca).

Part II: Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis.

34. Rickettsia slovaca infection. Debonel/Tibola. (V. Ibarra & M. Sanz).

35. Arthropod-borne Diseases in Homeless. (Philippe Brouqui & Didier Raoult).

36. Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis. (Johan S. Bakken & J. Stephen Dumler).

37. Brazilian Spotted Fever. A Case-series from an Endemic Area in Southeastern Brazil: Clinical Aspects. (R.N. Angerami & L.J. Silva).

38. Revisiting Brazilian Spotted Fever Focus of Caratinga, Minas Gerais State, BRAZIL. (Mam Galvão & D.H. Walker).

39. Fatal Brazilian Spotted Fever Confirmed by Immunohistochemical Staining and Sequencing Methods on Fixed Tissues. (Tatiana Rozental & Elba R. S. Lemos).

40. Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia spp. in 24 Patient Blood Clots from Different Municipalities of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. (Flávia Sousa Gehrke & Teresinha Tizu Sato Schumake).

41. Rickettsia Side Effects on a Sexual Partner and Eradication Process of Rickettsia in the Infected Person: An Example of the Clare Effect. (Maurita C. McKay & Frank Parsons).

42. Mediterranean Spotted Fever in Crete Greece: Clinical and Therapeutic Data of 15 Consecutive Patients (A. Germanakis & Y. Tselentis).

Part III: Vectors.

43. Prevalence of Rickettsia felis-like and Bartonella spp. in Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis from La Rioja (Northern Spain). (J.R. Blanco & J.A. Oteo).

44. The Prediction of Habitat Suitability for Ticks. (Agustín Estrada-Peña).

45. Natural Infection, Transovarial Transmission, and Transstadial Survival of Rickettsia bellii in the Tick Ixodes Loricatus (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil. (Mauricio C. Horta & Marcelo B. Labruna).

46. Prevalence of Bacterial Agents in Ixodes Persulcatus Ticks from Vologda Province of Russia. (Marina E. Eremeeva & Gregory A. Dasch).

47. Prevalence of Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis from Uruguay. (J. M. Venzal & J. A. Oteo).

48. Highly Variable Year to Year Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Northeastern Poland: Four Years Follow-up. (Anna Grzeszczuk & Joanna Stanczak).

49. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in Ticks, and Wild-living Animals in Western and Middle Slovakia. (Katarína Smetanová, Katarína Schwarzová & Elena Kocianová).

50. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from France. (Lénaïg Halos & Muriel Vayssier-Taussat).

51. Prevalence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia (SFGR) Species Detected in Ticks in La Rioja, Spain. (J. A. Oteo & M. Sanz).

52. Prevalence of Rickettsia slovaca in Dermacentor marginatus Ticks Removed from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Northeastern Spain. (A. Ortuño & F. Segura).

53. Prevalence Data of Rickettsia slovaca and Other SFG Rickettsiae Species in Dermacentor marginatus in Southeastern of the Iberian Peninsula. (F.J. Márquez & M.A. Muniain).

54. Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Feeding on Humans in Northwestern Spain. Is Rickettsia conorii vanishing? (Pedro Fernández-Soto & Antonio Encinas-Grandes).

55. A Rickettsial Mixed Infection in a Dermacentor variabilis Tick from Ohio. (Jennifer R. Carmichael & Paul A. Fuerst).

56. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Arizona: Documentation of Heavy Environmental Infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus at an Endemic Site. (William L. Nicholson & David Swerdlow).

57. Preliminary Report: An Outbreak of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Associated with a Novel Tick Vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus — Arizona, 2004. (Linda J. Demma, W. L. Nicholson, J. McQuiston).

58. Incidence and Distribution Pattern of Rickettsia felis in Peridomestic Fleas from Andalusia (Southeast Spain). (F.J. Márquez & J. Pachón).

59. Molecular Identification of Rickettsia felis-like Bacteria in Haemaphysalis sulcata Ticks Collected from Domestic Animals in Southern Croatia. (Darja Duh & Tatjana Avšic-Županc).

60. Expression of rOmpA and rOmpB Protein in Rickettsia massiliae during Rhipicephalus turanicus Life Cycle. (Motohiko Ogawa & Philippe Brouqui).

61. Lice Infestation and Lice Control Remedies in Ukraine. (I. Kurhanova).

62. Prevalence of Rickettsia felis in the Fleas Ctenocephalides Felis Felis and Ctenocephalides canis from Two Indian Villages in São Paulo Municipality, Brazil. (Mauricio C. Horta & Teresinha T.S. Schumaker).

63. Population Survey of Egyptian Arthropods for Rickettsial Agents. (Amanda D. Loftis & Gregory A. Dasch).

64. First Molecular Detection of R. conorii, R. aeschlimannii, and R. massiliae in Ticks from Algeria. (I. Bitam & D. Raoult).

65. Ornithodoros moubata, a Soft Tick Vector for Rickettsia in East Africa? (Sally J. Cutler & Julie C. Scott).

66. Detection of Memebers of the Genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia in Ticks Collected in the Asiatic Part of Russia. (Stanislav Shpynov & Didier Raoult).

67. Characterization of Dermacentor variabilis Molecules Associated with Rickettsial Infection. (Kevin R. Macaluso & Abdu F. Azad).

68. Ticks, Tick-borne Rickettsiae and Coxiella burnetii in the Greek island of Cephalonia. (A. Psaroulaki & Y. Tselentis).

Part IV: Veterinary Rickettsiology.

69. Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii Infecting Dogs and People in North Carolina. (Linda Kidd & Edward Breitschwerdt).

70. Bartonella Infection in Domestic Cats and Wild Felids. (Bruno B. Chomel & Sophie Molia).

71. Anaplasmosis: Focusing on Host-Vector-Pathogen Interactions for Vaccine Development. (José de la Fuente & Katherine M. Kocan).

72. New Findings on Members of the Family Anaplasmataceae of Veterinary Importance. (Yasuko Rikihisa).

73. Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ruminants in Europe. Zerai Woldehiwet.

74. Epidemiological Survey of Ehrlichia canis and Related Species Infection in Dogs in Eastern Sudan. (Hisashi Inokuma & Philippe Brouqui).

75. Surveys on Seroprevalence of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis among Dogs Living in the Ivory Coast and Gabon and Evaluation of a Quick Commercial Test Kit Dot-ELISA. (Bernard Davoust & Daniel Parzy).

76. Reservoir Competency of Goats for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. (Robert F. Massung & Thomas N. Mather).

77. An Epidemiological Study on Anaplasma Infection in Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Mashhad Suburb, Khorasan Province, Iran. (G.R.Razmi & M.R. Aslani).

78. Cytokine Gene Expression by Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Dogs Experimentally Infected with a New Virulent Strain of Ehrlichia canis. (Ahmet Unver & Yasuko Rikihisa).

79. Serological Evaluation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Livestock in North-Western Spain. (Inmaculada Amusategui, Ángel Sainz, Miguel Ángel Tesouro).

80. Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Cattle in France. (Koutaro Matsumoto & Philippe Brouqui).

81. Understanding the Mechanisms of Transmission of Ehrlichia ruminantium and Its Influence on the Structure of Pathogen Populations in the Field. (Nathalie Vachiéry & Dominique Martinez).

82. Public-Health Problem of Zoonoses with Emphasis on Q Fever. (E. Bešlagic & Š. Zvizdic).

83. Incidence of Ovine Abortion by Coxiella burnetii in Northern Spain. (B. Oporto … & A. L. Garcia-Perez).

84. Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Market Chicken Eggs and Mayonnaise. (Noriyuki Tatsumi & Kazuo Yamaguchi).

85. The Efficacy of Several Anti-tick Treatments to Prevent the Transmission of Rickettsia conorii under Natural Conditions. (A. Estrada-Peña & Miguel Servet).

86. The Occurrence of Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Northern Poland. (Joanna Stanczak).

87. Molecular Survey of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum from Blood of Dogs Living in Italy. (L. Solano-Gallego & M. Caldin).

88. Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Infection in Dogs from Eastern Arizona. How Long Has It Been There?. (William L. Nicholson & Linda J. Demma).

Part V: Isolation, Cell Culture, and Diagnostics.

89. Isolation of Rickettsia Rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in Cell Culture from the Tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil. (Adriano Pinter & Marcelo B. Labruna).

90. Multiplexed Serology in Atypical Bacterial Pneumonia. (Frédérique Gouriet & Didier Raoult).

91. Isolation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strain Ap-Variant 1 in a Tick-Derived Cell Line. (Robert F. Massung & Timothy J. Kurtti).

92. Human Anaplasmosis: the First Spanish Case Confirmed by PCR. (J. C. García & J. A. Oteo).

93. Two Cases of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Sardinia-Italy, Confirmed by PCR. (S. Mastrandrea & G. Masala).

94. Multiplex Detection of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Pathogens in Vertebrate and Tick Hosts by Real-Time RT-PCR. (Kamesh R. Sirigireddy & Roman R. Ganta).

95. Identification and Characterization of Coxiella burnetii Strains and Isolates Using Monoclonal Antibodies. (Z. Sekeyová & E. Kovácová).

96. Comparison of Four Commercially Available Assays for the Detection of IgM Phase II Antibodies to Coxiella Burnetii in the Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever. (Dimitrios Frangoulidis & Hermann Meyer).

97. Evaluation of a Real-time PCR SAssay to Detect Coxiella burnetii. (Silke R. Klee & Bernd Appel).

98. Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever by PCR on Sera During a Recent Outbreak in Rural South Australia. (M. Turra & M. Qiao).

99. Evaluation of IgG Antibodies Response against Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia slovaca in Patients with Debonel/Tibola. (S. Santibáñez & J. A. Oteo).

100. Molecular Typing of Novel Rickettsii rickettsii Isolates from Arizona. (Marina E. Eremeeva & Gregory A. Dasch).

101. Ten Years' Experience of Isolation of Ricketsia spp. (Mariela Quesada, Isabel Sanfeliu, and Ferran Segura).

102. Automated Method Based in VNTR Analysis for Rickettsiae Genotyping. (Liliana Vitorino & Líbia Zé-Zé).

103. Monitoring of humans and animals for the presence of various rickettsiae and Coxiella burnetii by serological methods. (E. Kovácová & D. Španelová).

104. Early Diagnosis of Rickettsioses by Electrochemiluminscence. (Gary Wen & Juan P. Olano).

105. Corpuscular Antigenic Microarray for the Serodiagnosis of Blood Culture-negative Endocarditis. (Laurent Samson & Didier Raoult).

106. Proposal to Create Subspecies of Rickettsia sibirica and an Emended Description of Rickettsia sibirica. (Pierre-Edouard Fournier & Didier Raoult).

107. Comparison of Immune Response against Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Causative Agent of Scrub Typhus, in 4-week-old and 10-week-old Scrub Typhus-infected Laboratory Mice Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique. (Kriangkrai Lerdthusnee & James. W. Jones).

108. Methods of Isolation and Cultivation of New Rickettsiae from the Nosoarea of the North Asian Tick Typhus in Diberia. (L.E. Samoylenko, L.V. Kumpan, S.N. Shpynov, A.S. Obert, O.V. Butakov, and N.V. Rudakov.

109. Rickettsia spp. in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Bavaria, Germany. (Wölfel, R. Terzioglu, J. Kiessling, S. Wilhelm, S. Essbauer, M. Pfeffer, and G. Dobler).

Index of Contributors.