Encyclopedia of Surgery (22 Volume Set)

Volume 1
Chapter 1. Limb Lengthening by Combined Technique (External Fixator and Flexible Intramedullary Nailing): Experimental Studies
Chapter 2. Influence of the Transphyseal Sliding Nailing on Longitudinal Growth of the Tibia: Experimental Studies
Chapter 3. Lengthening and Deformity Correction of Lower and Upper Limbs
Chapter 4. Influence of Lengthening on the Residual Limb Growth
Chapter 5. Bioactive Implants in Reconstructive Orthopedics
Chapter 6. Use of Intramedullary Bioactive Nailing in Deformity Correction in Patients with X-Linked Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Chapter 7. Hybrid Technologies in Spinal Deformity Surgery
Chapter 8. Management of Posttraumatic Non-Unions and Bone Defects by Combined Techniques (Ilizarov External Fixation and Interlocking Intramedullary Nailing): Experimental Studies and Clinical Practice
Chapter 9. Complications of Bariatric Surgery, Improvement of Comorbidities and Impact on Quality of Life
Chapter 10. Adjustable Gastric Banding Surgery: Impact on Inflammation and Iron Metabolism
Chapter 11. Long Term Diabetes Outcomes after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 12. Anesthesia Consideration and Management for Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 13. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 14. Optimal Physical Activity & Exercise Following Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 15. Pregnancy after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 16. History and Development of Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation Procedures
Chapter 17. Thoraco-Lumbar Spine Anatomy
Chapter 18. Etiopathogenesis of Pathological and Traumatic Vertebral Fractures
Chapter 19. Biomechanical Evaluation
Chapter 20. Epidemiology of Adult Thoracolumbar Fractures
Chapter 21. Surgical Options for Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures
Chapter 22. Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Role and Limits
Chapter 23. Types, Morphology and Function of the New Devices
Chapter 24. VBS: Evaluation and Indications
Chapter 25. Spine Jack: Evaluation and Indications
Chapter 26. OsseoFix: Evaluation and Indications
Chapter 27. Surgical Technique
Chapter 28. Alternatives to PMMA for Vertebral Augmentation Procedures
Chapter 29. Stem Cells and Biotechnologies for Vertebral Augmentation Procedures
Volume 2
Chapter 30. Brow Lift
Chapter 31. Blepharoplasty
Chapter 32. Facelift
Chapter 33. Rhinoplasty
Chapter 34. Mastopexy
Chapter 35. Breast Augmentation
Chapter 36. Breast Reduction
Chapter 37. Liposuction
Chapter 38. Botulinum Toxin
Chapter 39. Facial Fillers
Chapter 40. Body Contouring Using Implant Prostheses
Chapter 41. Cosmetic Surgery in the Adolescent Patient
Chapter 42. Hand Rejuvenation
Chapter 43. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Chapter 44. Development of a Surgical Navigation System Based on 3D Slicer using Augmented Reality (AR) Technology
Chapter 45. Application of Navigation System in Bimaxillary Surgery
Chapter 46. Computer-assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery: Image-guided Interventions and Robotic Surgery
Chapter 47. Modified Methods Setting up the Spinal Navigation System
Chapter 48. Ultrasound Imaging for Robotic Orthopedic Surgery: A Survey
Chapter 49. Development of Scrub Nurse Robot (SNR) Systems for Laparoscopic Surgery
Chapter 50. T-Cell Shape Variation with Intra-cellular Ca2+ Concentration: A Joint Image and Shape Study
Volume 3
Chapter 51. Revisional Bariatric Surgery for Weight Regain: A Programmatic Approach
Chapter 52. Metabolic Failures and Bariatric Procedures
Chapter 53. Diagnostic Tools in Failed Bariatric Procedures
Chapter 54. Adjustable Gastric Band Failures
Chapter 55. Failed Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 56. Reoperations for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Failures
Chapter 57. Failed Minigastric Bypass: Surgical Strategies
Chapter 58. Surgical Procedures for Failure of Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS)
Chapter 59. Failed BPD
Chapter 60. History of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 61. Arterial and Venous Vascularisation of the Brain
Chapter 62. Neuropathology of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 63. Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 64. Risk Factors: Formation, Growth, Rupture
Chapter 65. Scales
Chapter 66. Symptoms, Extracranial Manifestations
Chapter 67. Admission, Diagnostic Imaging, Acute Hydrocephalus
Chapter 68. Endovascular Treatment of Aneurysms. Pre-, Peri- and Post- Interventional Management
Chapter 69. Aneurysms: Surgical Therapy
Chapter 70. Decompressive Craniectomy and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 71. Intensive Therapy I for SAH
Chapter 72. Neuroprotection: DCI, Vasospasm, Nimodipine
Chapter 73. Intensive Care: Monitoring
Chapter 74. Endovascular Treatment Options for Cerebral Vasospasm after Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 75. Chronic Hydrocephalus after Subarachnoid Haermorrhage
Chapter 76. Epileptic Seizures in Association with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 77. Neurorehabilitation after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 78. Cognitive Plasticity after Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 79. Health-Related Quality of Life following Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage as an Assessment Criterion for Therapeutic Outcome
Volume 4
Chapter 80. Experimental Models for the Study of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Chapter 81. Vascular Imaging
Chapter 82. The Role of Imaging in Colorectal Surgery
Chapter 83. The Role of Imaging in Breast Surgery
Chapter 84. The Role of Imaging in Neurosurgery
Chapter 85. The Role of Imaging in Parathyroid Surgery
Chapter 86. The Role of Imaging in Adrenal Surgery
Chapter 87. The Role of Imaging in Hepatobiliary Surgery
Chapter 88. The Role of Imaging in Pancreatic Surgery
Chapter 89. The Role of Imaging in Esophageal Surgery
Chapter 90. The Role of Imaging in Gastric Surgery
Chapter 91. The Role of Imaging in Urology
Chapter 92. The Role of Imaging in Plastic Surgery
Chapter 93. Wrist Fractures in Adults: What Should a Medical Student Know?
Chapter 94. Minimally Invasive Midface Lift using Absorbable Sutures with Cones: A Step by Step Procedure
Chapter 95. Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: New Updates and Refinements on a Well Established Technique
Chapter 96. New Materials and Techniques in General and Digestive Ambulatory Surgery
Chapter 97. Ambulatory Surgery: Anesthetic Management and Complications
Chapter 98. Ambulatory Surgery in Orthopaedics: Prevalence, Complications and Long-Term Outcomes
Chapter 99. Thyroid Goitres: Surgery for Large and Difficult Goitres
Volume 5
Chapter 100. Electrical Stimulation for Improving Physical Fitness Pre- and Postoperatively after Abdominal Surgery
Chapter 101. Scenario Based MCQs in Oral Surgery
Chapter 102. The Role of Surgery in the Treatment of OSAS
Chapter 103. Laparoscopic Surgery in Situs Inversus
Chapter 104. Management of Surgical Wounds Infections in Spine Surgery
Chapter 105. Historical Evolution of Conservative Surgery of Breast Cancer
Chapter 106. Surgery of Colorrectal Liver Metastases Involving the Inferior Vena Cava
Chapter 107. Multidisciplinary Approach to Gender Reassignment Surgery in a DSD 46XX Patient with Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Report
Chapter 108. Cerebrovascular Bypass Surgery in the Treatment of Brain Aneurysms
Chapter 109. Indocyanine Green Video-Angiography with Flow 800 Analysis: Applications in Neuro-Oncological Surgery
Chapter 110. The Application of Indocyanine Green Videoangiography as an Adjunct for Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery
Chapter 111. Current Trends in Functional Muscle Transfer to Improve Outcomes in Facial Reanimation Surgery
Chapter 112. The Role of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Pediatric Patients
Chapter 113. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Refractive Surgery
Chapter 114. Surgery in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Extra-Pleural Pneumonectomy – A Critical Appraisal
Chapter 115. Guided Tissue Regeneration in Maxillofacial Surgery
Chapter 116. How to Prevent Orthopedic Complications and Early Surgery in CP Children: Role of Botulinum Toxin Therapy
Chapter 117. Nutritional Care in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Perioperative Management of Patients with Cerebral Palsy Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Chapter 118. Single-Event Multilevel Orthopedic Surgery in Children with True Equinus Gait and Jump Knee Gait
Chapter 119. Distal Rectus Femoris Transfer as a Part of Single-Event Multilevel Orthopedic Surgery
Chapter 120. Single-Event Multilevel Orthopedic Surgery in CP Patients with Natural and Iatrogenic Crouch Gait
Chapter 121. Reconstructive Hip Surgery as a Part of Multilevel Surgery in Non-Ambulant CP Children. Hip Development after Reconstructive Surgery
Volume 6
Chapter 122. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: An Historical Perspective
Chapter 123. Indications, Contraindications, Decision Making and Informed Consent
Chapter 124. Palliative Considerations of Gastrostomy
Chapter 125. Preoperative Management
Chapter 126. Anesthesia for PEG Tube Placement
Chapter 127. Diagnostic Endoscopy During PEG
Chapter 128. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: The ‘Pull’ Technique
Chapter 129. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: The ‘Push’ Technique
Chapter 130. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Introducer Technique
Chapter 131. Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy
Chapter 132. PEG with Jejunal Extension Tube
Chapter 133. Alternative Gastric Access Methods: SLiC and PTEG
Chapter 134. ‘Assisted’ PEG Placement
Chapter 135. PEG and PEJ in the Post-Bariatric Surgery Patient
Chapter 136. Alternative Uses of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Chapter 137. Postoperative Management
Chapter 138. Prevention of Peristomal PEG Infection
Chapter 139. Acute Complications of PEG
Chapter 140. Chronic Complications of PEG
Chapter 141. Endoscopic Management of PEG Related Complications
Chapter 142. Gastric Bypass Surgery and the Skin
Chapter 143. Treating the Obese Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Post-Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 144. Gastrointestinal Hormones and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Chapter 145. Bariatric Surgery Alters Gut Metabolism: Role in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Resolution
Volume 7
Chapter 146. CT Scan and 3D Applications for Hip Surgery
Chapter 147. 3D Fluoroscopy and Its Applications in Hip Surgery
Chapter 148. MRI and 3D Applications for Hip Surgery
Chapter 149. A Virtual Model in Hip Preserving Surgery
Chapter 150. The Limits and Future of Collision Models
Chapter 151. 3D Customizing in Complex Primary Hip Replacement
Chapter 152. 3D Customizing in Revision Hip Replacement
Chapter 153. 3D Customizing in Oncologic Hip and Pelvic Surgery
Chapter 154. The Role of Surgical Resection in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Anatomic versus Parenchyma-Sparing Resection and Their Oncological Outcomes
Chapter 155. Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Indications and Benefits
Chapter 156. Post-Craniotomy Temporomandibular Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Chapter 157. Medical and Surgical Advances in Bronchoscopy
Chapter 158. Canine Fossa Puncture for the Management of Maxillary Sinusitis
Chapter 159. Complications and Their Management in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS)
Chapter 160. Surgical Corridors in the Transphenoidal Skull Base Surgery
Chapter 161. The Role of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 162. Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Following Distal Pancreatectomy
Chapter 163. Mininvasive Surgical Approach in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS)
Volume 8
Chapter 164. Powered Adenoidectomy
Chapter 165. Intracapsular Tonsillectomy: My Surgical Approach (Max M. April, MD, FAAP, FACS)
Chapter 166. Intracapsular Tonsillectomy: My Surgical Approach (Robert F. Ward, MD, FACS)
Chapter 167. Intracapsular Tonsillectomy: My Surgical Approach (John P. Bent, MD)
Chapter 168. Extracapsular Tonsillectomy in 2017
Chapter 169. Coblation Intracapsular Tonsillectomy
Chapter 170. The Results of Intracapsular vs. Extracapsular Tonsillectomy
Chapter 171. The Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Pain in Children
Chapter 172. Conclusions and Future Questions
Chapter 173. DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction: Technical Tips to Optimize Outcomes and Avoid Complications
Chapter 174. Effect of Radiotherapy on Implant-Based Immediate Breast Reconstruction with or without Acellular Collagen Matrix: Potential Strategies to Improve Outcome
Chapter 175. Patient Satisfaction Following Autologous or Heterologous Breast Reconstruction
Chapter 176. What Comes After a Free Flap Failure for Breast Reconstruction?
Chapter 177. Reconstruction of the Nipple-Areolar Complex
Chapter 178. Dealing with Complications After Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Chapter 179. Managing Complications in Free-Flap Breast Reconstruction
Chapter 180. The Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Metabolic Comorbidities
Chapter 181. The Left-Handed Sleeve Gastrectomy: The Technique to Avoid Postoperative Gastric Stenosis or Gastric Twist
Chapter 182. Weight Regain Following Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 183. The Utilisation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Programmes in Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 184. Laparoscopic Duodenojejunal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 185. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Paying Attention to the Detail
Volume 9
Chapter 186. Laparoscopic Experimental Surgery Models
Chapter 187. Experimental Models of Sepsis
Chapter 188. Bariatric Experimental Surgery Models
Chapter 189. Animal Models of Heart Failure
Chapter 190. Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Experimental Models
Chapter 191. Animal Models of Acute Graft-Versus-Host and Host-Versus-Graft Responses and Disease
Chapter 192. Microfluidic Devices and Micro-Dissected Tissue to Predict Therapeutic Response in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Chapter 193. Of Mice and Rats: Animal Models for Use in Laparoscopy and Laparotomy with Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Intraperitoneal Xenografts
Chapter 194. Organ Bioengineering through Decellularization and Recellularization Approaches
Chapter 195. Wound Healing and Scarring
Chapter 196. Organ Preservation
Chapter 197. Machine Organ Preservation
Chapter 198. Microcirculation
Chapter 199. Experimental Gene Therapy Using Naked DNA
Chapter 200. Robotic Surgery in Experimental Medicine
Volume 10
Chapter 201. History, Development and the Importance of Experimental Surgery
Chapter 202. The Discovery, Development and Patent Protection of New Drugs in Experimental and Clinical Research
Chapter 203. Ethical, Legal and Educational Issues in Experimental Surgery
Chapter 204. Veterinary Care and Management of Rodent and Large Animal Models in Transplantation Research
Chapter 205. Pre-Operative and Postoperative Care in Experimental Surgery
Chapter 206. Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance in Experimental Surgery
Chapter 207. Imagery Techniques in Experimental Surgery
Chapter 208. Telemetry Applications in Experimental Animals for Studying Human Diseases
Chapter 209. Small Animals as Experimental Models
Chapter 210. Large and Translational Animal Models in Experimental Surgery
Chapter 211. Cardiovascular Biomechanical Models
Chapter 212. Isolated Kidney Perfusion Models
Chapter 213. Isolated Liver Perfusion Systems
Chapter 214. Experimental Models of Cartilage Repair
Chapter 215. Experimental Models of Fracture Repair
Chapter 216. Experimental Solid Organ Transplantation in Small Animals
Chapter 217. Large Animal Models in Organ Transplantation
Chapter 218. Experimental Composite Tissues and Soft Tissues Transplantation
Chapter 219. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Animal Models
Chapter 220. Encapsulated Islet Transplantation: From Allogeneic to Xenogeneic Transplantation
Chapter 221. Hepatocyte Transplantation
Volume 11
Chapter 222. Preclinical Models of Decompressive Craniectomy: Lessons from Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and Other Disease Models
Chapter 223. Impaired Cerebral Energy Metabolism Following Traumatic Brain Injury Contributes to Poor Outcomes and Limits the Effectiveness of Decompressive Craniectomy
Chapter 224. Multimodal Monitoring in Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
Chapter 225. Decompressive Craniectomy: The Effects on Neurochemistry and Brain Oxygen Delivery
Chapter 226. Medical Management of Intracranial Hypertension and Indications for Secondary Decompressive Craniectomy
Chapter 227. Preoperative and Postoperative Nursing Care of Patients Undergoing Decompressive Craniectomy
Chapter 228. Decompressive Laparotomy to Treat Intracranial Hypertension and Multiple Compartment Syndrome
Chapter 229. Decompressive Craniectomy in Ischemic Stroke
Chapter 230. Decompressive Craniectomy in Diffuse Injury: Interpretation and Implications of the International DECRA Randomized Trial
Chapter 231. Decompressive Craniectomy for Refractory Posttraumatic Intracranial Hypertension: Interpretation and Implications of the International RESCUEicp Randomized Trial
Chapter 232. Outcome Following Decompressive Craniectomy for Managing High Intracranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Systematic Review
Chapter 233. Decompressive Craniectomy in Pediatric TBI
Chapter 234. Early Decompressive Craniectomy for Blast and Penetrating Brain Injury in War: Lessons for Civilian Surgeons
Chapter 235. Decompressive Craniectomy in Casualties from OIF and OEF: Management after Evacuation from the War Zone
Chapter 236. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Recommendations from the 2017 Fourth Edition
Chapter 237. Decompressive Craniectomy: Surgical Indications in Developed versus Developing Countries
Chapter 238. Timing and Technique of Cranioplasty
Chapter 239. Complications of Decompressive Craniectomy
Chapter 240. Decompressive Craniectomy: Prognosis and Communication with Patient Families
Chapter 241. Ethical Considerations in Decompressive Craniectomy
Chapter 242. The Prognostic Value of Traumatic Brainstem Injury on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review
Volume 12
Chapter 243. Robotic Portal Lung Resection
Chapter 244. Robotic-Assisted Mediastinal Mass Resection
Chapter 245. Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Chapter 246. Fundamental Approaches and Challenges to Benign Esophageal Robotic Surgery
Chapter 247. Robotic Mitral Valve Replacement and Repair
Chapter 248. Robotic Coronary Revascularization
Chapter 249. Robotic Approaches for Rectal Cancer
Chapter 250. Robotic-Assisted Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair
Chapter 251. Robotic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
Chapter 252. Robotic-Assisted Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 253. Robotic Urologic Surgery for Benign Disease
Chapter 254. Robotic Surgery for Urologic Malignancies
Chapter 255. Applications of Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Urogynecology
Chapter 256. Robotic Surgery: Clinical Perceptions, Approaches, and Challenges in Gynecologic Oncology
Chapter 257. Transoral Robotic Surgery: Treatment of Head and Neck Disease
Chapter 258. Robotic Surgery: Evolution, Challenges and the Future
Chapter 259. Robotic Surgery in Benign Gynecology
Volume 13
Chapter 260. Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 261. Thromboembolic Prophylaxis
Chapter 262. Antiemetic Prophylaxis
Chapter 263. Nutritional Prophylaxis: Weight Loss for the Reduction of Surgical Risk
Chapter 264. Prophylaxis of Postoperative Cholelithiasis
Chapter 265. Prophylactic Measures to Reduce Staple Line Leaks and Bleeding
Chapter 266. Postoperative Ileus Prophylaxis: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS)
Chapter 267. Prophylaxis of Stress Ulcers, Anastomotic Ulcers and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Chapter 268. Postoperative Pain Prophylaxis and Management
Chapter 269. The Use of Prophylactic Mesh in Open and Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 270. Prophylaxis of Internal Hernias
Chapter 271. Epidemiology of Surgical Site Infection
Chapter 272. Adequate Nutritional Support for the Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infection
Chapter 273. Preoperative Bath and Shave
Chapter 274. Mechanical Bowel Preparation
Chapter 275. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Chapter 276. Hands and Skin Preparation
Chapter 277. Hyperoxygenation, Hypothermia Prevention, Normoglycemia and Normovolemia
Chapter 278. Adhesives and Wound Protectors
Chapter 279. Wound Irrigation
Chapter 280. Topical Intraperitoneal Irrigation
Chapter 281. Prophylactic Vacuum Therapy
Chapter 282. Antimicrobial Sutures
Chapter 283. Wound Cover: Topical Antibiotics or Antiseptics
Volume 14
Chapter 284. Clinical Examination, Imaging and Basic Surgical Techniques
Chapter 285. Aortic Arch and Supraaortic Branches
Chapter 286. Descending and Thoracoabdominal Aorta
Chapter 287. Abdominal Aorta, Iliac and Splanchnic Arteries
Chapter 288. Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
Chapter 289. Peripheral Arterial Disease: Upper Extremity Artery Disease, Lower Extremity Artery Disease, Acute Limb Ischemia
Chapter 290. Vascular Trauma
Chapter 291. Vascular Access for Hemodialysis, Venous Insufficiency, and Its Treatment
Chapter 292. Complications and Recovery in Vascular Surgery
Volume 15
Chapter 293. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 294. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding
Chapter 295. Laparoscopic Nissen-Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 296. Laparoscopic Roux-En Y Gastric Bypass with Linear Stapled Anastomoses
Chapter 297. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Circular Anastomosis
Chapter 298. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass with Hand-Sewn Gastrojejunal Anastomosis
Chapter 299. Laparoscopic Mini-Gastric Bypass
Chapter 300. Laparoscopic One-Anastomosis Gastric bypass (OAGB-BAGUA)
Chapter 301. Laparoscopic Duodenal Switch
Chapter 302. Laparoscopic Biliopancreatic Diversion
Volume 16
Chapter 303. Introduction to NAFLD and NASH: Etiopathogenesis
Chapter 304. Epidemiology and Relevance of NASH in Patients with Morbid Obesity
Chapter 305. Fatty Liver Development: Imbalance between Acquisition and Removal of Lipids
Chapter 306. Histopathology of NAFLD and NASH
Chapter 307. Liver Biopsy as the “Gold Standard” in NASH Diagnosis
Chapter 308. Conventional Imaging Tests for the Evaluation of NASH
Chapter 309. MR Spectroscopy and Quantification of Intrahepatocitary Lipid Content
Chapter 310. Biochemical Markers
Chapter 311. Evolution of Liver Steatosis after Sleeve Gastrectomy
Chapter 312. Liver Steatosis and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
Chapter 313. Liver Steatosis Regression after One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass
Chapter 314. SADI-S: Characteristics and Results of a Novel Bariatric Surgery Technique. The Role in NAFLD and NASH
Chapter 315. Simultaneous Liver Transplantation and Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 316. Non-Surgical Treatment of NASH: The Other Options
Volume 17
Chapter 317. The Use of Groin Flap for Upper Extremity Coverage in Electrical Burn Patients: Evidence-Based Case Reports
Chapter 318. Autopsy of Aortic Dissection after TEVAR Installation: A Case Report
Chapter 319. Rare Occurrence of Secondary Extracranial Sinonasal Meningioma: A Case Report
Chapter 320. Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in a Critically Ill Patient with Acute Pancreatitis
Chapter 321. Preoperative Therapeutic Plasma Exchange with Hypofibrinogenemia Complication in Abo-Incompatible Living Donor Kidney Transplantation
Chapter 322. Symmetrical Bilateral Keystone Perforator Island Flaps for Vulvar Reconstruction after Oncological Resection: A Case Report
Chapter 323. Reconstruction of Auricle after Wide Excision of Giant Multiple Congenital Melanocytic Nevus of the Ear: A Rare Case Report
Chapter 324. Deviated Nose in a Patient with Parry–Romberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Chapter 325. Use of Nasolabial and Nasal Septal Flaps for Unilateral Lower-Third Nasal Defects
Chapter 326. Supernumerary Nostril: A Rare Congenital Anomaly
Chapter 327. Objective Measures in Functional Septorhinoplasty: Two Case Reports of Nasal Form and Nasal Valve Reconstruction
Chapter 328. The Role of Voice Therapy in Reducing Voice-Related Symptoms in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Evaluated by Reflux Symptom Index, Voice Handicap Index, and Laryngovideostroboscopy
Chapter 329. Maxillary Fibrous Dysplasia Reconstruction after Maxillectomy
Chapter 330. Cleft Palate with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: A Case Report
Chapter 331. Tongue Edema after Palatoplasty: A Case Report
Chapter 332. Non-Syndromic Unilateral Tessier No. 3 Facial Cleft: A Rare Congenital Disease
Chapter 333. Outcomes of Resection Arthrodesis for Knee Malignancies
Chapter 334. Total Sacrectomy and Spinopelvic Reconstruction of Sacrococcygeal Chordoma
Chapter 335. Low Back and Leg Pain Induced by Dural Scar Formation after Laminectomy for Lumbar Canal Stenosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Chapter 336. Functional and Radiological Outcomes in Patients with Spondylitis Tuberculosis and Kyphotic Deformity Treated Using a Two-Stage Correction Procedure: A Case Series
Chapter 337. Management of Neglected Conus Medullaris Syndrome with Lumbar Canal Stenosis
Chapter 338. Anterior Innominate Osteotomy for Closure of Neglected Bladder Exstrophy: A Report of Two Cases and a Brief Review of the Literature
Chapter 339. Successful Treatment of Fracture at the Base of the Proximal Phalanx Using Extra-Articular Percutaneous K-Wiring with the Consideration of Safe Portals: A Case Report
Chapter 340. The Role of Acupuncture in a Breast Cancer Patient with Cancer-Induced Bone Pain
Chapter 341. A Rare Case of cd8-Negative Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma
Chapter 342. A Rare Case of Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chapter 343. Rare Case of Myelolipomatous Metaplasia within an Adrenocortical Adenoma
Chapter 344. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a BCR-ABL1 1-Positive Patient with Pancytopenia and Excessive Fibrosis
Chapter 345. Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report
Chapter 346. Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case with Unique Morphological Features
Chapter 347. Invasive Breast Carcinoma Mimicking Secretory Carcinoma: A Case Report
Chapter 348. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Unusual Nodular Pattern
Chapter 349. Pitfalls in the Histopathological Diagnosis of Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chapter 350. Primary Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Proximal Right Tibia: A Rare Case Report
Chapter 351. Secondary Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone: A Case Report and Rare Experience
Chapter 352. Segmental Absence of Intestinal Musculature: Case Report of a Rare Cause of Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction
Chapter 353. Hemangioma-Like Vessels in the Resection Margin of Giant Hemangiomas of the Liver as a Possible Cause of Recurrence: A Case Series and Literature Review
Chapter 354. 46, XX Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development, Histopathological View: Report of a Rare Case
Volume 18
Chapter 355. A 56-Year-Old Woman with an Elevated Parathormone Level after the Surgery for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Chapter 356. Epilepsy Surgery and Technical Aspects of Invasive Monitoring
Chapter 357. Perioperative Visual Loss After Spine Surgery
Chapter 358. Surgery for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Chapter 359. Surgery for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Chapter 360. Surgery for Distal Cholangiocarcinoma
Chapter 361. Intraocular Surgery in Kyphosis
Chapter 362. Surgery of Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis
Chapter 363. Palliative Hip Surgery in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
Chapter 364. Application to Cardiovascular Surgery
Chapter 365. Transfusion Practices in Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 366. Foregut Surgery
Chapter 367. Small Bowel Surgery
Chapter 368. Colon Surgery
Chapter 369. Complications of Surgery
Chapter 370. Assessment of Ovarian Reserve before and after Gynecologic Surgery
Chapter 371. Follow-Up after Treatment of Localized Renal Tumor (Surgery, Surveillance, Ablative Therapies)
Chapter 372. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Chapter 373. Surgery for Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Chapter 374. Vascular Anatomy of the Sellar Region, and Complications during Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Volume 19
Chapter 375. Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas Guided by Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (iMRI)
Chapter 376. Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Chapter 377. Erectile Function after Female-to-Male Transsexual Surgery
Chapter 378. Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Spinal Cord Stimulation
Chapter 379. Complication Avoidance and Revision Surgery
Chapter 380. Efficacy of Post-Operative Oral Tramadol and Diclofenac Sodium on Pain Relief Following Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Double Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Chapter 381. Management of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Related Disorders
Chapter 382. Hemodynamic Complications Associated with Prone Positioning in Lumbar Spinal Surgery
Chapter 383. Open Surgery in the Osteoporotic Spine
Chapter 384. Principles of Fracture Fixation in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Chapter 385. Surgery in Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures
Chapter 386. Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: An Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 387. The Role of Navigation in Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Chapter 388. Splenectomy as Part of Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Stage and Relapsed Ovarian Cancer
Chapter 389. Liver Surgery in Ovarian Cancer Liver Metastases
Chapter 390. Best Practice in Informed Consent in Oral Surgery
Chapter 391. Zinc Deficiency after Bariatric Surgery: Etiology, Health Implications and Management
Chapter 392. Mechanisms of Zinc Deficiency and its Clinical Significance after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 393. The Perception of the Body: Quantitative Methods for Self-Evaluation of the Body in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
Chapter 394. Leadership, Ethics, and the Adoption of Evidence Based Medicine among Leaders of Internal Medicine and Surgery
Chapter 395. Application of da Vinci® Robot in General Surgery: A Cost Assessment
Chapter 396. Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Wound Healing, Anti-Aging, and Plastic Surgery
Volume 20
Chapter 397. Speedy and Easy Techniques in Facial Palsy Surgery
Chapter 398. Setting up a Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery Program
Chapter 399. CT Imaging and Echocardiography for Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 400. Anaesthesia and Fast-Tracking in Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 401. Cannulation and Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass for Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 402. Mini-Sternotomy Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 403. Mini-Thoracotomy Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 404. Re-operative Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 405. Totally Endoscopic and Robotically-Enhanced Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Surgery
Chapter 406. Rapid Deployment Aortic Valves and Minimally Invasive Surgery
Chapter 407. Minimally Invasive Aortic Surgery
Chapter 408. The Effects of Dexamethasone in Pre and Post Operative Surgery
Chapter 409. Quality of Life Changes Relevant to Extent of Thyroid Surgery
Chapter 410. Biological Characteristics, Clinical Classification, and Spasm of Arterial Grafts and Antispastic Management in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
Chapter 411. Cardio Thoracic Surgery Approach to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Implant Techniques, Advantages and Limitations
Chapter 412. Surgical Strategies to Push up Resection Limits in Liver Disease and Liver Failure after Surgery
Chapter 413. Minimally Invasive Craniosynostosis Surgery
Chapter 414. Raising the Bar on Pterygium Surgery
Chapter 415. Relevance of C Reactive Protein Levels in Morbidly Obese Patients and after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 416. Polytetrafluoroethylene Patches for Shoulder Surgery
Chapter 417. Anaesthesia for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 418. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 419. Cannulation and Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass for Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 420. Mini-Sternotomy Mitral Valve Surgery
Volume 21
Chapter 421. Totally Endoscopic Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 422. Robotic Assisted Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 423. Redo Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 424. Valve Repair Techniques in Minimally Invasive Mitral Surgery
Chapter 425. Minimally Invasive Tricuspid Valve and AF Ablation Surgery
Chapter 426. Contemporary Results in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Chapter 427. Echocardiographic Predictors of Early Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients
Chapter 428. Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Mucinous Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 429. Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliative Glaucoma: From Genetics to Surgery
Chapter 430. IgG4-related Sclerosing Cholangitis in the Early Postoperative Period after Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery: Screening using Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography and Serum IgG4 Values
Chapter 431. The Impact of Social Media in Medicine: An Examination of Orthopaedic Surgery
Chapter 432. Quality of Life Changes Relevant to Extent of Thyroid Surgery
Chapter 433. Robotic Surgery for Prostate Cancer: Functional and Oncological Outcomes in a Last Generation Referral Center
Chapter 434. Intrathecal Baclofen Pumps in Spinal Deformity and Orthopedic Surgery
Chapter 435. Conservation Surgery: Open Partial Laryngectomy
Chapter 436. Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Weight and Diabetes
Chapter 437. Bariatric Surgery: Postoperative Complications
Chapter 438. Food Choices after Bariatric Surgery: Are There Changes in Oral Medium Characteristics and Food Perception?
Chapter 439. Integrative Virtual Reality Therapy Produces Lasting Benefits for a Young Woman Suffering from Chronic Pain and Depression Post Cancer Surgery: A Case Study
Chapter 440. Is Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy Feasible in Patients with Previous Ipsilateral Thyroid Surgery?
Volume 22
Chapter 441. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery: The Selection of Tests and Statistical Issues
Chapter 442. Current Anesthesia Concepts in Strabismus Surgery
Chapter 443. Brain Mapping and Neuro-Monitoring in Low Grade Glioma Surgery: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Chapter 444. The Effects of Lipoic Acid on Wound Healing in a Uterine Injury Rat Model: Clinical Perspectives in Obstetric Surgery
Chapter 445. Sex Differences in Terms of Eating Behaviors, Biological and Psychological Features: A Review in the Bariatric Surgery Population
Chapter 446. The Lean Six Sigma Methodology: Applications in Thoracic Surgery
Chapter 447. Mechanical Ventilation in Patients after Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 448. Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 449. The Effects of Exercise Programs on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 450. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Detect Cerebral Ischemia during Carotid Surgery
Chapter 451. Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesic Schemes in Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 452. Multimodal Analgesia and Adjuvant Analgesic Treatment in Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 453. Implications of Laparoscopic Approach on Postoperative Pain after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 454. Peritoneal Lavage and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery
Chapter 455. Prophylaxis of Deep-Vein Thrombosis in Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 456. Anesthetic Considerations in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Chapter 457. Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Arrhythmias
Chapter 458. Aviation and Cardiac Surgery: Review of Their Relationships. Implication on Complexity Theory and Ethical Considerations
Chapter 459. The Early History of Treatment of Keratoconus by Surgery
Chapter 460. The Retrosigmoid Approach: From the Microsurgical Anatomy to the Surgery
Chapter 461. Facial Nerve Restoration after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Index

Encyclopedia of Surgery organizes researchers from around the world in surgery and related disciplines and maintains an up-to-date reference work for readers worldwide.