Clinical Neurovirology

Preface

Acknowledgments

Editors

Contributors

PART I. INTRODUCTION: EPIDEMIOLOGY, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT, AND CHALLENGES AHEAD

1. Introduction to virus structure, classification, replication, and hosts

Philippe Simon and Kevin M. Coombs

2. Neuropathogenesis of viral infections

Avindra Nath and Joseph R. Berger

3. An approach to pathogen discovery for viral infections of the nervous system

Prashanth S. Ramachandran and Michael R. Wilson

4. Neuropathology of CNS viral infections and the role of brain biopsy in the diagnosis

Susan Morgello

PART II. DNA VIRUSES

5. Herpes simplex viruses

Israel Steiner and Felix Benninger

6. Varicella zoster virus infection

Don Gilden, Randall J. Cohrs, Dallas Jones, and Maria A. Nagel

7. Epstein–Barr virus and the nervous system

Alexandros C. Tselis, Kumar Rajamani, and Pratik Bhattacharya

8. Cytomegalovirus

Joseph R. Berger

9. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Eric M. L. Williamson and Joseph R. Berger

10. Adenovirus

Jennifer McGuire and Joseph R. Berger

PART III. RETROVIRUSES

11. HIV neurological complications

Alessandro Fois and Bruce Brew

12. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

Shila Azodi and Steven Jacobson

PART IV. RNA VIRUSES

13. Rabies and other lyssaviruses

Thiravat Hemachudha, Jiraporn Laothamatas, and Henry Wilde

14. Neurological manifestations of West Nile virus

Daniel E. Smith, J. David Beckham, Daniel M. Pastula, and Kenneth L. Tyler

15. Chikungunya virus and Japanese encephalitis virus

Jennifer L. Lyons

16. Arthropod-borne virus encephalitis

Joseph R. Berger

17. Enteroviruses

Karen Straube-West and Burk Jubelt

18. Measles and its neurological complications

Benedikt Weissbrich and Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies

19. Rubella

Avindra Nath

20. Influenza neurologic complications

Larry E. Davis and Jennifer R. Plourde

21. Nipah encephalitis, a fatal encephalitis with bats as reservoir

Chong-Tin Tan and Kum-Thong Wong

PART V. MISCELLANEOUS

22. Von Economo’s encephalitis

Joseph R. Berger

23. Neurological events following immunizations

James J. Sejvar

24. Central nervous system viral infections complicating immunosuppression

Amy A. Pruitt

25. Post-viral syndromes

Anusha K. Yeshokumar, Eliza Gordon-Lipkin, and Brenda Banwell

26. Viral neuro-oncogenesis: Polyomaviruses and brain tumors

Martyn K. White, Sidney E. Croul, and Kamel Khalili

27. Autoimmune disorders that can be mistaken for viral illness

Maxwell Greene and Eric Lancaster

28. Antiviral therapeutics for viral infections of the central nervous system

Richard Whitley

29. Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections

Avindra Nath and Joseph R. Berger

Index

This is a comprehensive reference that includes the basic science, clinical features, imaging, pathology and treatment of specific viral entities affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It will assist professionals in their attempt to identify, examine and manage viral CNS infections and unravel the therapeutic and diagnostic challenges associated with viral CNS disorders.

• Features MRI scans, histopathology and lined diagrams showing pathophysiology
• Much has happened in our understanding of CNS infections in recent years and a comprehensive book that covers the entire subject is much needed.
• There is ongoing interest in infectious disease. The increasing globalization of medicine is putting demands on many more people to become familiar with issues from around that world that they did not see in training.

Avindra Nath
Dr. Nath is the Chief of the Section of Infections of the Nervous System at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. He was previously Professor in the Department of Neurology and Director of the Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections at Johns Hopkins University. His career has been dedicated to studying the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology and developing treatment for brain infections since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. He has traveled to several countries to study these infections including Liberia during the Ebola epidemic. He teaches medical students, residents and clinical fellows on CNS infections for which he has received several teaching awards. He frequently talks at grand rounds, seminars and conferences around the world on viral infections of the brain and has been teaching courses on viral encephalitis at the American Academy of Neurology for over 20 years. His laboratory research is focused mainly on retroviral infections particularly HIV infection. More recently, his laboratory is studying the pathophysiology of Ebola and Zika viruses. He is the past President of the International Society of Neurovirology (ISNV) and an elected member of the Association of American Physicians. He is the recipient of the Pioneer award from the ISNV and the Wybran award from the Society of Neuroimmune Pharmacology.

Joseph R. Berger
Dr. Berger, M.D., is Professor of Neurology and Associate Chief of the Multiple Sclerosis Division of the Department of Neurology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. His career has been dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and investigation of neuroinfectious and neuroinflammatory disorders. His foray into neuroinfectious diseases started with the investigation of the neurological complications of HIV/AIDS while at the University of Miami at the inception of the AIDS pandemic and an endowment there established the Whigham-Berger Endowed Chair, the first endowed chair for the study of the neurological complications of HIV/AIDS. Dr. Berger continued his research in HIV and PML while at the University of Kentucky where he was Chairman of the Department of Neurology from 1995 to 2013. With Dr. Robert Levy, he co-founded and co-chaired the international Neuroscience of HIV conference. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Neurology and the American Neurological Association. Among his many awards are the Pioneer Award from the International Society of Neurovirology and the Distinguished Teaching Award from the American Neurological Association.