Childhood Obesity. Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches

Description

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and continues to increase in prevalence in almost all countries in which it has been studied, including developed anddeveloping countries around the globe. The causes of obesity are complex and multi-factorial. Childhood obesity becomes a life-long problem in most cases and is associated with long term chronicdisease risk for a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as psychosocial as issues and obesity seems to affect almost everyorgan system in the body. 

In recent years there has been tremendous progress in the understanding of this problem and in strategies for prevention and treatment in the pediatric years.Childhood Obesity: Causes,Consequences, and Intervention Approachespresents current reviews on the complex problem of obesity from the multi-level causes throughout early life before adulthood and the implications forthis for long-term disease risk. It reviews numerous types of strategies that have been used to address this issue from conventional clinical management to global policy strategies attempting tomodify the global landscape of food, nutrition, and physical activity. Each chapter is written by a global authority in his or her respective field with a focus on reviewing the current status and recentdevelopments.

The book features information on contributing factors to obesity, including developmental origins, social/family, birth cohort studies, influence of ethnicity, and global perspectives. It takes a life-course approach to the subject matter and includes exhaustive treatment of contributing factors to childhood obesity, such as assessment, environmental factors, nutrition and dietary factors, hostfactors, interventions and treatment, consequences, and further action for future prevention. This broad range of topics relevant to the rapidly changing field of childhood obesity is suitable forstudents, health care professionals, physicians, and researchers.

Features

• Providescomprehensive and succinctsummaries of a broadrange of topicsrelevant to therapidlychangingfield of childhoodobesity.
• Includescomprehensivereviewsonvariousnutritionalfactorsrelated to pediatricobesity, such as mealtiming, portionsizes, dietarysugars, eatingbehavior, and foodrewards.
• Addressesmulti-facetedaspects of the causes and consequences of obesity.
• Providesinformationonnumerousenvironmentalfactors, includingobesogens, air pollution and lungfunction, social networks, builtenvironment, and economicfactors.
• Discusseshealthconsequences of childhoodobesity, includinginsulinresistance and type 2 diabetes, metabolicsyndrome, fattyliver, and cardiovascular effects.

Contents

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS

Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity and Associated Risk Factors: An Overview 
Alison E. Field

Racial and Ethnic Disparities In Prevalence And Risk Factors For ChildhoodObesity 
Claudia Toledo-Coral

Global Perspectives Of Childhood Obesity: Prevalence, Contributing Factors and Prevention
Youfa Wang

Economic Considerations in Childhood Obesity
John Cawley and Ashlesha Datar

Assessment of Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Infants, Children and Adolescents
Elizabeth M Widen and Dympna Gallagher

NUTRITIONAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CHILDHOOD OBESITY

The Influence Of Daily Eating Patterns On Weight Status: A Review Of The Evidence On Breakfast Consumption, Snacking, And Eating Frequency
Stacy A. Blondin and Christina D. Economos

Portion sizes in Childhood Obesity
Katherine Keller, Tanja Kral and Jennifer Fisher

Role Of Satiety Responsiveness In Childhood Obesity
Myles S Faith, SUNY Buffalo and Adam C Danley

Food Reward and Appetite Regulation in Children
Kathleen A Page

Food Reinforcement and Childhood Obesity
Katelyn A Carr, Tinuke Oluyomi Daniel, and Leonard H Epstein

Breastfeeding And Infant Obesity
David Fields

INDIVIDUAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AND/OR ASSOCIATED WITH CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Prenatal Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity
Suzanne Phelan & Alison Ventura, California Polytechnic State University. San Luis Obispo, CA

Genetics of Childhood Obesity
Sani M. Roy, Patrick C. Hanley, Jennifer Kelley, Shana E. McCormack and Struan F.A. Grant

Childhood Obesity - Epigenetic Factors
Keith M Godfrey, Karen A. Lillycrop and Robert Murray

Parent and Family-Level Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity
Kyung E Rhee and Kerri N Boutelle

Social Networks and Childhood Obesity
Kayla de la Haye and Sarah-Jeanne Salvy

Role of the Built Environment in Childhood Obesity
Deborah Cohen

Influence of Stress On Obesity Development In Children
Sydney O’Connor, Eleanor Tate and Genevieve Fridlund Dunton

Early Toxicant Exposures and Development Of Obesity In Childhood
Yun Liu and Karen E Peterson

Impact of Environmental Obesogens: Focus on Mechanisms Linking to Childhood Obesity
Bassem M Shoucri and Bruce Blumberg

Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Development of Childhood Obesity
Christopher Mullan and Jacob E Friedman

Adipose Tissue Development
Michael E Symonds, Shalini Ojha and Helen Budge

BEHAVIORAL AND METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Self-Esteem And Quality Of Life In Childhood Obesity
Andrew Hill

Childhood Obesity: Implications for Neurocognitive Functioning
Ashley A Martin, Sara L Hargrave and Terry L Davidson

Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in Pediatric Populations
Nicola Santoro and Sonia Caprio

Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease – Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Emerging Therapeutics
Elizabeth L. Yu, MD, Kimberly P. Newton, MD, Jonathan A. Africa, MD and Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, MD

Sleep Outcomes and Childhood Obesity
Kristie R Ross and Susan Redline

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY

Family-Based Behavioral Treatment for Childhood Obesity
Dorothy J. Van Buren, Katherine N. Balantekin, Sara D. McMullin, and Denise E. Wilfley

Advances in Pharmacological Treatment of Pediatric Obesity
Ovidiu A. Galescu and Jack A. Yanovski

Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Obesity
Andrew James Beamish and Torsten Olbers

Physical Activity Interventions for Treatment and Prevention of Childhood Obesity
Bernard Gutin, and Scott Owens

Life Course Approach to the Prevention of Childhood Obesity
Regien Biesma and Mark Hanson

Early Life Interventions for Childhood Obesity Prevention
Paige K Berger and Leann L Birch

Home/Family-Based Strategies for Prevention of Obesity in Infancy and Early Childhood
Sarah-Jeanne Salvy and Kayla de la Haye

Community and School-Based Interventions for Childhood Obesity
Noe C. Crespo and John P Elder

Targeting Reduction in Consumption of Added Sugars for Addressing Childhood Obesity: Translating Research to Clinical Practice
Cara B Ebbeling and Melissa Gallagher Landry

Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Childrenand Youth
Micah L Olson and Gabriel Q Shaibi

Use of Mobile Health Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity
Cheng K Fred Wen, Brooke Bell and Donna Spruijt-Metz

Complementary and Integrative Health Strategies for Addressing Childhood Obesity
Marc Weigensberg

PUBLIC HEALTH AND POLICY BASED INTERVENTIONS

Food Advertising and Marketing Issues Relevant to Childhood Obesity
Tim Lobstein

Connecting the Dots: Translating Systems Thinking into Innovative Solutions for Childhood Obesity
Terry T-K Huang and Emily B Ferris

Food Policy for Childhood Obesity Prevention: A Global Policy Perspective
Alanna Soupen, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Hillary Tolley and Boyd Swinburn