Thyroid Cancer. A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management

Description

Thoroughly revised and extensively expanded, this encyclopedic, highly acclaimed title addresses all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, initial treatment and long-term management of all varieties of thyroid cancer. Expertly edited by Drs. Leonard Wartofsky and Douglas Van Nostrand, this gold standard reference is divided into 11 Parts: General Considerations on Thyroid Cancer; General Considerations on Nuclear Medicine; the Thyroid Nodule; Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer; Variants of Thyroid Cancer, Undifferentiated Tumors: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma; Undifferentiated Tumors: Thyroid Lymphoma; Undifferentiated Tumors: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer; New Frontiers and Future Directions; and Additional Resources. With exceptional breadth and depth, the book includes chapters dedicated to isotopes, isotope uptake and scanning procedures such as SPECT/CT, radioiodine ablation (with or without recombinant human TSH), stunning, dosimetry (with or without recombinant human TSH), Octreotide and FDG-PET scanning and other alternative imaging modalities.

There is a valuable reference atlas of scan images and illustrations, and a scholarly summary of the side effects of radioiodine and how to avoid or minimize adverse effects of treatment. In addition to an updated section on ultrasonography of the thyroid gland, new sections have been added, including ones on ultrasonography of cervical lymph nodes and imaging for thyroid cancer employing computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An indispensable reference source with chapters written by the field's leading authoritative experts, Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide to Clinical Management, Third Edition, will be of great interest to not only pathologists, endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and oncologists but all clinicians with an interest in thyroid cancer.

Contents

PART I. General Considerations I : THYROID CANCER 1 Anatomy and Physiology of the thyroid gland: Clinical Correlates to Thyroid Cancer 2 Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer 3 Molecular Pathogenesis of Thyroid Cancer & Oncogenes in Thyroid Cancer 4 Molecular Aspects of Thyroid Cancer in Children 5 The Role of Genetics in the Development of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer 6 Apoptosis in Thyroid Cancer 7 Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer 8 Classification of Thyroid Malignancies 9 Staging of Thyroid Cancer 10 Recombinant human Thyrotropin (Thyrogen(R)) PART II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS II: NUCLEAR MEDICINE 11 Radioiodine Whole Body Imaging 12 Primer and Atlas for the Interpretation of Radioiodine Whole-Body Scintigraphy 13 False-Positive Radioiodine-131 scans in Thyroid Cancer 14 The Utility of SPECT-CT in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 15 Radioiodine scintigraphy with SPECT/CT: an important diagnostic tool for staging and risk stratification. 16 Stunning by 131I scanning: Untoward Effect of 131I Thyroid Imaging Prior to Radioablation Therapy 17 Stunning is Not a Problem 18 Stunning: Does it Exist? A Commentary 19 To Perform or Not to Perform Radioiodine Scans Prior to 131I Remnant Ablation? PART III. THE THYROID NODULE 20 The Thyroid Nodule: Evaluation, Risk of Malignancy, and Management 21 Fine-Needle Aspiration 22 Diagnostic and Prognostic Molecular Markers in Thyroid Cancer 23 Ultrasonic Imaging of the Thyroid Gland 24 Radionuclide Imaging of Thyroid Nodules 25 18F Fluoro-deoxyglucose PET and Thyroid Nodules 26 Thyroid Nodules and Cancer Risk: Surgical Management 27 Thyroid Nodules in Children and Cancer Risk 28 Management of the Thyroid Nodule: A Comparison Of Published International Guidelines PART IV. WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER A: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA: PRESENTATION 29 Papillary Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects 30 Papillary Microcarcinoma 31 Surgical Approach to Papillary Thyroid Cancer 32 Papillary Carcinoma: Cytology and Pathology B. INITIAL MANAGEMENT 33 Remnant Ablation, Adjuvant Treatment and Treatment of Locoregional Metastases with 131I 34 Thyroid Remnant Radioiodine Ablation with Recombinant Human Thyrotropin C. SURVEILLANCE 35 Follow-up Strategy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer 36 Thyroid Hormone Therapy and Thyrotropin Suppression 37 Thyroglobulin for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Measurement and Interferences 38 Thyroglobulin Antibodies and Their Measurement 39 Diagnosis of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies 40 Ultrasound of the neck lymph nodes 41 Surveillance Radioiodine Whole Body Scans 42 Radionuclide Imaging and Treatment of Children with Thyroid Cancer 43 Positron Emission Tomography-/Computed Tomography (PET-CT and PET) in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 44 Alternative Thyroid Imaging 45 MR and CT Imaging of Thyroid Cancer 46 Thyroglobulin in Lymph Node Aspirate 47 Management of the Patients with Negative Radioiodine Scan and Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin 48 Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer 49 Surgical Management of Lymph Node Metastases 50 Utility of Second Surgery for Lymph Node Metastases 51 Papillary Cancer Special Aspects in Children 52 Special Presentations of Thyroid Cancer in Thyrotoxicosis, Renal Failure, and Struma Ovarii 53 Thyroglossal Duct Carcinoma 54 Thyroid Cancer in Pregnancy D. TREATMENT 55 Radiation and Radioactivity 56 131I Treatment of Distant Metastases 57 Treatment of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer with Radioiodine following preparation by Recombinant Human Thyrotopin 58 Dosimetrically-Determined Prescribed Activity of 131I for the Treatment of Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma 59 Simplified Methods of Dosimetry 60 Radioiodine Dosimetry with Recombinant human Thyrotropin 61 The Use of Lithium as an Adjuvant to Radioiodine In the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer 62 Side Effects of 131I for Therapy of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma 63 Radiation Therapy in Papillary Carcinoma 64 Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer: General Principles 65 Bone Metastases from Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma 66 A Summary of Rare Sites of Metastasis Secondary to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 67 Adjunctive Local Approaches to Thyroid Nodules and Metastatic Thyroid Cancer 68 Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer: Restoring Response to Radioiodine Therapy 69 Alternative and Complementary Treatment of Thyroid Disorders PART V. WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA 70 Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma 71 Surgical Management of Follicular Cancer 72 Pathology of Follicular Cancer 73 Hurthle Cell Carcinoma 74 Follow-Up Strategy in Follicular Thyroid Cancer 75 Radionuclide Imaging and 131I Therapy in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma 76 PET/CT in Follicular Cancer Including Hurthle Cell Cancer 77 Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Special Aspects in Children and Adolescents 78 External Radiation Therapy of Follicular Carcinoma 79 Determinants of Prognosis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma PART VI. VARIANTS OF THYROID CANCER 80 Aggressive Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma 81 Miscellaneous and Unusual Tumors of the Thyroid Gland 82 Pathology of Miscellaneous and Unusual Tumors of the Thyroid Gland PART VII. UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMORS: MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA 83 Clinical Aspects of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 84 Cytology and Pathology of Medullary Carcinoma 85 Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Surgical Management 86 Radionuclide Imaging of Medullary Carcinoma 87 PET/CT in Medullary Thyroid Cancer 88 Radiation Therapy in Medullary Cancer 89 Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Chemotherapy 90 A Comparison of the ATA, NCCN, ETA, and BTA Guidelines for the Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer PART VIII. UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMORS: THYROID LYMPHOMA 91 Thyroid Lymphoma 92 Pathology of Lymphoma of the Thyroid 93 PET/CT in Lymphoma and Lymphoma of the Thyroid PART IX. UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMORS: ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER 94 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects 95 Surgical Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma 96 Pathology of Anaplastic Carcinoma 97 PET/CT in Anaplastic Cancer of the Thyroid 98 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer 99 Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer 100 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognosis PART X. NEW FRONTIERS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 101 Advances in Radiation Therapy 102 New Approaches in Nuclear Medicine for Thyroid Cancer 103 124I in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 104 Future Directions for Advanced Thyroid Cancer Therapy 105 Potential Approaches to Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer in the Future PART XI. Additional Resources 106 Prophylaxis against Radiation Exposure from Radioiodine 107 Low Iodine Diets 108 Appendix A: Books and Manuals 109 Appendix B: Additional Sources of Information: Support groups, Websites and additional information 110 Appendix C: Forms and Instructions for Patients Treated with Radioactivity