Nutrition and Bone Health

Description

Although the human skeleton is often taken for granted, it requires calcium and other macro- and micronutrients to maximize and maintain its size and strength. Inadequate bone nutrition produces a host of medical problems across the age spectrum, including rickets, growth retardation, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and bone fractures. In Nutrition and Bone Health, a panel of internationally recognized bone and nutrition specialists comprehensively reviews the newest clinical findings and research discoveries regarding the role of nutrition in maintaining a healthy skeleton. Topics range from the basics of nutrition and bone biology to how to use bone density testing for evaluating bone health and the health effects of dietary macronutrients, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins. The effects of life stages, race, lifestyle, and supplements are also detailed, along with data-driven discussions of the health impacts on bone of calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, protein intake, phytoestrogens, onions, and omega fatty acids. Each fully referenced article provides balanced coverage of both scientific and clinical aspects of bone health and offers summary conclusions highlighting its major findings. In addition, the authors establish nutritional guidelines for bone health in all ages and make recommendations on how to maximize and maintain bone health through nutrition, exercise, and exposure to the sun. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Nutrition and Bone Health not only illuminates how nutrition, exercise, environmental factors, and drugs affect bone health, but also serves as a critical guide for all healthcare professionals needing to apply this knowledge in their daily practice.

Contents

Part I. Basics of Nutrition and Bone Biology.- 1. Bone Health From An Evolutionary Perspective: Development In Early Human Populations.- 2. Gene-Diet Interactions On Bone.- 3. Bone Physiology: Bone Cells, Modeling, and Remodeling.- 4. Estrogens, Progestins, SERMs and Osteoporosis.- 5. Bone Biomechanics and the Determinants of Skeletal Fragility.- 6. Clinical and Research Applications of Bone Mineral Density Examinations.- 7. Nutritional Epidemiology: Nutritional Assessment and Analysis.- 8. Dietary Pattern Analysis in Nutritional Science Research: A Review of Current Evidence Relating Dietary Patterns to Indices of Bone Health and Fracture Risk.- 9. Nutrition and Oral Bone Status.- 10. Nutrition Counseling for Skeletal Health.- Part II. Nutrition and Bone: Effects of Life Stages and Race.- 11. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation.- 12. Nutritional Requirements for Fetal and Neonatal Bone Health and Development.- 13. Nutrition and Bone Health During Skeletal Modeling and Bone Consolidation of Childhood and Adolescence.- 14. Calcium and Vitamin D for Bone Health in Adults.- 15. Nutrition: to supplement or not to supplement the elderly.- 16. Nutrition and Skeletal Health in Blacks.- 17. Nutrition and Skeletal Health in Other Racial/Ethnic Groups.- Part III. Effects of Dietary Macronutrients.- 18. Food Groups and Bone Health.- 19. Vegetarianism and Bone Health in Women.- 20. Protein intake and bone health.- 21. Fat and Bone.- 22. Acid-Base Balance and Bone Health.- Part IV. Minerals.- 23. Quantitative Clinical Nutrition Approaches to the Study of Calcium and Bone Metabolism.- 24. Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium.- 25. Assessing Nutritional Requirements For Preterm Infants.- Part V. Fat-Soluble Vitamins/Micronutrients.- 26. Vitamin A and Bone Health.- 27. Vitamin D.- 28. Vitamin D Utilization in Subhuman Primates.- 29. Vitamin K’s role in age-related bone loss: a critical review.- Part VI. Lifestyle Effects/Supplements.- 30. Smoking, Alcohol, and Bone Health.- 31. Exercise and Bone Health.- 32. Exercise, Nutrition and Bone Health.- 33. Body Weight/Composition and Weight Change: Effects on Bone Health.- 34. Nutraceuticals and Bone Health.- Part VII. Nutrition Related Disorders and Secondary Osteoporostis.- 35. Eating Disorders and their Effects on Bone Health.- 36. The Role of Nutrition for Bone Health in Cystic Fibrosis.- 37. HIV/AIDS and Bone Health: The Role of Nutrition.- 38. Celiac Disease and Bone Health.- 39. Dietary Factors and Chronic Low Grade Systemic Inflammation in Relation to Bone Health.- 40. Impact of Nutrition on Medications for Osteoporosis.- 41. Nutrition and Bone Health in Space.

Authors

Michael F. Holick
Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics
Boston University Medical Center
Boston, MA, USA

Jeri W. Nieves
Helen Hayes Hospital and
Department of Epidemiology
Mailman School of Public Health
Institute of Human Nutrition
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA