Dietary Fiber and Health

Description

Purported benefits of fiber include gastro-intestinal health, cardiovascular health, weight management, satiety, glycemic control, and prebiotic effects. While fiber is recognized as essential to good health, a majority of people do not meet recommended daily intakes. Thus, it is imperative that food product developers formulate foods with fiber and that health professionals recommend foods high in fiber in order to improve public health. Presenting a comprehensive review of the health implications of cereal fiber, bran and whole grains, this book describes opportunities for incorporating fiber ingredients into foods and details the health-promoting claims of fiber containing foods.

Features

• Helps health professionals understand fiber’s role in improving public health
• Provides product formulators with guidance on fiber ingredients to help develop new products
• Presents information on the analysis of fiber for food labeling and research purposes
• Describes regulatory issues such as GRAS notice procedure

Table of Contents

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF CODEX FIBER DEFINITION

• Dietary fiber definition: a European & International Perspective, Wim Caers
• Building Scientific Agreement on Resolution of Implementation Issues

FIBER AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

• Fiber and Body Weight Measures (NHANES), Theresa Nicklas
• Effects of Three Types of Dietary Fiber on Food Intake in a Real Life Setting, A.J. Wanders, J.J.G.C. van den Borne, C. de Graaf, E.J.M. Feskens
• Fiber and Satiety Control, Susan Cho, S. Nishil, I. Casel, B. Govindarajan
• Dietary Fiber and Satiety - Not All Fiber is Like: Review of Mechanisms, Joanne Slavin
• Viscous Dietary Fiber Reduces Adiposity and Plasma Leptin and Increases Gene Expression in Muscle Related to Fat Oxidation in Rats, Daniel D. Gallaher, Ajmila Islam, Anthony Citivarese, Eric Ravussin, Robert Hesslink, Julie-Anne Nazarel, Laura Kotowski

FIBER AND HEART HEALTH

• Epidemiological Studies of Fiber and Heart Disease, Jim Anderson
• Portfolio Diet and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Amin Esfahani, Arash Mirrahimi, Korbua Srichaikul, David J.A. Jenkins
• Evaluations of the Health Effects of Whole Grains Must Address Their Fiber Rich Fractions, Michael C. Falk, Fabiana F. De Moura, Kara D. Lewis
• Effect of a Hypo-Caloric Diet Rich in Whole Grain Foods on Weight Loss, Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A 12 Weeks Randomised Clinical Trial, M. Kristensen, M.M.G. Jensen, G. Ribolde, M. Petronio, S. Bugel, S. Toubrol, I. Tetens, A. Astrup

FIBER AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM

• Viscosity Rather Than Quantity Determines Lipid Lowering Effects of Dietary Fiber: Onegram Is Not One-Gram, Vladimir Vuksanl, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Alexander L. Rogovikl, Christopher Fairgrievel
• Measurement Techniques for Insulin Sensitivity, Kevin Maki
• Fasting Glucose Turnover but Not Peripheral Insulin Resistance is Reduced after Acetogenic and Indigestible Carbohydrate Ingestion in Metabolic Syndrome Patients, E. Pouteaul, V. Ferchaud-Roucher, Y. Zair, M. Paintinl, M. Enslenl, N. Auriou, K. Mace, J-P. Godin, O. Ballevre, M. Krempf
• Crystalline Cellulose in Digesta Decreases Radial Self-Diffusion of Glucose within the Intestinal Lumen, Toru Takahashil, Mari Noborikawa, Sen-ichi Oda, Satomi Maruyama, Tomoko Koda, Yuka Kawadal, Kazuya Kitamori
• Fructooligosaccharides Improved Insulin Sensitivity Associated With Suppression of Adipocytokine Releases from the Mesenteric Fat Cells in Rats, Aki Shinoki, H. Hara

PREBIOTIC EFFECTS OF FIBER

• Characteristics and Modulation of a Healthy Flora, Glenn Gibson
• Prebiotics and Bowel Function, Francisco Guarner
• Control of Energy Metabolism By Non Digestible Oligosaccharides: Which Role For Gut Microbes? Natalie Delzenne, P.D. Cani, A.M. Neyrinck
• Prebiotics, Body Weight Management and Obesity-Related Diseases, Nathalie Delzenne, P.D. Inulin
• Gut Microbes, and Health, D. Meyer
• High Dietary Intake of Prebiotic Inulin-Type Fructans in the Prehistoric Chihuahuan Deseli, U.S.A,. Jeff Leach

FIBER AND GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH

• Overview of Fiber, Inulin, and Digestive Health, Wendy Dahl
• The Role of the Colon in the Metabolism of Potentially Bioactive Molecules and How This Might be Affected by Fermentation, Christine Edwards, Indu Jagananth, William Mullen, Suri Roowi, Alan Crozier
• Developlnent and Characterization of Rice Dietary Fiber from Rice Bran, Jinhee Park
• Diets Enriched in Oat Bran or Wheat Bran Temporally and Differentially Alter the Composition of the Fecal Community of Rats, Khalil Abnousl,Stephen PJ Brooks, Judy Kwan, Fernando Matias, Julia Green-Johnson, L. Brent Selinger, Matthew Thomas, and Martin Kalmokoff
• Manipulating Dietary Intake of Poorly Absorbed and Fermentable Short-Chain Carbohydrates (FODMAPs): Implications for Gastrointestinal Health, J.G. Muirl, S. Shepherd, J. Barrett, S. Mitchelf, D. Ong, R. Rose, Rosellal, J.R. Biesiekierskil, P. Irving, P. Gibson
• Sourdough Fermentation Increases Solubility of Arabinoxylan and Protein in Wholemeal Wheat Bread and Decreases Postprandial Glucose And Insulin Responses in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Jenni Lappi, Emilia Selinheim, Ursula Schwabl,Kati Katina, Pekka Lehtinen, Hannu Mykkanen, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Kaisa Poutanen
• Dietary Sugar Beet Fiber Promotes an Accumulation of CD8+ Intraepitheliallymphocytes in Small Intestine in WKAH Rats, Satoshi Ishizuka, Jae Sung Lee, Yuichi Ochiai, Yuri Takami, Hiroshi Hara

FIBERSOL 2

• Resistant Maltodextrin: Chemical and Physical Properties Compared to Other Sources of Dietary Fiber, Alan Buck
• Higher Dose Fibersol-2 Increases Subjective and Biochemical Measures of Satiety When Ingested with a Meal Compared with Control or Lower Consumption, Suzanne Hendrich, Zhong Ye, Visalakshi Arumugam, Esther Haugabrooks, and Patricia Williamson-Hughes
• Impact of a Low Viscous Fiber on Post-Prandial and Fasting Glycelnia, Geoff
• Livesey
• The Distribution of Energy Derived from the Fermentation of Dietary Fiber, David J. Baer and William V. Rumpler
• The Growth and Diversity of the (Intestinal) Microbiotia as Affected by Dietary Fiber, Volker Mai, Maria Ukhanova and Tyler Culpepper
• The Quintessential Properties of All Sources of Nondigestible Carbohydrates, Dennis T. Gordon

GALACTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES (GOS): NEXT GENERATION PREBIOTIC

• Introduction to Galaetooligosaccharides, Anne Birkett
• Bifidogenic and Anti-Adherence Properties of Prebiotic Galactooligosacchairdes, R. Hutkins, L. Gemar, M. McGowan, I. Martinez, M. Quintero, J. Walter, and R. Moxley
• Galactooligosaccharide (GOS): Next Generation Prebiotic – Clinical Immunological Effects, Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
• Galacto-oligosaccharides Modulate Gastrointestinal and Systemic Lymphocyte
• Populations and Reduce the Severity of Colitis in SMAD3 (-1-) Mice, Elizabeth M. Gardner, David M. Duriancik, Jonathan F. Clinthorne, Anita Gopalakrishnan,
• Jenifer I. Fenton
• Demonstration of Laxation by Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) as Evidence of Dietary Fiber Status, Claire L. Kruger, Yongming Lu, A. Wallace Hayes,

RESISTANT STARCH AND ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS

• Mechanisms by which Resistant Starch Alters Gut Fermentation and Neuroendocrinology To Reduce Body Fat, Michael J. Keenan, June Zhou, Anne M. Raggio, Kathleen L. McCutcheon, Reshani N. Senevirathne, Felicia Goldsmith, Marlene Janes , Richard T. Tulley, Roy J. Martin
• Resistant Starch Measurement, Intakes and Dietary Targets, Tony Bird
• Resistant Starch Content of Brown Rice Increases After Refrigeration In Selected Varieties, Maria Stewart and Yu-Ting Chiu
• Lower Food Intake at a Lunch Meal was Associated With the Resistant Starch Content of Corn Starch, G. Harvey Anderson, Clara E. Cho, Tina Akhavan, Rebecca C. Mollard, Bohdan L. Luhovyy, E. Terry Finocchiaro, Christine L. Pelkman
• The Role of Viscosity and Fermentability of Dietary Fibers on Satiety and Adiposity-Related Hormones in Rats, Daniel D. Gallaher, Natalia M. Schroeder, and Leonard F. Marquart
• A Newly Defined Promotion Mechanism of Flavonoid Glycoside Absorption by a Nondigestible Saccharide in the Rat Small Intestine, Noriko Matsukawa, Megumi Matsumoto

OAT AND OTHER FIBERS

• Enhanched Fractionation of Cell Wall Components in Rye, Barley and Oats, Pekka Lehtinen, Juhani Sibakov
• The Viscosity Effect: Oat Bran Cereals Which Provide Different Viscosities Differ In Their Capacity To Serum Lower LDL-Cholesterol, Susan M. Tosh, Thomas M. S. Wolever, Ruedi Duss, Peter J. Wood
• Oat Fiber Meal Influences Gene Sets Related To Inflammation, Matilda Ulmius
• Effects of Oat Bran, Processed to Different Molecular Weights of Beta-Glucan, on Plasma Cholesterol and Cecal Formation of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Mice, Tina Immerstrand, Kristina E. Andersson, Caroline Wange, Ana Rascon, Per Hellstrand, Margareta Nyman, Steve W. Cui, Bjorn Bergenstahl, Christian Tragardh and Rickard Ostel
• Viscosity and Fermentability of Purified Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) Affect Kinetics of Digestion and Hormone Secretion in Ileal-Cannulated and Porto-Arterial Catheterized Pigs, S. Hooda, B.U. Metzler-Zebeli, J.J. Matte, T. Vasanthan, R.T. Zijlstra
• Fig Fruit By-Products (Ficus Carica) as a Source of Dietary Fiber, Elena Sanchezzapata, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Ana Martin-Sanchez, Juana Fernandez-Lopez, Esther Sendra, Estrella Sayas-Barbera, Casilda Navarro, Jose A. Perez-Alvarez
• Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Polllcgranatc (Punica Granatunt L.) Peel Powder Co-Product, Elena Sanchez-Zapata, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Ana Martinsanchez, Juana Fernandez-Lopez, Esther Sendra, Estrella Sayas-Barbera, Casilda Navarro, Jose A. Perez-Alvarez
• Tiger Nut Fiber and Its Technological Applications in Meat Products, Elena Sanchez-Zapata, Evangelica Fuentes-Zaragoza, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Ana
• Martin-Sanchez, Juana Fernandez-L6pez, Esther Sendra, Estrella Sayas, Casilda Navarro, Jose A. Perez-Alvarez

REGULATORY ISSUES

• GRAS Notice Procedure, Moraima Ramos-Valle
• Health Claims and Structure-Function Claims, Paula Trumbo

CEREAL FIBER, BRAN, AND WHOLE GRAIN

• Cereal Fiber, Bran, and Whole Grain and Heart Disease, Susan Cho, Lu Qi, June Zhou, In S. Kin1, David Klurfeld
• Cereal Fiber, Bran, and Whole Grain and Diabetes, Susan Cho,Lu Qi, June Zhou, In S. Kinl, David Klurfeld
• Cereal Fiber, Bran, and Whole Grain and Obesity, Susan Cho, Lu Qi, June Zhou, In S. Kinl, David Klurfeld