Nutrition Support for the Critically Ill Patient. a Guide to Practice

Description

This new edition is designed for health practitioners, clinicians, and dietitians in any critical care setting. It provides comprehensive information on nutritional support and therapy for the critically ill patient. Chapters are divided into eight sections covering metabolic issues, nutrients for critically ill patients, delivery of nutrition therapy, nutrition therapy throughout the life cycle, special interest groups, specific organ system failure, general systemic failures, and professional issues in the field. This edition includes updated case studies and contains numerous tables, figures, and diagrams providing practical information for users.

Features

• Provides a reference on the principles and practice of nutrition support for the critically ill population through evidence-based medicine
• Includes several new chapters on pharmaconutrients, gut microbiota support, short bowel syndrome, and instituting professional nutrition practice guidelines
• Addresses specific organ systems including pulmonary, renal, hepatic, cardiac/thoracic failure as well as traumatic brain injury, acute pancreatitis, and general surgery patients
• Provides up-to-date information for the nutrition support specialist, including ethical considerations, quality and performance improvement, and conducting nutrition research in the critically ill population
• Describes special considerations for the diseases and complications that can occur in critically ill patients

Contents

Section I: Metabolic Alterations in the Critically Ill: Comparison of Nonstressed and Stressed States
The Metabolic Response to Stress
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism

Section II: Nutrients for the Critically III
Nutrition Assessment and Monitoring
Energy Requirements
Macronutrient Requirements: Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid
Micronutrient and Antioxidant Therapy in Critically III Patients
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Requirements
Pharmaconutrients
Gut Microbiota Support: Prebiotics and Probiotics

Section III: Delivery of Nutrition Therapy in the Critically III
Parenteral versus Enteral Nutrition
Nutrition Therapy during the Low Flow State
Parenteral Nutrition Access
Enteral Nutrition Access
Parenteral Formulations
Enteral Formulations
Complications of Parenteral Nutrition
Enteral Feeding Challenges
Drug-Nutrient Interactions

Section IV: Nutrition Therapy Throughout the Lifecycle
Pregnancy
Nutrition Therapy for the Critically III Neonate
Pediatrics
Geriatrics

Section V: Nutrition Therapy for Special Interest Groups
Trauma
Burns and Wound Healing
Solid Organ Transplantation
Short Bowel Syndrome

Section VI: Specific Organ System Failure
Pulmonary Failure
Renal Failure
Hepatic Failure
The Cardiac and Thoracic Patient
Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
Acute Pancreatitis
General Surgery Patient

Section VII: General Systemic Failures
Systemic Inflammatory Response and Sepsis
Cancer and Immunodeficiency
Endocrine Disorders
Obesity

Section VIII: Professional Issues
Ethical Considerations
Instituting Professional Nutrition Practice Guidelines
Quality and Performance Improvement
Conducting Nutrition Research in the Critically III Population