Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements

Description

The Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements presents peer-reviewed, objective entries that rigorously examine the most significant scientific research, and thereby provides evidence-based information on the major vitamin and mineral micronutrients, single herbs and botanicals, phytochemicals, and other bioactive preparations.

Offered as a scientific checkpoint for the many over-the-counter supplements carried in today’s nutritional-products marketplace, the second edition of this authoritative reference work presents new chapters and updated, objective entries that integrate basic chemical, preclinical, and clinical data into a comprehensive form useful to a broad spectrum of healthcare professionals, researchers and educated, health-conscious consumers.

Edited by the leaders of the Office of Dietary Supplements and other sections of the National Institutes of Health, this text is the definitive guide for anyone interested in a scientific and balanced presentation of both the science behind and the possible benefits (or not) of dietary supplements.

Contents

1. The Challenges of Dietary Supplement Research and Considerations for Future Studies
2. S-Adenosylmethionine
3. Aloe Vera
4. Androstenedione
5. L-Arginine
6. Astragalus
7. Bilberry
8. Biotin
9. Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium)
10. Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)
11. Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
12. Boron
13. Caffeine
14. Calcium
15. L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, and Proprionyl-L-Carnitine
16. ß-Carotene
17. Carotenoids Overview
18. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana)
19. Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus)
20. Choline
21. Chondroitin
22. Chromium
23. Coenzyme Q10
24. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
25. Copper
26. Cordyceps
27. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Aiton
28. Creatine
29. Dang Gui (Angelica sinensis)
30. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
31. Echinacea
32. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
33. Eleuthero
34. Ephedra (Ma Huang)
35. Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
36. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
37. Flaxseed
38. Folate
39. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract
40. Garcinia cambogia
41. Garlic (Allium sativum)
42. Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
43. Ginkgo biloba
44. Ginseng, American (Panax quinquefolium)
45. Ginseng, Asian (Panax ginseng)
46. Glucosamine
47. Glutamine
48. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
49. Grape Seed Extract
50. Green Tea Polyphenols
51. Hawthorn (Crataegus)
52. 5-Hydroxytryptophan
53. Iron
54. Isoflavones
55. Isothiocyanates
56. Kava (Piper methysticum)
57. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria
58. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
59. a-Lipoic Acid/Thioctic Acid
60. Lutein
61. Lycopene
62. Maca (Lepidium meyenii)
63. Magnesium
64. Melatonin
65. Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
66. Niacin
67. Noni (Morinda citrifolia)
68. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
69. Omega-6 Fatty Acids
70. Pancreatic Enzymes
71. Pantothenic Acid
72. Pau d'Arco or Lapacho (Tabebuia)
73. Phosphorus
74. Polyphenols Overview
75. Proanthocyanidins
76. Pygeum africanum Extract
77. Quercetin
78. Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
79. Reishi or Ling Zhi (Ganoderma lucidum)
80. Riboflavin
81. Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)
82. Selenium
83. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes)
84. St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
85. Taurine
86. Thiamin
87. Turmeric
88. Valerian
89. Vitamin A
90. Vitamin B6
91. Vitamin B12
92. Vitamin C
93. Vitamin D
94. Vitamin E
95. Vitamin K
96. Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe)
97. Zinc

Reviews

Testimonials/reviews for the first Edition

…Summarize[s] current knowledge and gaps in research. Lists of references in each article assist further research. This authoritative guide will serve both health professionals and concerned consumers. -Gale's Reference Reviews

…suitable for pharmacy, pharmaceutical, and medical libraries. -Library Journal

…an excellent choice for readers desiring scholarly treatment of the most commonly used supplements. -Choice

Author Information

Paul M. Coates, Ph.D. was appointed Director of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the NIH in 1999. Dr. Coates served from 1996-1999 as Deputy Director of the Division of Nutrition Research Coordination (DNRC) at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). In that role, Dr. Coates helped to coordinate human nutrition research efforts, both at the NIH and between the NIH and other government agencies. Among these efforts was Healthy People 2000, the initiative from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to set public health goals for the nation.
Dr. Coates co-leads the development of the Nutrition/Overweight chapter for which he received the NIH Director's Award for outstanding activities. Dr. Coates acted as Co-Chair of the joint DHHS/USDA Steering Committee overseeing plans for the National Nutrition Summit that was held in Washington in May 2000. He also is a member of the Federal Steering Committee that oversees the development of the Dietary Reference Intakes. Prior to joining the DNRC, Dr. Coates was NIDDK's Program Director for the Type 2 Diabetes Research Program (1993-1996) and Project Officer for the multi-center clinical study called Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (1994-1996).
Before coming to the NIH, Dr. Coates was on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (1975-1993), where he was Research Professor in the Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry/Biophysics. His Ph.D. degree in human genetics was from Queen's University in Canada (1972) and his postdoctoral training took place in the Department of Human Genetics and Biometry at University College London (1972-1974).
Currently, Dr Coates’ Office of Dietary Supplements at the NIH has the following responsibilities:
1. to explore more fully the potential role of dietary supplements as a significant part of the efforts of the United States to improve health care;
2. to promote scientific study of the benefits of dietary supplements in maintaining health and preventing chronic disease and other health-related conditions;
3. to conduct and coordinate scientific research within NIH relating to dietary supplements;
4. to collect and compile the results of scientific research relating to dietary supplements, including scientific data from foreign sources; and
5. to serve as the principal advisor to the Secretary and to the Assistant Secretary for Health and provide advice to the Director of NIH, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration on issues relating to dietary supplements.

JOSEPH M. BETZ is Director of the Analytical Methods and Reference Materials Program in the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Betz earned his Ph.D. Degree in Pharmacognosy at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science (now the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

MARC R. BLACKMAN is Associate Chief of Staff for Research and Development at the Washington DC, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Professor of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the George Washington University School of Medicine, and Professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University and University of Maryland Schools of Medicine. He received the M.D. degree from the New York University School of Medicine, New York.

GORDON M. CRAGG is former Chief and current Special Volunteer in the Natural Products Branch of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland. Now retired, Dr. Cragg received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

MARK LEVINE is Section Chief of Molecular and Clinical Nutrition at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Levine received the M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

JOEL MOSS is Deputy Chief of the Translational Medicine Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. He received the Ph.D. and M.D. degrees from the New York University School of Medicine, New York.

JEFFREY D. WHITE is Director of the Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. He received the M.D. degree from the Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, D.C.