Correction Techniques in Emission Tomography

Description

Written by an interdisciplinary team of medical doctors, computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, Correction Techniques in Emission Tomography presents various correction methods used in emission tomography to generate and enhance images. It discusses the techniques from a computer science, mathematics, and physics viewpoint.

The book gives a comprehensive overview of correction techniques at different levels of the data processing workflow. It covers nuclear medicine imaging, hybrid emission tomography (PET-CT, SPECT-CT, PET-MRI, PET-ultrasound), and optical imaging (fluorescence molecular tomography). It illustrates basic principles as well as recent advances, such as model-based iterative algorithms and 4D methods. An important aspect of the book is on new and sophisticated motion correction techniques in PET imaging. These techniques enable high-resolution, high-quality images, leading to better imaging analysis and image-based diagnostics.

Reflecting state-of-the-art research, this volume explores the range of problems that occur in emission tomography. It looks at how the resulting images are affected and presents practical compensation methods to overcome the problems and improve the images.

Features

• Provides a thorough treatment of state-of-the-art correction techniques
• Covers different imaging modalities, including nuclear medicine imaging, hybrid systems, and optical imaging
• Addresses the special problems encountered in hybrid imaging
• Explores the use of correction methods in biomedical imaging applications

Reviews

It is refreshing to have a text on emission molecular imaging relevant to animals and human beings with an emphasis on those factors that detract from resolution and quantification. This book implicitly distinguishes between molecular imaging of emitters and molecular imaging provided by magnetic resonance techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized and other contrast agents, and other magnetic resonance methods wherein the response to the injected pattern of the radiofrequency field is measured. … In sum, this book shows how researchers have overcome limitations in emission tomography noted 40 years ago and have brought the methods to the goal of high spatial resolution and quantification. Most importantly, these advances have enabled clinically useful applications not available to other diagnostic methods.
—From the Foreword by Thomas F. Budinger, University of California, Berkeley, USA

Table of Contents

• Introduction, Klaus Schäfers
• Introduction
• Principle of Emission Tomography
• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Need for Correction Techniques

BACKGROUND

• Biomedical Applications of Emission Tomography, Michael Schäfers, Sven Hermann, Sonja Schäfers, Thomas Viel, Marilyn Law, and Andreas H. Jacobs
• The role of imaging in biomedical research and applications
• Functional and molecular imaging by emission tomography enables high sensitivity and spatial resolution
• Biomedical applications of emission tomography depend on tracers
• Applications
• PET Image Reconstruction, Frank Wübbeling
• Introduction
• Analytical algorithms
• Discrete algorithms
• Summary

CORRECTIONS TECHNIQUES IN PET AND SPECT

• Basics of PET and SPECT Imaging, Ralph A. Bundschuh and Sibylle I. Ziegler
• Introduction
• Corrections for Physical Factors, Florian Büther
• Introduction
• Decay correction
• Randoms correction
• Attenuation correction
• Scatter correction
• Concluding remarks
• Corrections for Scanner Related Factors, Marc Huismann
• Positron emission tomography
• Single photon emission computed tomography
• Image Processing Techniques in Emission Tomography, Fabian Gigengack, Michael Fieseler, Daniel Tenbrinck, and Xiaoyi Jiang
• Introduction
• Denoising
• Interpolation
• Registration
• Partial volume correction
• Super-resolution
• Validation
• Motion Correction in Emission Tomography, Mohammad Dawood
• Introduction
• Motion correction on 3D PET data
• Optical flow
• Lucas/Kanade optical flow
• Horn/Schunck optical flow
• Bruhn optical flow
• Preserving discontinuities
• Correcting for motion
• Mass conservation-based optical flow
• Combined Correction and Reconstruction Methods, Martin Benning, Thomas Kösters, and Frederic Lamare
• Introduction
• Parameter identification
• Combined reconstruction and motion correction
• Combination of parameter identification and motion estimation

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

• Introduction into Hybrid Tomographic Imaging, Hartwig Newiger
• Introduction
• Combining PET and SPECT
• The combination with MR
• Combining ultrasound with PET and SPECT
• MR-Based Attenuation Correction for PET/MR, Matthias Hofmann, Bernd Pichler, and Thomas Beyer
• Introduction
• MR-AC for brain applications
• Methods for torso imaging
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Optical Imaging, Angelique Ale and Vasilis Ntziachristos
• Introduction
• Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT)
• FMT and hybrid FMT systems

Author Bio(s)

Mohammad Dawood is a researcher at the European Institute for Molecular Imaging. He earned a PhD in computer science from the University of Münster. His research interests include motion correction and tumor segmentation in medical imaging as well as biometrics and pattern analysis in image analysis.

Xiaoyi Jiang is a professor at the University of Münster and a scientist at the European Institute for Molecular Imaging. An IEEE senior member and an IAPR fellow, he earned a PhD in computer science from the University of Bern. His research areas include medical imaging analysis, pattern recognition, and computer vision.

Klaus Schäfers is head of the technology group at the European Institute for Molecular Imaging. He earned a PhD in medical physics from the University of Münster. His research interests include quantitative PET, motion detection and correction, high-resolution PET, multimodal molecular imaging techniques, and molecular imaging information in radiation therapy planning.