Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

List of Tables and Figures
Editorial Staff and Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles
Types of Articles and Papers
ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS IN PUBLISHING
Ensuring the Accuracy of Scientific Findings
Protecting the Rights and Welfare of Research Participants and Subjects
Protecting Intellectual Property Rights
2. Paper Elements and Format
Required Elements
Paper Elements
Format
Organization
SAMPLE PAPERS
3. Journal Article Reporting Standards
Overview of Reporting Standards
Common Reporting Standards Across Research Designs
Reporting Standards for Quantitative Research
Reporting Standards for Qualitative Research
Reporting Standards for Mixed Methods Research
4. Writing Style and Grammar
EFFECTIVE SCHOLARLY WRITING
Continuity and Flow
Conciseness and Clarity
GRAMMAR AND USAGE
Verbs
Pronouns
Sentence Construction
Strategies to Improve Your Writing
5. Bias-Free Language Guidelines
General Guidelines for Reducing Bias
Reducing Bias by Topic
6. Mechanics of Style
Punctuation
Spelling
Capitalization
Italics
Abbreviations
Numbers
Statistical and Mathematical Copy
Presentation of Equations
Lists
7. Tables and Figures
General Guidelines for Tables and Figures
Tables
SAMPLE TABLES
Figures
SAMPLE FIGURES
8. Works Credited in the Text
General Guidelines for Citation
Works Requiring Special Approaches to Citation
In-Text Citations
Paraphrases and Quotations
9. Reference List
Reference Categories
Principles of Reference List Entries
REFERENCE ELEMENTS
Author
Date
Title
Source
Reference Variations
Reference List Format and Order
10. Reference Examples
Author Variations
Date Variations
Title Variations
Source Variations
Textual Works
Data Sets, Software, and Tests
Audiovisual Media
Online Media
11. Legal References
General Guidelines for Legal References
Legal Reference Examples
12. Publication Process
Preparing for Publication
Understanding the Editorial Publication Process
Manuscript Preparation
Copyright and Permission Guidelines
During and After Publication
Credits for Adapted Tables, Figures, and Papers
References
Index

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, it is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, business, engineering, and other fields.

Known for its authoritative, easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, language, and tone that will result in powerful, concise, and elegant scholarly communication. It guides users through the scholarly writing process-from the ethics of authorship to reporting research through publication. The seventh edition is an indispensable resource for students and professionals to achieve excellence in writing and make an impact with their work.

The seventh edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect best practices in scholarly writing and publishing.

• All formats are in full color, with a new tabbed spiral version
• Improved ease of navigation, with many additional numbered sections to help users quickly locate answers to their questions
• Resources for students on writing and formatting annotated bibliographies, response papers, and other paper types as well as guidelines on citing course materials
• Dedicated chapter for new users of APA Style covering paper elements and format, including sample papers for both professional authors and student writers
• New chapter on journal article reporting standards that includes updates to reporting standards for quantitative research and the first-ever qualitative and mixed methods reporting standards in APA Style
• New chapter on bias-free language guidelines for writing about people with respect and inclusivity in areas including age, disability, gender, participation in research, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality
• More than 100 new reference examples covering periodicals, books, audiovisual media, social media, webpages and websites, and legal resources
• More than 40 new sample tables and figures
• Expanded guidance on ethical writing and publishing practices, including how to ensure the appropriate level of citation, avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, and navigate the publication process
• Guidelines that support accessibility for all users, including simplified reference, in-text citation, and heading formats as well as additional font options