Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways (Target Organs Toxicology Series, Vol. 30)

Quick Overview

An essential reference not only to pharmacologists and toxicologists, but also to clinicians, risk assessors, and sensory scientists concerned with the nose and upper airway.

OVERVIEW

Presenting cutting-edge information on both human and animal toxicology of the upper respiratory tract, Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways serves as an essential reference not only to pharmacologists and toxicologists, but also to clinicians, risk assessors, and sensory scientists concerned with the nose and upper airway.
This up-to-date and comprehensive review of nasal toxicology highlights recent developments in the recognition of the nose as a target of air pollutants, a route of entry for toxicants, and a possible route of administration for drugs into the central nervous system.

Key features in this state-of-the-art guide include:

• Comparing and contrasting of mechanistic approaches to risk assessment for inhaled toxicants, including modern modeling concepts for rodent to human extrapolation
• The nose as a potential model system for studying respiratory toxicology
• Xenobiotic metabolism and signaling mechanisms in nasal toxicology
• onsiderations of the often unexplored topics of sensory endpoints and neurogenic mechanisms
• Exploration of anatomy, dosimetry, mucosal enzymology, reflex responses to nasal irritation, and acute and chronic toxicity
• Emphasis on parallel or integrated considerations of data deriving from experimental animal and human studies
• A review of newer epidemiologic findings from populations exposed occupationally or environmentally

CONTENTS

• Structure & function in the upper airway
• Functional anatomy of the upper airway in experimental animals
• Functional anatomy of the upper airway in humans
• Functional neuroanatomy of the upper airway in experimental animals
• Functional neuroanatomy of the human upper airway
• Mucosal enzymology of the upper airway. Dosimetry & Toxicokinetics of Nasal Exposure
• Upper airway dosimetry of gases, vapors and particulate matter in experimental animals
• Upper airway dosimetry of gases and vapors in humans
• Upper airway dosimetry of particulate matter in humans. Functional & Pathologic Responses and Their Measurement
• Exposure and recording systems in human studies
• Biomarkers of nasal toxicity in experimental animals
• Biomarkers of nasal toxicity in humans
• Nasal reflexes - including alterations in respiratory behavior - in experimental animals
• Nasal chemosensory irritation in humans
• Nasal reflexes in humans
• Olfactory toxicity in humans and experimental animals
• Inflammatory conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses in experimental animals
• Inflammatory conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses in humans
• Chronic tissue changes and carcinogenesis in the upper airway. Responses to Specific Agents
• Second hand tobacco smoke exposure in humans
• Chlorine exposure in humans and experimental animals
• Hydrogen sulfide exposure in experimental animals
• Sulfur dioxide exposure in humans
• Exposure to volatile organic compounds in humans. Risk Assessment and Special Topics
• Benchmark dose and noncancer risk assessment for the upper airways
• Physico-chemical modeling of sensory irritation in humans and experimental animals
• Effect of allergic inflammation on irritant responsiveness in the upper airways
• Effect of air pollutants on allergic upper airway disease

AUTHOR BIO

Dr. John B. Morris
Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Head, the Department of Pharmacuetical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.

Dr. Dennis J. Shusterman
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Chief, Hazard Evaluation System and Information Service, Occupational Health Branch, Richmond, California, USA.