TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours

Editors-in-chief xi

Editors xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgements xvi

Organisations Associated with the TNM System xvii

Members of UICC Committees Associated with the TNM System Introduction 1

Head and Neck Tumours 17

Oral Cavity and Mucosal Lip 18

Pharynx 23

Larynx 34

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses 39

Unknown Primary – Cervical Nodes 43

Malignant Melanoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract 48

Salivary Glands 50

Thyroid Gland 53

Parathyroid Gland 57

Digestive System Tumours 59

Oesophagus 60

Stomach 66

Small Intestine 70

Appendix 72

Colon and Rectum 75

Anal Canal and Perianal Skin 79

Liver 82

Intrahepatic Bile Ducts 85

Gallbladder 87

Perihilar Bile Ducts 89

Distal Extrahepatic Bile Duct 91

Ampulla of Vater 93

Pancreas 95

Well- Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract 98

Lung, Pleural and Thymic Tumours 107

Lung 109

Pleural Mesothelioma 114

Thymus Tumours 118

Tumours of Bone and Soft Tissues 121

Bone 122

Soft Tissues 126

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) 129

Skin Tumours 133

Carcinoma of Skin (excluding eyelid, head and neck, perianal, vulva and penis) 135

Carcinoma of Skin of the Head and Neck Region 138

Carcinoma of Skin of the Eyelid 141

Melanoma of Skin 144

Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Skin 149

Breast Tumours 151

Gynaecological Tumours 159

Vulva 160

Vagina 163

Cervix Uteri 165

Uterus – Endometrium 169

Uterine Sarcomas 172

Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma 175

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasms 180

Urological Tumours 183

Penis 184

Prostate 187

Testis 190

Kidney 194

Renal Pelvis and Ureter 196

Urinary Bladder 198

Urethra 201

Adrenal Cortex 203

Adrenal Medulla and Extra- Adrenal Paraganglia Tumours 205

Ophthalmic Tumours 207

Carcinoma of Conjunctiva 208

Melanoma of Conjunctiva 210

Melanoma of Uvea 213

Retinoblastoma 217

Sarcoma of Orbit 221

Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland 223

Brain and Spinal Cord 225

Hodgkin Lymphoma 227

Non- Hodgkin Lymphomas 231

Essential TNM 237

Paediatric Tumours 241

Gastrointestinal Tumours 241

Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours 242

Gynaecological Tumours 244

Urological Tumours 245

Ophthalmic Tumours 247

Lymphoma 247

Leukaemia 248

Central Nervous System 249

The essential reference on cancer stage returns as a fully revised edition

Describing cancer stage is one of the most important elements of oncological practice. Clinical research and clinical care depend on an accurate assessment of cancer stage and prognostic factors. The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours serves as the globally recognised standard reference for describing cancer stage and assessing treatment results. Now fully updated to reflect the results of the latest clinical research, it is indispensable for all clinicians, cancer registrars and researchers who work with malignant tumours.

Readers of the ninth edition of TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours will find:

• Updates in many tumour sites including, nasopharynx, HPV associated oropharynx, lung, thymus, mesothelioma, appendix, anal canal, cervix, vulva and prostate carcinoma;
• Revised and updated sections on Essential TNM and paediatric cancer staging;
• New classifications for medulloblastoma, cutaneous lymphoma, parathyroid carcinoma, adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal paraganglia tumours;
• Revised classification of prognostic factors for many malignancies.

TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours is an essential resource for anyone involved in cancer care, research or cancer control.