Principles of Instrumental Analysis

Section I: MEASUREMENT BASICS.
Section II: ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY.
Section III: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY.
Section IV: ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
Section V: SEPARATION METHODS.
Section VI: MISCELLANEOUS METHODS.
Appendices.
Index.

PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS is the standard for courses on the principles and applications of modern analytical instruments. In the 7th edition, authors Skoog, Holler, and Crouch infuse their popular text with updated techniques and new Instrumental Analysis in Action case studies. Updated material enhances the book's proven approach, which places an emphasis on the fundamental principles of operation for each type of instrument, its optimal area of application, its sensitivity, its precision, and its limitations. The text also introduces students to elementary analog and digital electronics, computers, and the treatment of analytical data. A companion website is available, providing students with tutorials on instrumental methods, Excel files of data analysis, and simulations of analytical techniques to help them visualize important concepts. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are provided for most references to the primary literature.

New to this edition

Chapter 15, "Molecular Luminescence Spectrometry," includes new material on fiber-optic fluorescence sensors and fluorescence imaging methods. Chapter 20, "Molecular Mass Spectrometry," includes a new section on atmospheric pressure ionization methods and updated sections on MALDI and electrospray ionization. Chapter 21, "Surface Characterization by Spectroscopy and Microscopy," now includes a discussion of ellipsometry.

All chapters have been revised and updated with recent references to the literature of analytical chemistry. Throughout the book, new and updated methods and techniques are described, and photos of specific commercial instruments have been added. Modern topics include laser-based spectrometry, fluorescence quenching and lifetime measurements, tandem mass spectrometry, and biosensors.

New or updated Instrumental Analysis in Action features appear at the end of each section. One of the new case studies discusses the bisphenol A controversy and the role of chromatography in this environmental problem. The second new case study covers the role of neutron activation analysis in the many investigations of the John F. Kennedy assassination. The case studies expand on the methods introduced in each section and show how they can be applied to specific analytical problems. These stimulating examples have been selected from the forensic, environmental, and biomedical areas.

Because many instrumental techniques have been or are being used in NASA's exploration of Mars, the authors present the principles and applications of these methods where appropriate.

Chapter 7, "Components of Optical Instruments," includes updated information on laser sources, array transducers, and FT instruments.

Chapter 10, "Atomic Emission Spectrometry," contains new information on plasma spectrometers including multi-channel, array detector systems, and laser-based plasma instruments. Chapter 11, "Atomic Mass Spectrometry" includes an updated discussion of time-of-flight MS and a new description of distance-of-flight MS. Chapter 12, "Atomic X-Ray Spectrometry," includes a discussion of modern bench top and hand-held energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence instruments.

Chapter 23, "Potentiometry," contains updated material on biosensors and biomedical applications of potentiometry. Chapter 25, "Voltammetry," has been updated to emphasize solid electrodes, thin-film electrodes and microelectrodes.

Chapter 27, "Gas Chromatography," and Chapter 28, "Liquid Chromatography," have been updated to reflect current practice and modern instrumentation. Chapter 29, "Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction" has been revised substantially to place more emphasis on packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography. Chapter 30, "Capillary Electrophoresis, Electrochromatography, and Field-Flow Fractionation" has been updated to reflect the various types of FFF methods.

Updated instrumentation for thermal methods is described in Chapter 31, "Thermal Methods." Chapter 34, "Particle Size Determination," has also been updated to provide greater coverage for students.

Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) have been added to most references to the primary literature. These universal identifiers greatly simplify the task of locating articles by a link from the website www.doi.org. A DOI may be typed into a form on the website homepage, and when the identifier is submitted, the browser transfers directly to the article on the publisher's website. Many journals permit unauthorized users to access abstracts of articles without a subscription. Thus, preliminary research may be accomplished without full authorization.

Many new and revised charts, diagrams, and plots contain data, curves, and waveforms calculated from theory or obtained from the original literature to provide an accurate and realistic representation.

The book's companion website www.tinyurl.com/skoogpia7 includes more than 100 interactive tutorials on instrumental methods, simulations of analytical techniques, exercises, and animations to help students visualize important concepts. In addition, Excel files containing data and sample spreadsheets are available for download. Selected papers from the chemical literature are also available as PDF files to engage student interest and to provide background information for study. Throughout the book, an icon alerts and encourages students to incorporate the website into their studies.