Clinical Neurology. LANGE

Chapter 1. NeurologicHistory & Examination

• Neurologic examination ofsphincter function

Chapter 2. InvestigativeStudies

• Neuromuscular imaging studies
• Update on ultrasonography forneuromuscular diagnosis

Chapter 3. Coma

• Introduction
• Role of prefrontal cortex in consciousness
• Causes of coma
• Spontaneous intracranialhypotension as a cause of coma
• Persistent vegetative state
• New imaging insights intopersistent vegetative & minimally conscious states
• Treatment of traumatic vegetative &minimally conscious states with amantadine

Chapter 4. ConfusionalStates

• Drugs
• Serotonin syndrome
• Electrolyte disorders
• Antidepressant-inducedhyponatremia
• Endocrine & metabolic disorders
• Mechanisms of impairedhypoglycemia sensing in treated diabetes
• Nutritional disorders
• Furosemide-induced thiaminedeficiency
• Organ system failure
• ICU delirium
• Postoperative cognitivedysfunction
• Meningitis, encephalitis & sepsis
• Mechanism of N. meningitidis vascular spread
• Dysregulated host inflammatoryresponse in tuberculous meningitis
• CSF findings in HIV-infectedpatients with tuberculous meningitis
• Tick-borne encephalitis & (re-emergent)yellow fever
• Nipah virus encephalitis
• Updated diagnostic testing forviral encephalitis
• New recommendation on empiricaltreatment of toxoplasmosis in AIDS
• Fexinidazole for treatment of Africantrypanosomiasis
• Mechanism of meningeal invasion inleukemia

Chapter 5. Dementia& Amnestic Disorders

• Introduction
• Somatic neuronal mutations in aging and neurodegeneration
• Differential diagnosis
• Biomarker-based diagnostic algorithms for dementia syndromes
• Neurodegenerativeproteinopathies
• Tau folding in Alzheimer vs. Pickdisease
• Tau-disrupted nucleocytoplasmictransport in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis
• Contrasting mechanisms ofaggregate toxicity in neurodegeneration
• Herpes simplex virus infection andAlzheimer disease
• Inflammation in Alzheimer diseasepathogenesis
• Meningeal lymphatics (glymphatics)in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis
• Blood pressure and risk of Alzheimerdisease
• Relation between epilepsy anddementia
• Exercise training in dementia
• Sex differences in Alzheimerdisease
• Spatial navigation deficits asearly signs of Alzheimer disease
• Subjective cognitive decline in relationto Alzheimer disease
• Update on biomarkers for Alzheimerdisease
• Concomitant neurodegenerativeproteinopathies
• Update on clinical trials oftreatments for Alzheimer disease (eg, solanezumab, verubecestat)
• Clinical and pathologicalcorrelates of primary progressive aphasia variants
• New consensus guidelines fordiagnosis & treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies
• Skin prions in Creutzfeldt-Jakobdisease infectivity and diagnosis
• Other cerebral disorders
• Shunting response to gait vs. dementia in normal pressurehydrocephalus
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus vs.neurodegenerative ventriculomegaly
• Mild traumatic brain injury & dementia
• Systemic disorders
• Subclinical hyperthyroidism &dementia
• Pseudodementia
• Features of memory impairment in depression
• Amnestic syndromes
• Update on antibody-mediatedencephalitis antigens & treatment

Chapter 6. Headache& Facial Pain

• Migraine
• Triptans, SSRIs & serotoninsyndrome
• CGRP receptor-blocking monoclonalantibodies (eg, erenumab, fremanezumab)
• Prochlorperazine plusdiphenhydramine vs. hydromorphone for IV migraine therapy
• Vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapyfor migraine
• Reconsideration of medicationoveruse headache
• Update on sustained release drugs
• Safety of migraine drugs in pregnancyand breast-feeding
• Cluster headache
• CGRPreceptor-blocking monoclonal antibodies
• Giant cell arteritis
• Tocilizumab for treatment ofgiant-cell arteritis
• Intracranial mass
• Molecular classification of braintumors
• Subventricular zone origin ofglioblastoma multiforme
• Nivolumab plus ipilimumab formelanoma brain metastases

Chapter 7. Neuro-OphthalmicDisorders

• Update on imaging of optic nervedisorders (optical coherence tomography)
• Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy inobstructive sleep apnea
• Erectile dysfunction drugs & nonarteritic anterior ischemicoptic neuropathy
• Updated consensus management ofpseudotumor cerebri
• Update on imaging of giant cellarteritis (ultrasound, MRI, PET)
• Charles Bonnet syndrome incortical blindness

Chapter 8. Disordersof Equilibrium

• New Figure: Sites of involvement in peripheral vestibular disorders
• Peripheral vestibular disorders
• Self-treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Cerebellar & central vestibulardisorders
• Autoimmune septin-5 cerebellarataxia
• Cerebellar histiocytosis
• Sensory ataxias
• Nonataxic symptoms in FriedreichAtaxia

Chapter 9. MotorDisorders

• Spinal cord disorders
• Ibudilast for treatment of progressivemultiple sclerosis
• Simvastatin for cognitivedysfunction in secondary progressivemultiple sclerosis
• Clinical differentiation oftransverse myelitis etiologies
• Circumferential resectioncord-compressing tumors (vs. decompressive laminectomy)
• Anterior horn cell disorders
• Kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) mutationsassociated with ALS
• Edaravone for treatment of ALS
• Nusinersen for treatment oflater-onset spinal muscular atrophy
• Disorders of peripheral nerve
• Critical illness neuromyopathy(updating critical illness polyneuropathy) & management
• Disorders of neuromuscular transmission
• Bilevel positive airway pressure(BiPAP) for myasthenic crisis
• Tensilon (R)replaced by Enlon (R) (both edrophonium) for myasthenia testing
• Eculizumab for treatment ofmyasthenia gravis

Chapter 10. SensoryDisorders

• New Table: Pharmacologic Treatment of Pain
• Approach to diagnosis
• Neuropathic itch: causes &treatment
• Polyneuropathies
• Guillain-Barresyndrome associated with bone and digestive organ surgery
• Autoantibodies in chronic inflammatory demyelinatingpolyradiculoneuropathy
• Polyneuropathy with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
• Fluoroquinolone-induced polyneuropathy
• Patisiran treatment of hereditarytransthyretin-mediated amyloidosis

Chapter 11. MovementDisorders

• Parkinsonism
• LRRK2 activation in idiopathic Parkinson disease
• Postural tremor subtypes in Parkinson disease
• Light therapy treatment of Parkinsondisease

Chapter 12. Seizures& Syncope

• Seizures
• Update on sustained release drugs
• Safety of anticonvulsant drugs inpregnancy and breast-feeding
• Newly approved anticonvulsantdrugs: clobazam, eslicarbazepine, perampanel,
• Cannabidiol for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut& Dravet syndromes
• Hypothermia not associated with betteroutcome in status epilepticus
• No increased risk of seizures withattention-deficit disorder medications
• Syncope
• Relative efficacy of nonpharmacologicinterventions for orthostatic hypotension

Chapter 13. Stroke

• Approach to diagnosis
• Updated epidemiology ofcerebrovascular disease
• Focal cerebral ischemia-approach to diagnosis
• Temporal trends in ischemic stroke subtypes
• Five-year risk of stroke after TIAor minor ischemic stroke (2018 study)
• Factors associated with emergencyroom misdiagnosis of stroke
• Focal cerebral ischemia-pathophysiology
• Skull bone marrow in post-strokeinflammatory response
• Focal cerebral ischemia-etiology
• New perspectives on cerebral smallvessel disease
• Preeclampsia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and stroke
• Late-life systolic and diastolicblood pressure and risk of stroke
• Intra-ictal blood pressure and poststroke cognitive impairment
• Blood lipid profiles in relationto stroke subtypes
• Psychological stress as a risk factor for stroke
• Sepsis as a risk factor for stroke
• Update on genetics, epidemiology& management of cerebrovascular fibromuscular dysplasia
• Update on ischemic stroke incancer patients and its treatment
• Stroke risk in occult and manifest cancers
• Biopsy vs. imaging findings in primaryCNS vasculitis
• Update on patent foramen ovaleclosure for cryptogenic stroke
• Effects of sex and aura on strokerisk in migraine
• Role of paradoxical embolism instroke in migraineurs
• Presentations and treatment updatein cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis
• Focal cerebral ischemia-prevention & treatment
• LDL cholesterol target levels forsecondary stroke prevention
• Stroke prevention in the veryelderly
• Hypercoagulability workup for nonatheroscleroticischemic stroke
• Aspirin for primary stroke preventionin diabetes mellitus
• Diagnosis & management of theantiphospholipid syndrome in stroke prevention
• Embolic stroke after leftventricular endocardial ablation
• American Heart Association 2018 guidelines for management of acuteischemic stroke
• Aspirin +/- clopidogrel for acute ischemic strokeand TIA
• Betrixaban vs. enoxaparin forstroke prophylaxis in hospitalized patients
• Ezetimibe for stroke prevention inacute coronary syndrome
• Rivaroxaban +/-aspirin for secondary stroke prevention
• Rivaroxaban vs.aspirin for secondary prevention after cryptogenic stroke
• Andexanet alfa for reversing bleeding from factor Xa inhibitor treatment
• Timing for initiating statin therapy after acute ischemic stroke
• Warfarin vs. vitamin K antagonists for embolic stroke prevention inatrial fibrillation
• Reappraisal of endarterectomy forasymptomatic carotid stenosis
• Leukoaraiosis & risk of hemorrhage after thrombolysis
• Tenecteplase versus alteplase thrombolysis before thrombectomy forischemic stroke
• Safety of thrombolysis in patients on non-vitamin K antagonist oralanticoagulants
• Time to endovascular treatment and outcome in acute ischemic stroke
• Endovascular thrombectomy 6-24hours after stroke onset
• MRI-guided thrombolysis for stroke withunknown time of onset
• Endovascular therapy for distalintracranial occlusions
• Effect of intravenous thrombolysisprior to mechanical thrombectomy on stroke outcome
• Effect of interhospital transferon stroke outcome after thrombectomy
• EmboTrap thrombectomy for acuteischemic stroke from large-vessel occlusion
• Conscious sedation vs. localanesthesia for endovascular treatment of stroke
• Cervical nerve transfer for limbparalysis after stroke
• Focal cerebral ischemia-complications & rehabilitation
• Mechanisms of cardiac complications after stroke
• Hyperglycemia & post-strokeinfection
• Microbiological etiologies of pneumonia complicating stroke
• Post-stroke fatigue and itstreatment
• Post-stroke anxiety subtypes
• Long-term risk of post-strokeseizures
• Mechanisms of motor compensationafter stroke
• Robotic exosuits for strokerehabilitation
• Intracerebral hemorrhage
• Etiology of deep vs. superficial cerebellar hemorrhage
• Update on etiology & outcome of perimesencephalic hemorrhage
• Risk of intracerebral hemorrhage from warfarin vs. direct oralanticoagulants
• Effects of statins on incidence of intracerebral and subarachnoidhemorrhage
• Blood pressure target to prevent brain ischemia after intracerebralhemorrhage
• Genetics of intracranial aneurysms
• Medical vs. interventional therapy for unruptured brain AVMs: results ofrandomized trial
• Spetzler-Martin grading scale & treatment of brain AVMs
• Update on genetics and bleedingrisk of cranial cavernous malformations
• Global cerebral ischemia
• Early hyperoxia and neurologicalfunction after cardiac arrest
• Epinephrine & neurological outcomeafter cardiac arrest

The clearest, most concise coverage of one of the most complex topics in medicine-updated with the latest advances in the field

Clinical Neurology, Eleventh Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of basic and clinical neurology in a concise, digestible format. It links clinical neuroscience to current approaches for accurately diagnosing and effectively treating neurologic disorders. Covering all the advances in molecular biology and genetics, this popular guide emphasizes history-taking and neurologic examination as the cornerstones of diagnosis. All information is thoroughly up-to-date and presented as a practice-oriented approach to neurology based on the patient's presenting symptoms or signs.

• 350+ tables and figures
• Chapter outlines providing overview of each topic
• Treatment protocols reflecting the most recent advances in the field
• Step-by-step review of the neurologic examination