Noninvasive Molecular Markers in Gynecologic Cancers

GENERAL

Overview of Gynecologic Cancers
Ikbal Kaygusuz, Aydin Kosus, and Hasan Kafali

Cytogenetic Early Markers in Gynecologic Cancers
Murat Oznur, Serap Dede, Debmalya Barh, and Mehmet Gunduz

BREAST CANCER

Early Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar, Snehal Suryavanshi, and Prerna Raina

Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Breast Invasive Lesions
Maria C. Calomarde, Carlos Iglesias, Elisa Moreno-Palacios, Javier De Santiago, and Ignacio Zapardiel

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Familial Breast Cancer
Burak Yilmaz, Catherine A. Moroski-Erkul, Omer Faruk Hatipoglu, Esra Gunduz, Debmalya Barh, and Mehmet Gunduz

DNA Methylation: An Epigenetic Marker of Breast Cancer Influenced by Nutrients Acting as an Environmental Factor
Tarique N. Hasan, Gowhar Shafi, B. Leena Grace, Jesper Tegner, and Anjana Munshi

CERVICAL CANCER

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer
Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar, Amit S. Choudhari, and Savita Pandita

Biomarkers in Cervical Cancer: DNA HR-HPV, p16INK4a, Ki-67, and RNA-m E6/E
María Serrano, María-Dolores Diestro, Marcos Cuerva, Ignacio Zapardiel, Adolfo Loayza, Alicia Hernan, and Javier De Santiago

Biomarkers of Nucleotide Metabolism in Cervical Cancer
Charles A. Kunos, Lauren Shunkwiler, and Gina Ferris

OVARIAN CANCER

Noninvasive Early Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
Sharon A. O’Toole, Eugen Ancuta, Ream Langhe, Dolores J. Cahill, Mairead Murphy, Cara Martin, Lynda McEvoy, Cathy Spillane, Orla Sheils, Emmanuel Petricoin, Lance Liotta, and John J. O'Leary

Biomarkers in Ovarian Endometrioid Carcinoma
Murat Oznur, Serap Memik, Mehmet Gunduz, and Esra Gunduz

MUC16/CA125: A Candidate Tumor Marker for Diagnosis and Therapy in Ovarian Cancer
Houda Bouanene and Jemni Ben Chibani

Role of He4 in the Management of Ovarian Cancer
Daniel Abehsera, Javier De Santiago, and Ignacio Zapardiel

UTERINE AND FALLOPIAN TUBE CANCERS

Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer
Gokhan Nas, Tugce Yasar, Mehmet Gunduz, and Esra Gunduz

Biomarkers in Uterine Mesenchymal and Mixed Malignant Tumors
Rosario Rivera Buery and Esra Gunduz

Noninvasive Early Biomarkers in Fallopian Tube Carcinoma
Panagiotis Peitsidis

VAGINAL AND VULVAR CANCERS

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Vaginal Cancers
Zeynep Ocak, Muradiye Acar, Mehmet Gunduz, and Esra Gunduz

Noninvasive Early Biomarkers for Vulvar Cancer
Sara Iacoponi, Marcos Cuerva, Mar Gil, Elisa Moreno-Palacios, Alicia Hernan, Javier De Santiago, and Ignacio Zapardiel

Early detection is critical for any given cancer. With the advent of the latest omics technologies, molecular markers in combination with conventional diagnostic and screening methods are emerging as next-generation early diagnostic and prognostic strategies that can allow early-stage diagnosis, resulting in more effective treatment and patient care and, in turn, an increased rate of survival. A ready-made resource, Noninvasive Molecular Markers in Gynecologic Cancers not only provides information on noninvasive molecular diagnostic biomarkers, it includes coverage of the epidemiology, clinical features, conventional diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for these cancers.

With contributions from leading international experts, the book presents a compact but comprehensive overview of gynecologic cancer. Each of the five main gynecologic cancers—ovarian, cervical, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar—have unique signs and symptoms, risk factors, and molecular profile, and therefore requires different prevention strategies. This book describes the different features of each gynecologic cancer in separate chapters covering general information, epidemiology, clinical features, and biomarkers. The book also covers breast cancer and, although rare, fallopian tube cancer, to make it a complete resource.

In cancer treatment, non-invasive diagnosis can avoid complications of biopsy and other unfavorable impacts on patients’ health. DNA, methylation, SNPs, miRNA, mRNA, protein, autoantibodies, metabolite, and omics-based markers from remote media such as blood, plasma, and urine are emerging as noninvasive molecular markers with high specificity and sensitivity towards many cancers. This book classifies the available molecular tumor markers according to their principal characteristics and relative methodologies. It covers markers that not only provide early detection and better treatment options, but are emerging as next-generation personalized diagnostics and targets or therapeutics for personalized cancer treatment.