Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Causes, Controversies and Treatment

Part I: Basic Principles

1 The Epidemiology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Ole B. Christiansen

2 The Signaling between Embryo and Mother as a Basis for the Development of Tolerance

Eytan R. Barnea

3 Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: From Evidence-Based to Personalized Medicine

Howard J.A. Carp

Part II: Etiology

4 The Genetics of Spontaneous Abortions

Joe Leigh Simpson

5 The Endometrial Factor in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Luiza Borges Manna and Ying Cheong

6 Fetal Structural Malformations and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Howard J.A. Carp, Tomas Philipp, Micha Baum, and Michal Berkenstadt

7 The Endocrinology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Nicola Pluchinoi, Serena Bellaminutti, Panagiotis Drakopoulos, Antonis Makrigiannakis, and Andrea R Genazzani

8 The Etiology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Sara De Carolis, Giuseppina Monteleone, Rotem Inbar, Cristina Garufi, Miri Blank, and Yehuda Shoenfeld

9 Defects in Coagulation Factors Leading to Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Aida Inbal and Howard J.A. Carp

10 The Immunobiology of Recurrent Miscarriage

Marighoula Varla-Leftherioti. Theodora Keramitsoglou, and Christina Tsekoura

11 Immune Testing in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Jeffrey Braverman, Darren Ritsick, and Nadera Mansouri-Attia

12 Uterine Anomalies andRecurrent Pregnancy Loss

Daniel S. Seidman and Mordechai Goldenberg

13 The Male Factor in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Catherine F. Ingram, Nannan Thirumavalavan, Marc Goldstein, and Delores J. Lamb

Part III: The Developing Pregnancy

14 Ultrasound Follow-Up in Early Pregnancy

Akhila Vasudeva and Pratap Kumar

15 Threatened Miscarriage and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Howard J.A. Carp

16 The Role of Cerclage and Pessaries

Israel Hendler and Howard J.A. Carp

17 What Genetic Screening Is Appropriate in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?

Howard Cuckle

18 Obstetric Outcomes after Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Rakefet Yoeli-Ullman, Howard J.A. Carp, and Shali Mazaki-Tovi

Part IV: Management

19 Investigation Protocol for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Howard J.A. Carp

20 Debate: Should Progestogens Be Used in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? Yes

Ashok Kumar and Simar Kaur

21 Debate: Should Progestogens Be Used in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? No

Roy Mashiach

22 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Supplementation in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Carlo Ticconi, Adalgisa Pietropolli, and C.V. Rao

23 Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Management of the Obstetric Patient

Ashley E. Benson and D. Ware Branch

24 Can Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Be Prevented by Antithrombotic Agents?

Audrey A. Merriam and Michael J. Paidas

25 Empirical In Vitro Fertilization for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Is It a Valid Concept?

Michal Kirshenbam and Raoul Orvieto

26 Debate: Should PGT-A Still Be Performed in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? Yes

Carmen M. Garcia-Pascual, Pilar Lopez, Nasser Al-Asmar, Pere Mir, Lorena Rodrigo, Carlos Simon, and Carmen Rubio

27 Debate: Should PGT-A Still Be Performed in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? No

Raoul Orvieto and Norbert Gleicher

28 Third Party Reproduction in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Gautam Nand Allahbadia, Rubina Merchant, Akanksha Allahbadia Gupta, and A.H. Maham

Part V: Immunotherapy

29 Immunotherapy for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Salim Daya

30 IVIg treatment for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Carolyn B. Coulam

31 The Role of Filgrastrim

Fabio Scarpellini and Marco Sbracia

32 Opinion: Immunotherapy Has No Place in the Treatment of Recurrent Pregnancy

Loss

Micha Baum

Major advances in genetics, immunology, and endocrinology have necessitated a new edition of this best-selling text. However, despite the advances, recurrent pregnancy loss presents a frustrating clinical problem. There is still disagreement about the number of pregnancy losses which warrant investigation and treatment and about which investigations should be performed.

This third edition provides an authoritative and comprehensive update on advances in the understanding and management of this troubling phenomenon, covering both basic scientific topics such as genetics and cytokines, and profiles major advances in immunology, endocrinology, and thrombotic mechanism. Clinical research is discussed, as is assessment of results when applying an evidence-based approach or a more personalised approach, which is now becoming possible due to advances in the diagnosis of cause. There are lively debates on the role of progestogens and immunotherapy, which remain controversial.

Designed for specialists working in reproductive medicine clinics and those involved with maternal-fetal care, the book is also ideal for generalists and gynecologists seeking a comprehensive view of developments in the field.

Howard J.A. Carp, MB BS, FRCOG, is Clinical Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.