BLACKWELL's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian

Contributors xvi

Preface xix

Acknowledgements xx

About the Companion Website xxi

Topics

Adenoviruses 1

Adrenal Gland Diseases 4

Aggression see Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming (374)

Air Sac Mites 8

Air Sac Rupture 10

Airborne toxicosis see Toxicosis (Airborne) (434)

Algal Biotoxins 13

Amyloidosis 15

Anemia 17

Angel Wing 20

Angular Limb Deformity (Splay Leg) 22

Anorexia 24

Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis see Toxicosis (Anticoagulant Rodenticides) (436)

Arboviruses see Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses; Usutu Virus; (145)

West Nile Virus (478)

Arthritis see Joint Diseases (241)

Ascites 27

Aspergillosis 30

Aspiration Pneumonia 33

Atherosclerosis 36

Atoxoplasmosis see Coccidiosis (Systemic) (104)

Avian Influenza 40

Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy 43

Avocado poisoning see Toxins (Ingested, Gastrointestinal) (448)

Avulaviruses see Othoavulaviruses (323)

Baylisascaris see Neural Larva Migrans (300)

Beak Injuries 45

Beak Malocclusion (Lateral Beak Deformity) 48

Beak Malocclusion (Mandibular Prognathism) 51

Behavior see Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming (374)

Bite wounds see Wounds (Including Bite Wounds, Predator Attacks) (481)

Bordetellosis 53

Bornaviral Disease (Aquatic Birds) 56

Bornaviral Disease (Psittaciformes) 58

Botulism 62

Brachial Plexus Injury 64

Brain tumors see Neoplasia (Neurological) (305)

Bumblefoot see Pododermatitis (358)

Bursa of Fabricius Diseases 66

Campylobacteriosis 70

Candidiasis 72

Capture Myopathy (Exertional Rhabdomyolysis) 74

Cardiac disease see Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Diseases (114)

Carbamate toxicity see Toxicosis (Environmental, Pesticides) (439)

Central nervous system tumors see Neoplasia (Neurological) (290)

Cere and Skin Color Changes 77

Cervicocephalic diverticulum rupture see Air Sac Rupture (10)

Chlamydiosis 79

Cholera see Pasteurellosis (345)

Chronic Egg Laying 82

Circovirus (Psittacines) 85

Circoviruses (Non- Psittacine Birds) 87

Cloacal bursa diseases see Bursa of Fabricius Diseases (66)

Cloacal Diseases 89

Cloacal Prolapse 92

Clostridiosis 95

Coagulopathies and Coagulation 98

Coccidiosis (Intestinal) 101

Coccidiosis (Systemic) 104

Coelomic Distension 107

Colibacillosis 111

Congestive Heart Failure 114

Conjunctivitis see Ocular Lesions (313)

Constricted toe see Toe and Nails (Diseases of) (426)

Coxiellosis 116

Crop Burn 118

Crop stasis see Ileus (Functional Gastrointestinal, Crop Stasis) (233)

Cryptococcosis 120

Cryptosporidiosis 122

Degenerative joint disease see Joint Diseases (241)

Dehydration [see also Hypotension] 125

Dermatitis 127

Diabetes Insipidus 130

Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia 132

Diarrhea 134

Discospondylitis 136

Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia 139

Dyspnea see Respiratory Distress (386)

Dystocia and Egg Binding 142

Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses (EEV/WEEV) 145

Ectoparasites (Mites) 148

Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, Dipterans) 151

Egg Abnormalities 154

Egg binding see Dystocia and Egg Binding (142)

Egg Yolk and Reproductive Coelomitis 158

Electrocution 160

Emaciation 162

Embryonic death/hatching failure see Egg Abnormalities (154)

Endoparasites see Helminthiasis; Coccidiosis; Neural Larva Migrans (300)

Enteritis and Gastritis 165

Enterococcal spondylitis see Discospondylitis (136)

Exertional rhabdomyolysis see Capture Myopathy (74)

Feather Cyst 168

Feather- Damaging and Self- Injurious Behavior 170

Feather Disorders 174

Flagellate Enteritis [see also Trichomoniasis] 177

Foreign Bodies (Gastrointestinal) 180

Foreign Bodies (respiratory) see Tracheal Diseases (457)

Fractures 183

Frostbite see Hypothermia (231)

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies see Foreign Bodies (Gastrointestinal) (180)

Gastritis see Enteritis and Gastritis (165)

Giardiasis see Flagellate Enteritis (177)

Goiter see Thyroid Diseases (424)

Gout see Renal Disease and Hyperuricemia (380)

Head trauma see Neurologic Trauma (305)

Heart failure see Congestive Heart Failure (114)

Heat Stroke 186

Heavy metal toxicity see Toxicosis (Heavy Metals) (443)

Helminthiasis (Body Cavity and Cardiovascular) 188

Helminthiasis (Gastrointestinal) 190

Helminthiasis (Neurological) see Neural Larva Migrans (300)

Helminthiasis (Respiratory) 193

Hemochromatosis see Iron Storage Disease (239)

Hemoparasites 196

Hemorrhage 199

Hepatic Lipidosis 203

Hepatitis see Liver Disease (250)

Hernia/Pseudohernia 206

Herpesvirus (chicken) see Marek’s Disease; (261)

Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens (389)

Herpesvirus (Columbid Herpesvirus 1 in Pigeons and Raptors) 208

Herpesvirus (Duck Viral Enteritis) 210

Herpesvirus (Passerine Birds) 213

Herpesvirus (Psittacid Herpesviruses) 215

Histomoniasis 218

Horner Syndrome 220

Hypercholesterolemia see Dyslipidemia (139)

Hyperglycemia see Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia (132)

Hyperlipidemia see Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia (139)

Hyperparathyroidism see Metabolic Bone Disease (263)

Hyperthermia see Heat Stroke (186)

Hyperuricemia 222

Hypocalcemia (and Hypomagnesemia) 225

Hypotension and Hypovolemia 228

Hypothermia 231

Hypothyroidism see Thyroid Diseases (424)

Hypovitaminosis A see Nutritional Imbalances (308)

Ileus (Functional Gastrointestinal, Crop Stasis) 233

Infectious bronchitis see Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens (389)

 Infectious laryngotracheitis see Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens (389)

Infertility 236

Ingested toxicosis see Toxicosis (Ingested) (448)

Ingluvial hypomotility see Ileus (Functional Gastrointestinal, Crop Stasis) (233)

Iron Storage Disease 239

Joint Diseases 241

Knemidocoptic mites see Ectoparasites (Mites) (148)

Lameness 243

Lead see Toxicosis (Heavy Metals) (443)

Leukemia see Neoplasia (284)

Leukocytosis 247

Leukosis virus (avian) see Retroviruses in Galliformes (393)

Lice see Ectoparasites (Ticks, Lice, Dipterans) (151)

 Lipoma see Neoplasia (Integument) (284) Liver Disease 250

Lung Diseases [see also Pneumonia; Toxicosis (Airborne and Respiratory Distress)] 253

Luxations 256

Lymphosarcoma see Neoplasia (Lymphoproliferative) (286)

Macrorhabdus Ornithogaster 259

Malaria see Hemoparasites (196)

Malnutrition see Emaciation (162)

Mandibular prognathism see Beak Malocclusion (Mandibular Prognathism) (51)

Marek’s Disease 261

Metabolic Bone Disease 263

Microsporidiosis/Encephalitozoon 266

Mites see Ectoparasites (Mites) (148)

Mycobacteriosis 268

Mycoplasmosis 271

Mycotoxicosis 274

Myiasis 277

Myocardial Diseases 279

Nails (diseases of) see Toes and Nails (Diseases of) (426)

Neoplasia (Gastrointestinal and Hepatic) 282

Neoplasia (Integument) 284

Neoplasia (Lymphoproliferative) 286

Neoplasia (Neurologic) 290

Neoplasia (Renal) 293

Neoplasia (Reproductive) 295

Neoplasia (Respiratory) 298

Neural Larva Migrans 300

Neurologic (Non- Traumatic Diseases) 302

Neurologic (Trauma) 305

Newcastle disease see Orthoavulaviruses (323)

Nutritional Imbalances [see also Hypovitaminosis A] 308

Obesity 311

Ocular Lesions 313

Oil Exposure 316

Oral Plaques 320

Organophosphate toxicity see Toxicosis (Environmental, Pesticides) (439)

Orthoavulaviruses 323

Osteomyelosclerosis see Polyostotic Hyperostosis (367)

Otitis 327

Ovarian Diseases 330

Overgrown beak see Beak Malocclusion (48)

Oviductal Diseases 334

Pacheco’s disease see Herpesviruses (Psittacids) (215)

Pain 337

Pancreatic Diseases 340

Papillomatosis (Cutaneous) 343

Papillomatosis, internal see Herpesvirus (208)

Paramyxoviruses see Orthoavulaviruses (323)

Parasites (external) see Ectoparasites (148)

Parasites (internal) see Helminthiasis; Coccidiosis; Neural Larva Migrans (300)

Pasteurellosis 345

Patagium Diseases 347

Perosis/Slipped Tendon 349

Phallus Prolapse 351

Pituitary tumors see Neoplasia (Neurological) (290)

Plant toxins see Toxicosis (Ingested, Gastrointestinal) (448)

Pneumonia 354

Pododermatitis 358

Polydipsia 362

Polyfolliculitis see Dermatitis (127)

Polyomavirus 365

Polyostotic Hyperostosis 367

Polyuria 369

Poxvirus 371

Predator attack see Wounds (Including Bite Wounds, Predator Attacks) (481)

Problem Behaviors: Aggression, Biting and Screaming 374

Prolapses (see Cloacal Prolapse) (92)

Proventricular Dilatation Disease (see Bornaviral Diseases) (56)

Proventricular diseases (see Enteritis and Gastritis) (165)

Psittacine beak and feather disease (see Circoviruses) (85)

PTFE toxicosis see Toxicosis (Environmental/Pesticides) (439)

Regurgitation and Vomiting 378

Renal Diseases 380

Reovirus 384

Respiratory Distress 386

Respiratory foreign bodies see Tracheal Diseases (457)

Respiratory Infections of Backyard Chickens [see also Mycoplasmosis] 389

Retroviruses in Galliformes 393

Rhinitis and Sinusitis 395

Rotavirus 398

Salmonellosis 400

Salpingitis see Oviductal Diseases (334)

Sarcocystosis 402

Scissors beak see Beak Malocclusion (Lateral Beak Deformity) (48)

Seizures 405

Self-injurious behavior see Feather-Damaging and Self-Injurious Behavior (170)

Sepsis 408

Sick-Bird Syndrome 411

Smoke inhalation injury see Toxicosis (Airborne) (434)

Spinal trauma see Neurologic Trauma (305)

Spirochete Infection 413

Spironucleus see Flagellate (Intestinal) (177)

Splay Leg see Angular Limb Deformities (22)

Spleen (Diseases of) 415

Squamous Cell Carcinoma see Neoplasia (Integument) (284)

Squamous metaplasia see Hypovitaminosis A (308)

Stroke see Atherosclerosis (36)

Syringeal disease see Tracheal and Syringeal Diseases (457)

Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis 418

Thymus (Diseases of) 422

Thyroid Diseases 424

Toe and Nail Diseases 426

Togaviruses see Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses (145)

Tongue Diseases 431

Toxicosis (Airborne) 434

Toxicosis (Anticoagulant Rodenticide) 436

Toxicosis (Environmental, Pesticides) 439

Toxicicosis (Heavy Metals) 443

Toxicosis (Iatrogenic) 445

Toxicosis (Ingested, Gastrointestinal) 448

Toxicosis (Vitamin D) 452

Toxoplasmosis 454

Tracheal and Syringeal Diseases 457

Trauma [see also Neurologic Trauma] 461

Trichomoniasis 465

Tumors see Neoplasia (284)

Undigested Food in Droppings 468

Urate and Fecal Discoloration 471

Uropygial Gland Disease 474

Usutu Virus 476

Viral diseases see individual named viral diseases (56)

Vitamin D toxicosis see Toxicosis (Vitamin D) (452)

West Nile Virus 478

Wing droop see Brachial Plexus Avulsion; Fractures; Luxations (64)

Wounds (Including Bite Wounds, Predator Attacks) 481

Xanthoma/Xanthogranulomamatosis 484

Yersiniosis 486

Yolk Sac Retention and Infection 488

Young pigeon syndrome see Circovirus (85)

Zinc see Toxicosis (Heavy Metals) (443)

Appendix I: Common Dosages for Birds 490

Appendix II: Avian Hematology Reference Values 497

Appendix III: Laboratory Testing (USA) 499

Appendix IV: Viral Diseases of Concern 504

Appendix V: Selected Zoonotic Diseases of Concern and Personal Protection 511

Appendix VI: Common Avian Toxins and Their Clinical Signs 513

Appendix VII: Avian Taxonomy 516

Appendix VIII: Clinical Algorithms 523

Algorithm 1: Sick-Bird Syndrome 523

Algorithm 2: Diarrhea 524

Algorithm 3: Regurgitation/Vomiting 525

Algorithm 4: Respiratory Distress 526

Algorithm 5: Coelemic Distension 527

Algorithm 6: Egg Binding 528

Algorithm 7: Anemia 529

Algorithm 8: Oropharyngeal Lesions 530

Algorithm 9: Neurologic Signs 531

Algorithm 10: Polydipsia 532

Algorithm 11: Polyuria 533

Algorithm 12: Feather Loss 534

Algorithm 13: Lameness 535

Algorithm 14: Hyperuricemia 536

Algorithm 15: Hepatopathy 537

Algorithm 16: Wing Droop 538

Algorithm 17: Respiratory Distress in Chickens 539

Algorithm 18: Cloacal Prolapse 540

Index 541

Quick reference to essential information on 200 diseases and conditions commonly seen in birds in clinical practice.

Covering topics ranging from infectious and non-infectious diseases to diseases by organ system, Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian fills a unique niche by providing comprehensive information on common topics in avian medicine in a highly organized and efficient manner, allowing busy practitioners and students to quickly find much needed information. A companion website provides algorithms, procedure guides, and client education handouts, which can be downloaded, edited, and given to clients.

Written by the leading experts in the field, this newly revised Second Edition offers close to 200 identically formatted topics on avian conditions, with updated and expanded information on non-infectious disease topics like neoplasia, beak malocclusion, diseases of the bursa, nails, and tongue, among others, and infectious disease topics such as herpesviruses, helminthiasis, arboviruses and backyard poultry infectious diseases. This latest edition has been expanded by more than 50% and numerous subjects have been restructured and expanded. Other topics covered in Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian include:

• Viral Diseases including circovirus, bornavirus, avian influenza, west nile virus, polyomavirus, poxvirus, and herpesviruses
• Bacterial Diseases including colibacillosis, campylobacteriosis, chlamydiosis, pasteurellosis, clostridiosis, salmonellosis, and mycoplasmosis
• Fungal Diseases including aspergillosis, candidiasis, and macrorhabdosis
• Parasites including flagellates, coccidia, myiasis, ectoparasites, helminths, and toxicosis including iatrogenic, ingested, airborne, algal biotoxins, heavy metals, and pesticides
• Orthopedic and traumatic conditions such as beak injuries, neurologic trauma, fractures, luxations, joint diseases and wounds, with neoplasia by organ system
• Critical Care including hypotension, respiratory distress, seizures, hemorrhage, pain, and internal medicine including cardiac disease, cloacal diseases, ocular diseases, diabetes insipidus, atherosclerosis and thyroid diseases

For veterinary students, busy avian practitioners, practitioners in mixed practice who want quick access to reliable information, and emergency clinicians presented with the occasional bird, Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Avian is an invaluable, accessible, and highly practical reference to add to your practice library.

Hugues Beaufrère, DVM, PhD, DACZM, DECZM(Avian), DABVP(Avian), is Associate Professor of Companion Zoological Medicine and Surgery in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis in Davis, California, USA.

Jennifer E. Graham, DVM, DACZM, DABVP (Avian, Exotic Companion Mammal), is the owner of Graham Veterinary Consulting, LLC in Madison, Alabama, USA.