Atlas of Pediatric Oral and Dental Developmental Anomalies

Preface

About the Companion Website

Chapter I: Oral and Dental Anatomy

The Oral Cavity

1.1 Soft Tissues

1.1.1 The Lips

1.1.2 The Palate

1.1.3 The tongue

1.1.4 The Cheek

1.1.5 Floor of the mouth

1.1.6 The Periodontium

1.2 Hard Tissues

1.2.1 Bone; Maxilla & Mandible

1.2.1.1 The Alveolar Bone

1.2.1.2 Body of Maxilla or Mandible

1.2.1.3 Condyle and TMJ

1.2.2 Teeth

1.2.2.1 Types

Incisors

Canines

Premolars

Molars

1.2.2.2 Dental Anatomy

Crown

Root

Cervical Area

Dental Pulp

1.2.2.3 Occlusion

Chapter II: Histology and Embryology of the tooth and periodontium

2.1 Tooth Histology

2.1.1 Enamel

2.1.1.1 Striae of Retzius

2.1.1.2 Hunter Scherger bands

2.1.1.3 Gnarled Enamel (Spiral enamel)

2.1.1.4 Enamel tufts and Lamella:

2.1.1.5 Enamel surface

2.1.2 Dentine

2.1.2.1 Dentinal Tubules

2.1.2.2 Intra tubular Dentine

2.1.2.3 Inter tubular Dentine

2.1.2.4 Inter globular Dentine

2.1.2.5 Incremental Line

2.1.3 Granular Layer of Tomes

2.1.4 Cementum

2.1.4.1 Cemental connective tissue

2.1.4.2 Fibrous Matrix

2.1.5 Dental Pulp

2.1.6 Periodotium

2.2 Tooth Embryology: Life cycle of the tooth includes the following stages

2.2.1 Initiation (Bud) stage

2.2.2 Proliferation (Cap) stage

2.2.3 Histo-differentiation & Morpho-differentiation (Bell) stage

2.2.4 Apposition and calcification

Chapter III: Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Teeth development disturbances:

3.1 Prevalence and Incidence

3.2 Diagnosis and Classification of Disturbances in Teeth

3.2.1 Source of disturbance

Genetic

Congenital

Acquired

3.2.2 Extent of the involved dentition

Localized

Generalized

3.2.3 Structure involved

Enamel defect

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Hypoplastic

Hypomature

Hypocalcified

Combined

Dentine defects

Dentinal dysplasia

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Cementum defects

Hypercementosis

Hypocementosis

Acementosis

Enamel/Dentine/Cementum defect

Odontodysplasia

Odontogenesis Imperfecta

Aplasia (Anodontia)

3.2.4 Teeth Morphology

Invagination

Evagination

Talon Cusp

Gemination

Fusion

Peg lateral

Hutchinson incisors

Mulberry Molars

Double teeth

Odontum

3.2.5 Teeth Size

Macrodontia

Microdontia

Radiation (root shortening)

3.2.6 Teeth Count

3.2.6.1 Hypodontia

Hypodont

Oligodont

Anodont

3.2.6.2 Hyperdontia

Mesiodense

Paramolar

Multiple extra

3.2.7 Color of the teeth

Food and Diet

Vitamins & Minerals

Ions (Fluoride)

Systemic Disease

Cystic fibrosis

High fever

Jundice

Dehydration

Medications

Trauma and infection

Chapter IV: Etiology and Pathology of teeth disturbances

4.1 Genetically originated defects

4.1.1 Disturbances of the teeth Count

4.1.1.1 Reduced in numbers; Missing teeth

Hypodontia

Oligodontia

Anodontia

4.1.1.2 Increased in numbers; Extra teeth

Supernumerary: Conical, Tuberculate, Supplemental Mesiodens

Supernumerary; Para molar

Supernumerary; Natal and Neo natal teeth

4.1.2 Disturbances in proportion and sizes of the teeth

Large Size-Macrodontia

Small Size-Microdontia

Short Roots

4.1.3 Disturbances of the teeth Morphology

4.1.3.1 Dense Invaginatus

4.1.3.2 Dense Evaginatus (Talon Cusp)

4.1.3.3 Peg Shaped laterals

4.1.3.4 Fusion

4.1.3.5 Gemination

4.1.3.6 Dilaceration

4.1.3.7 Concrescence

4.1.3.8 Taurodontism

4.1.3.9 Hutchinson Incisors and mulberry Molars

4.1.3.10 Odontomas

4.1.4 Defects of teeth Structures

4.1.4.1 Enamel Defects

Enamel hypoplasia

Localized Hypoplasia

Generalized Hypoplasia

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

Hypoplastic (Type I)

Hypocalcified (Type II)

Hypomature (Type III)

Mixed – Hypoplastic Hypomature (Type IV)

Congenital Defects

Environmental (acquired) defects

4.1.4.2 Dentine Defects

Dentinal dysplasia

Dentinogenesis imperfect

Dentine Cyst

4.1.4.3 Cementum defects

Hypercementosis

Hypocementosis

Acementosis

4.1.4.4 Enamel/Dentine/Cementum defects

Regional Odontodysplasia

Odontogenesis Imperfecta

Aplasia (Anodontia)

4.2 Congenital Diseases (In Uterus)

4.2.1 Erythroblastosis fetalis

4.2.2 Measles

4.2.3 Rubella

4.2.4 Pneomonia

4.2.5 Purphyria

4.2.6 Syphilis

4.2.7 Dehydration and liquid imbalance

4.3 Acquired (Environmental) Defects

4.3.1 Food and Diet

4.3.2 Vitamins & Minerals

4.3.3 Ions

4.3.4 Diseases and Drugs

infantile jaundice

Liver Disease, Liver transplant

Cystic Fibrosis and Antibiotic therapy

Lead Poisoning

Iron intake

4.3.5 Primary teeth Trauma and tooth infection

4.3.6 Short roots

Chapter V: Eruption Disturbances of Teeth; etiology and diagnosis

5.1 Definition

5.2 Delayed Eruption

5.3 Early Eruption

5.4 Failed exfoliation (primary dentition)

5.5 Early exfoliation /Loss of primary teeth

5.5.1 Localized factors

Trauma

Infection

Neoplasia

5.5.2 Systemic factors

Familial Fibrous Dysplasia (Cherubism)

Acrodynia

Hypophosphatasia

Pseudo Hypophosphatasia

Anomalous dental structures

Systemic diseases

5.6 Failed eruption and Impaction

5.7 Eruption Cyst

5.8 Ectopic Eruption and Transposition

5.9 Labial Frenulum and Lingual Frenulum

5.10 Under eruption-Infra occlusion

5.11 Over eruption

5.12 Palatal and Labial Clefts and Teeth eruption

5-13 Malocclusion

5.13.1 Class I Mal Occlusion

5.13.2 Class II Mal Occlusion

5.13.3 Class III Malocclusion

5.13.4 General Spacing and Diastema formation

5.14 Gingival Overgrowth

Chapter VI: Self evaluation Cases:

Self evaluation Case Answers

References

Written by world-renowned pediatric dentists, this easily accessible, well-illustrated reference covers a wide range of oral and dental developmental anomalies in children and adolescents, and includes rare as well as more common conditions.

Divided into two parts, the first part is dedicated to normal tissue initiation, formation, and development in the orodental region. The second part offers comprehensive pictorial descriptions of each condition and discussions of the treatment options available.

• A useful, quick reference atlas helping students and clinicians diagnose a wide range of oral and dental developmental anomalies in children and adolescents
• Highly illustrated with clinical photographs
• Describes both common and rare conditions, and explores treatment options

Atlas of Pediatric Oral and Dental Developmental Anomalies is an excellent resource for undergraduate dentistry students, postgraduate pediatric dentistry students, and pediatric dental practitioners.

About the Author

Ghassem Ansari DDS, MSc, PhD, FHD, ‎is Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran; and Adjunct Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, European University College, Dental School, Dubai, UAE.

Mojtaba Vahid Golpayegani DDS, MSD, FICD, is Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.

Professor Richard Welbury MB BS, BDS (Hons), PhD, FDSRCS, FDSRCPS, FRCPCH, HonFFGDP,is Professor of Pediatric Dentistry and Research Lead, School of Dentistry, College of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.