Introduction to Nanomedicine and Nanobioengineering

Description

This book is an introduction to the emerging field of nanomedicine and its applications to health care. It describes the many multidisciplinary challenges facing nanomedicine and discusses the required collaboration between chemists, physicists, engineers and clinicians. The book introduces the reader to nanomedicine's vast potential to improve and extend human life through the application of nanomaterials in diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Table of Contents

• PREFACE
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
1. Nanomedicine: A Global Vision
2. The Nanotechnology Revolution: Realization of Asimov's Fiction
3. Nanomedicine: A New Era in Personalized Medicine
4. Nanomedicine: A Promise or Reality?
5. A New Frontier: Multidisciplinary Challenges and Opportunities
6. Scope of the Book: Multidisciplinary Education, Training, and Research
2. THE HUMAN BODY
1. Introductory Concepts
2. Cellular Structure
3. Various Types of Cells
4. Biochemical Makeup of Cells
5. Other Important Cellular Components
6. Cellular Processes
7. Organization of Cells into Tissues
8. Types of Tissues and Their Functions
9. Various Organs and Organ Systems in the Body
10. Tumors and Cancers
3. NANOCARRIERS
1. Nanocarriers: Delivering Payloads to Needed Sites
2. The Various Nanoformulations for Nanomedicine
3. Viruses as Nanocarriers
4. Polymeric Nanocarriers
5. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers
6. Dendrimers
7. Carbon Nanostructures
8. Inorganic Nanoparticles
9. PEBBLE
10. Nanoclinics
11. Nanoplexes
12. New-Generation Nanocarriers
4. NANOCHEMISTRY OF NANOCARRIERS
1. Nanochemistry and Nanomedicine
2. Top-Down Approaches
3. Bottom-Up Approaches
4. Combination of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
5. Nanoparticle Surface Modification
6. Functionalization and Bioconjugation
5. MULTIFUNCTIONALITIES FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY
1. The Various Functionalities
2. Optical Functionalities
3. Optical Nanoprobes
4. Magnetic Functionality
5. Thermal Functionality
6. Radioactive Functionality
7. Biological Functionality
8. Multifunctionality
6. CROSSING THE BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
1. Various Delivery Pathways
2. Various Biological Barriers
3. Stealth Nanoparticles
4. The Various In Vitro Barrier Models
7. BIOTARGETING
1. Biotargeting: Why We Need It
2. Targeted Biological Sites
3. Intracellular Uptake
4. Targeting Strategies
5. Targeting Groups
8. MULTIMODAL BIOMEDICAL IMAGING
1. Biomedical Imaging Techniques
2. Optical Bioimaging
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4. X-Ray CT Imaging
5. Radio Imaging
6. Ultrasound Imaging
7. Photoacoustic Imaging
8. Multimodal Imaging
9. BIOSENSING
1. Principles of Biosensing
2. Optical Biosensors
3. Magnetic Biosensors
4. Electrical Biosensing
5. Electrochemical Biosensing
6. Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing
7. In Vivo Bioelectronic Sensors
10. HIGH-THROUGHPUT MULTIPLEXED DIAGNOSTICS
1. Comprehensive Diagnostic Strategy
2. Flow Cytometry
3. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4. Microarrays Technology
5. Suspension Bead Assay
11. NANOPHARMACOTHERAPY
1. Nanopharmacotherapy: An Overview
2. Modes of Nanoformulation for Nanopharmacotherapy
3. Pharmacokinetics
4. Biodistribution
5. Pharmacodynamics
6. Controlled Release by External Activation
12. THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND THERANOSTICS
1. Blood Fluidics and Cardiovascular System
2. Circulatory-System-Based Disease Profiling
3. Methods to Monitor Blood Flow
4. Therapeutic Approaches Utilizing Manipulation of Blood Flow
5. Lymph Node Mapping
6. Lymphatic Drug Delivery
13. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CANCER
1. Benefits of Cancer Nanotechnology
2. Chemotherapy
3. Cancer Gene Therapy
4. Photodynamic Therapy
5. Magnetic Therapy
6. Photothermal Therapy
7. Neutron Capture Therapy
8. Circulating Tumor Cells
9. NCI Alliance for Cancer Nanotechnology
14. GENE THERAPY
1. The Principles, Steps, and Impact of Gene Therapy
2. Methods of Gene Delivery
3. Gene Augmentation Therapy
4. Gene Silencing Therapy
5. Indirect Gene Therapy Modulating Innate Immune Response
6. Transmucosal Gene Delivery
15. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1. Pathogen Infections and Nanoparticle-Based Approaches
2. HIV
3. Influenza
4. Tuberculosis
5. Malaria
16. REJUVENATION THERAPY
1. Rejuvenation Therapy: Fantasy or Reality?
2. Free Radical Scavenging
3. Chelation Therapy
4. Hormone Therapy
17. STEM CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Stem Cell Biotechnology: Overview
2. Cell Reprogramming
3. Gene Transfection
4. Somatic Cell Transdifferentiation
5. Stem Cell Sorting
6. Stem Cell Tracking
18. TISSUE ENGINEERING
1. Tissue Engineering: Overview
2. Tissue Regeneration
3. Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering
4. Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering
5. Nanoparticle Delivery of Biomolecules
6. Magnetically Assisted Tissue Engineering
7. Tissue/Organ Printing
8. Tissue Bonding
19. NANODERMATOLOGY AND NANOCOSMETICS
1. Delivery Through Skin
2. Skin Care and Nanotechnology
3. Various Nanoparticles for Dermatology and Cosmetics
4. Nanodermatology
5. Nanocosmetics
6. Nanotoxicology of the Skin
20. NANODENTISTRY
1. Nanotechnology for Dental Care
2. Nanoparticles for Preventive Dentistry
3. Nanomaterials for Restorative Dentistry
4. Regenerative Dentistry
5. Nanoparticle-Enhanced Dental Imaging and Oral Diagnostics
6. Nanorobotics for Dentistry
21. NANOTOXICITY
1. Toxicity of Nanoparticles
2. Cytotoxicity
3. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays
4. In Vivo Toxicity
5. In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation
6. Nanotoxicity Studies on Selected Nanoparticles

• Highlights of the Chapter
• Exercises
• References
• INDEX

Author Information

PARAS N. PRASAD, PhD, is the SUNY Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Physics, Electrical Engineering, and Medicine; the Samuel P. Capen Chair of Chemistry; and the Executive Director of the Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics at the University at Buffalo. He was named among the top 50 science and technology leaders in the world by Scientific American in 2005. He has published 700 scientific and technical papers in high-impact journals, three monographs that practically defined the fields of organic nonlinear optics, biophotonics, and nanophotonics, eight edited books, and holds numerous patents. He is the recipient of many scientific awards and honors (Morley Medal; Schoellkopf Medal; Guggenheim Fellowship; Sloan Fellowship; Western New York Health Care Industries Technology/Discovery Award; Fellow of the APS, OSA, and SPIE). He is a pioneer in nanomedicine and nanobioengineering, and has been giving plenary, opening, and keynote lectures worldwide in this field.