Mri-Negative Epilepsy. Evaluation and Surgical Management

DESCRIPTION

Drug-resistant epilepsy with negative MRI is frequently seen in patients considered for epilepsy surgery; however, clinical evaluation and surgical treatment is very complex and challenging. Advanced imaging techniques are needed to detect the location of the epileptogenic zone. In most cases, intracranial EEG recording is required to delineate the region of seizure onset - this carries some risks of major complications. Moreover, the borders between the recorded seizure onset and the location of important brain functions are often indistinct in MRI-negative epilepsy. Overall, the outcome of MRI-negative surgery is less favorable than that of MRI-positive surgery, but it can significantly improve with optimal management. Each chapter critically appraises the role and value of specific diagnostic and treatment techniques to address the challenges of MRI-negative epilepsy surgery. Authors critique evidence and share their expertise on the diagnostic options and surgical approaches that make epilepsy surgery possible and worthwhile in patients with this condition.

• Content clearly organized by diagnostic and treatment options and approaches, and by the type of refractory epilepsy - helps readers learn and evaluate each diagnostic tool or treatment modality, and recognize the most appropriate ones for their own clinical or research settings
• State-of-the-art discussion and critical assessment of each diagnostic or treatment technique - permits readers to compare the strengths and limitations of each technique, and researchers to recognize areas that need further investigations
• Case discussions demonstrating the usefulness of specific diagnostic tools and treatment techniques - enhances readers' appreciation of how the tools and techniques are clinically applied, with the intended outcomes demonstrated

CONTENTS

Preface
1. Scope and implications of MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Elson L. So and Philippe Ryvlin
2. Seizure semiology and scalp EEG in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Soheyl Noachtar and Elisabeth Hartl
3. Clinical and advanced techniques for optimizing MRI in refractory focal epilepsy Neda Bernasconi and Andrea Bernasconi
4. PET in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Alexander Hammers
5. Advanced SPECT image-processing in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Elson L. So, Terence J. O'Brien and Benjamin H. Brinkmann
6. MEG and magnetic source imaging in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Koji Iida, Akira Hashizume and Hiroshi Otsubo
7. Electric source imaging in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Christoph M. Michel and Margitta Seeck
8. Functional MRI in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Friederike Möller and Stephan Ulmer
9. Multimodality image co-registration for MRI-negative epilepsy surgery Benjamin H. Brinkmann and Vlastimil Sulc
10. Subdural electrode implantation and recording in MRI-negative epilepsy surgery Michael R. Sperling and Christopher T. Skidmore
11. Depth electrode and stereoelectroencephalography in MRI-negative epilepsy Philippe Ryvlin, Alexandra Montavont, Karine Ostrowsky-Coste and Marc Guénot
12. Ultraslow and high-frequency recordings in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy Vlastimil Sulc and Gregory A. Worrell
13. Cortical mapping in MRI-negative epilepsy surgery Gonzalo Alarcón and Antonio Valentín
14. Localization and surgery for MRI-negative temporal lobe and temporal-plus epilepsies Sang Kun Lee and Hyejin Moon
15. Localization and surgery in MRI-negative frontal lobe epilepsies Chathurbhuj Rathore and Kurapath Radhakrishnan
16. Localization and surgery in MRI-negative posterior cortical epilepsies Christoph Baumgartner and Susanne Pirker
17. MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy in childhood Prasanna Jayakar and Michael Duchowny
18. Surgical approaches and techniques in MRI-negative focal epilepsy Sumeet Vadera and William Bingaman
19. Histopathology findings in MRI-negative focal epilepsy Ingmar Blümcke and Roland Coras
20. Neuropsychological issues in MRI-negative focal epilepsy surgery: evaluation and outcomes Rosana Esteller, Daniel L. Drane, Kimford J. Meador and David W. Loring
21. Conclusion Philippe Ryvlin and Elson L. So
Index.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Elson L. So, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Elson L. So is Professor of Neurology, Epilepsy and EEG, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Philippe Ryvlin, Department of Neurology, University of Lyon Medical Center
Philippe Ryvlin is Head of the Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Contributors

Elson L. So, Philippe Ryvlin, Soheyl Noachtar, Elisabeth Hartl, Neda Bernasconi, Andrea Bernasconi, Alexander Hammers, Terence J. O'Brien, Benjamin H. Brinkmann, Koji Iida, Akira Hashizume, Hiroshi Otsubo, Christoph M. Michel, Margitta Seeck, Friederike Möller, Stephan Ulmer, Vlastimil Sulc, Michael R. Sperling, Christopher T. Skidmore, Alexandra Montavont, Karine Ostrowsky-Coste, Marc Guénot, Gregory A. Worrell, Gonzalo Alarcón, Antonio Valentín, Sang Kun Lee, Hyejin Moon, Chathurbhuj Rathore, Kurapath Radhakrishnan, Christoph Baumgartner, Susanne Pirker, Prasanna Jayakar, Michael Duchowny, Sumeet Vadera, William Bingaman, Ingmar Blümcke, Roland Coras, Rosana Esteller, Daniel L. Drane, Kimford J. Meador, David W. Loring