Small Animal Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses

Description

Small Animal Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses is the first comprehensive resource on internal medicine written for the veterinary technician. Organized by body system, each chapter discusses pertinent diseases, from clinical signs, diagnostic testing and prevalence to treatment options and nursing considerations. Published in association with the Academy of Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians, this book offers both a thorough grounding in the foundations of internal medicine for student and new veterinary technicians and detailed, advanced information suitable for experienced veterinary technicians.

Coverage includes an overview of neurological disorders and discussion of the surgical, emergency, and nursing considerations for each condition. This complete reference, which includes a companion website with quizzes and images, is essential reading for veterinary technician students, practicing technicians, and those studying for the AIMVT specialty exam.

Hallmark Features

• Offers a detailed reference on internal medicine topics geared toward small animal technicians
• Logically organized by body system, with both basic and advanced information in each chapter
• Presents a chapter covering specific nursing subjects, including occupational health, drug implications, nutritional support, diagnostic procedures, thermoregulationm and endoscopy
• Equally useful for veterinary technician students, veterinary technicians in practice, and those studying for specialty certification
• Includes a companion website providing quizzes and additional images, as well as the images from the book in PowerPoint

Table of Contents

Contributors Preface

Chapter 1: Physical Examination

• Charting
• Goals of the consultation appointment
• Conclusion

Chapter 2: Endocrinology

• Section 1 Pituitary Gland
• Anatomy and physiology
• Growth hormone disorders
• Diabetes insipidus
• Section 2 Thyroid
• Canine hypothyroidism
• Feline hyperthyroidism
• Canine thyroid tumors
• Section 3 Parathyroid Glands and Endocrine Disease
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Section 4 Adrenal Gland
• Adrenal glands and endocrine disease
• Pheochromocytoma
• Section 5 Pancreas
• Feline diabetes mellitus
• Canine diabetes mellitus
• Canine diabetic ketoacidosis
• Insulinomas: insulin-secreting tumors
• Glucagonoma
• Section 6 Miscellaneous Hormones, Glands, and Disease
• Calcitriol
• Erythropoietin
• Gastrin
• Gastrinoma
• Signalment
• Clinical signs
• Laboratory findings
• Imaging
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prognosis
• The kinins
• Melatonin
• Natriuretic peptides
• Renin
• Somatostatin
• Other rare neuroendocrine tumors
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical signs
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prognosis
• Bibliography

Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal

• Section 1 Anatomy and Physiology
• The skeletal system
• The muscular system
• Section 2 Selected Diagnostics in Musculoskeletal Disease
• Arthrocentesis
• Muscle biopsy
• Section 3 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
• Inflammatory joint disease
• Noninflammatory joint disease
• Neuromuscular diseases
• Inflammatory myopathies
• Hepatozoonosis
• Neoplasia
• Section 4 General Musculoskeletal Examination
• Section 5 Musculoskeletal Therapy
• Veterinary rehabilitation therapy
• Palliative radiation therapy
• Section 6 Musculoskeletal Nutrition
• Nutrients
• Antioxidants
• Energy and growth
• Osteoarthritis
• Body condition scoring
• Body condition score uses
• Muscle condition scoring
• Bibliography

Chapter 4: The Neurological Examination

• Clinical signs and the relevant anatomy
• Diseases
• Diagnostic testing
• Pharmacology
• Nursing considerations
• Neurological glossary
• Suggested readings

Chapter 5: Thrombotic Disorders in Small Animal Medicine

• Physiology
• Physiological inhibitors of coagulation
• Diseases
• Diagnosis
• Therapy
• Prevention of ATE
• Client education
• Suggested readings

Chapter 6: Respiratory

• Section 1 Upper Airway Disease
• Anatomy and physiology
• Diseases of the upper airway
• Nutritional considerations
• Anesthetic and analgesic considerations
• Section 2 Mediastinal Disease
• Anatomy and physiology
• Mediastinitis
• Pneumomediastinum
• Mediastinal masses
• Section 3 Lower Airway Disease
• Anatomy and physiology
• Clinical signs
• Diagnostic testing
• Specific airway diseases and treatment
• Nutritional considerations
• Anesthetic and analgesic considerations
• Section 4 Pulmonary Parenchymal Disease
• Anatomy and physiology
• Clinical signs
• Diagnostic testing
• Treatment
• Diseases
• Nutritional considerations
• Anesthetic and analgesic considerations
• Section 5 Pleural Disease
• Anatomy and physiology
• Clinical signs
• Diagnostic testing
• Treatment
• Nutritional considerations
• Anesthetic and analgesic considerations
• Section 6 Anesthesic and Analgesic Considerations in Respiratory Disease
• Premedication
• Induction
• Maintenance anesthesia
• Monitoring
• Recovery
• Section 7 Feeding Consideration for Respiratory Disease
• Bibliography

Chapter 7: Hematology

• Section 1 Anatomy and Physiology
• The circulatory system
• The lymphatic system
• The spleen
• The coagulation system
• Section 2 Red Blood Cell Disorders
• Anemia
• Polycythemia
• Transfusion medicine
• Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
• Section 3 Leukocyte Disorders
• Methods for determining the leukogram
• Disorders of neutrophils
• Disorders of eosinophils
• Disorders of basophils
• Disorders of monocytes
• Disorders of lymphocytes
• Section 4 Platelet, Coagulation, and Inherited Disorders
• Diseases of coagulation
• Disorders of platelets
• Breed-related disorders
• Bibliography

Chapter 8: Gastrointestinal

• Section 1 Clinical Signs and Examination of the GI Patient
• Patient history
• Physical examination
• Clinical signs of gastrointestinal disorders
• Conclusion
• Section 2 Selected Diagnostics in Gastrointestinal Disease
• Laboratory evaluation
• Microscopic fecal evaluation
• Rectal cytology
• Bacteriologic examination
• Virologic examination
• Occult blood
• Alpha1-protease inhibitor
• Imaging
• Special tests
• Conclusion
• Section 3 Gastrointestinal Disease
• Oral disease
• Esophageal disorders
• Gastric disease
• Alimentary tract parasites
• Diseases of the small intestine
• Large intestine
• Section 4 Pharmacology
• Antacids
• Antiemetics
• Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs
• Antibiotics
• Gastromucosal protectants
• Digestive enzymes
• Laxatives
• Section 5 feeding tubes
• Feeding tubes
• Esophagostomy tube placement
• Gastrostomy tube placement
• Jejunostomy tube placement
• Conclusion
• Feeding tube management and complications
• Section 6 Food Intolerance and Food Allergy
• Clinical signs
• Causes
• Diagnostics
• Treatment
• Elimination diets
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Prebiotics and probiotics
• Section 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia Considerations in Gastrointestinal Disease
• Premedication
• Induction
• Maintenance anesthesia
• Monitoring
• Recovery
• Bibliography

Chapter 9: Liver

• Section 1 Hepatic Disease
• Acute hepatitis
• Chronic hepatitis
• Copper-associated chronic hepatitis
• Hepatic lipidosis
• Toxic hepatopathy
• Hepatocutaneous syndrome
• Congenital vascular anomaly
• Liver neoplasia
• Section 2 Posthepatic Disease
• Feline cholangitis complex
• Biliary cysts
• Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
• Gallbladder mucocoeles
• Section 3 Nutrition in Liver Disease
• Protein
• Fats
• Carbohydrates
• Fiber
• Vitamins and minerals
• Feeding plan
• Section 4 Anesthesia and Analgesia Considerations in Hepatic Disease
• Premedication
• Induction
• Maintenance anesthesia
• Monitoring
• Recovery
• Bibliography

Chapter 10: Urinary and Renal Diseases

• Section 1 Urinary Anatomy and Physiology Physiology
• Section 2 Clinical Signs
• Section 3 Urinary Diseases
• Chronic kidney disease
• Acute renal failure
• Urinary tract infections
• Pyelonephritis
• Urolithiasis
• Prostatic diseases
• Lower urinary tract disease in cats
• Ectopic ureters
• Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence
• Protein-losing nephropathy
• Urinary neoplasia
• Section 4 Urinary Diagnostics and Therapeutic
• Implications
• Urinalysis
• Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile
• Proteinuria
• Blood pressure
• Urine culture
• Section 5 Urinary Tract Biopsy Techniques
• Aspiration biopsy
• Biopsy
• Sample handling
• Postbiopsy nursing care
• Section 6 Urinary Imaging
• Radiology
• Ultrasound
• Cystoscopy and vaginoscopy
• Computed tomography
• Section 7 Renal and Urinary Disease Pharmacology
• Fluid therapy and correction of electrolyte imbalances
• Section 8 Anesthetic and Analgesic Considerations
• Anesthesia
• Pain management
• Section 9 Nutritional Considerations
• Chronic renal insufficiency
• Dietary therapy: urolithiasis
• Feline lower urinary tract disease
• Bibliography

Chapter 11: Infectious Diseases

• Section 1 Infectious Bacterial Diseases
• Bartonella
• Lyme borreliosis
• Canine brucellosis
• Diagnostic testing
• Ehrlichiosis
• Helicobacter-associated disease
• Leptospirosis
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Mycobacterial disease
• Mycoplasmal diseases (mycoplasmosis)
• Plague
• Section 2 Fungal Diseases
• Infectious fungal disease
• Histoplasmosis
• Aspergillosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Blastomycosis
• Section 3 Protozoal Diseases
• Protozoal diseases
• Amebiasis
• Babesiosis
• Giardia
• Trichomoniasis
• Leishmaniasis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Neosporosis
• Cytauxzoonosis
• Hepatozoonosis
• Section 4 Infectious Viral Diseases
• Canine and feline herpesvirus
• Influenza
• H1N1
• Papillomas
• Section 5 Infectious Disease Testing
• Disease prevention and control in the small animal hospital
• Bibliography

Chapter 12: Vaccine, Vaccination, and Immunology

• Section 1 The Immune Response and Cancer Immunotherapy
• Innate and adaptive immune response
• Humoral and cell-mediated immunity
• Immunomodulation
• Cancer vaccines
• Cytokine immunotherapy
• Summary
• Section 2 Laboratory Diagnostics in Immunology
• Serology
• Biopsy techniques
• Section 3 Immunosuppressive Medications
• Corticosteroids
• Immunosuppresives
• Less commonly used immunosuppressives
• Novel immunosuppressive and immunomodulating medications
• Immunomodulating medications
• Conclusion
• Section 4 Vaccines and Vaccination
• Vaccination strategies
• Canine vaccines
• Feline vaccines
• Vaccinations and adverse reactions
• Bibliography

Chapter 13: Pain and Its Management

• Veterinary technician as pain management team leader
• What is pain?
• Pathophysiology of pain
• Types of pain
• Causes of pain
• General approach to pain control
• General rules of thumb in managing pain
• Questions to consider
• How to be an analgesic advocate for your patient
• Clinical signs and means of detection
• Pain scoring systems
• Analgesics
• Nursing care as analgesic
• Clinical examples
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

Chapter 14: Nursing

• Section 1 Occupational Health and Safety
• Making the work place safe
• Health and safety committees
• Hazards in the workplace
• Chemotherapy safety
• Conclusion
• Section 2 Pharmacological Implications in Internal Medicine
• Drug calculations, compatibilities, dosing, and administration
• Constant rate infusion
• Drug compatibilities
• Drug dosage adjustments in patients with heart, renal, and hepatic insufficiency or failure
• Oxygen therapy
• Drug calculations
• Client education
• Section 3 Nutritional Support
• Nutritional support
• Energy balance: weight loss versus weight gain
• Refeeding syndrome
• Section 4 Diagnostic Procedures
• Cystocentesis
• Abdominocentesis
• Thoracocentesis
• Urinary catheters
• Bone marrow collection
• Section 5 Endoscopy
• Flexible endoscope
• Videoendoscope
• Instrumentation
• Rigid endoscopes
• Reprocessing
• Patient and equipment preparation
• Section 6 Selected Nursing Considerations of Internal Medicine Patients
• Thermoregulation
• Hypothermia
• The sepsis syndrome

• Bibliography
• Appendix Accredited State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories
• Abbreviations
• Index

Author Information

Linda Merrill, LVT, VTS (Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinical Practice) is the executive director and founding chair of the Academy of Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and organizing committee member of the Academy of Veterinary Technicians in Clinical Practice. She is also a former president of NAVTA and has nearly 30 years of practice experience in small animal, cardiology, oncology and internal medicine.