Small Animal Radiographic Techniques and Positioning

Description

Small Animal Radiographic Techniques and Positioning is a practical, clinically applicable manual designed to aid veterinary technicians and nurses in correcting common artifacts in both film and digital radiography and in positioning the small animal patient for clear and consistent radiographs. Detailed positioning techniques are provided for each commonly radiographed body segment, including positioning aids, alternative restraint methods, and examples of the corresponding correct or incorrect radiographs. Species covered include dogs, cats, birds, and common exotics.

The book begins with an overview of radiographic technique, darkroom maintenance, digital and film-screen imaging, then offers a section on small animal positioning, including some exotic species positioning techniques, with the final section presenting information on contrast media and special contrast enhanced procedures. A companion website provides the images from the book in PowerPoint and study questions and answers. Highly illustrated, Small Animal Radiographic Techniques and Positioning is a complete resource for any veterinary technician or student to quickly find imaging information and improve the clarity of small animal radiographs.

Table of contents

• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments

Section 1. Theory and Equipment

• 1. Introduction to Digital Imaging
• Definition and Principles of Digital Imaging
• Digital Radiography
• Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine
• Picture Archiving and Communication System
• Workstation Monitors
• Computed Radiography
• Direct and Indirect Conversion Radiography
• Digital Image Processing
• 2. Principles of Film-Screen Radiography
• X-ray Film Construction
• Intensifying Screens
• Common Principles of Film-Screen and Digital Radiography
• 3. The Radiographic System
• Basic Component Overview
• X-ray Tube
• Fluoroscopy
• Secondary or Scatter Radiation
• Grids
• Milliamperage and Kilovoltage
• Technique Chart
• Overexposure vs. Underexposure
• Patient Log
• 4. Darkroom Maintenance and Film Processing
• Darkroom Setup
• Manual Film Processing
• Automatic Film Processing
• Automatic Film Processor Maintenance
• Silver Recovery Cartridges
• Safelights
• Film Storage and Handling
• Patient Identification Labeling
• Care and Maintenance of Film Cassettes
• 5. Film-Screen and Digital Artifacts
• Exposure Artifacts
• Darkroom Processing Artifacts
• Film Storage Artifacts
• Digital Imaging Artifacts
• 6. Positioning Aids and Alternative Restraint
• Safe Use of Restraint Devices
• Sedated Patient Restraint
• 7. Radiation Safety
• Health Physics
• Radiologic Units
• ALARA Concept

Section 2. Radiographic Positioning

• 8. General Principles and Terminology
• Positioning Terminology
• Room Setup
• Patient Preparation
• Horizontal Beam Views
• 9. Small Animal Positioning—Forelimb
• Scapula
• Shoulder
• Bicipital Groove
• Humerus
• Elbow
• Radius and Ulna
• Carpus
• Metacarpus, Digits
• 10. Small Animal Positioning—Pelvis and Hind Limb
• Pelvis
• OFA Imaging
• PennHIP Information
• Femur
• Stifle
• Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)
• Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA)
• Tibia and Fibula
• Tarsus
• Metatarsus and Digits
• 11. Small Animal Positioning—Spine
• Cervical Spine
• Thoracic Spine and Thoraco-Lumbar Spine
• Lumbar Spine
• LS Spine
• Sacrum
• Caudal Spine
• 12. Small Animal Positioning—Thorax, Soft Tissue Neck, and Abdomen
• Thorax
• Soft Tissue Neck
• Abdomen
• 13. Small Animal Positioning—Skull
• Cranium
• Nasal
• Maxilla
• Mandible
• Temporomandibular Joints
• Tympanic Bullae
• 14. Exotic Pet Imaging
• Avian
• Small Mammals
• Reptile

Section 3. Contrast Media and Special Procedures

• 15. Radiopaque Contrast Media
• Types of Radiopaque Contrast Media
• Ionic and Non-ionic Contrast Agents
• Barium Sulfate
• 16. Special Imaging Procedures
• Special Procedure—Esophagram (Static)
• Esophagram—Fluoroscopic/Dynamic
• Special Procedure—Upper GI
• Special Procedure—Gastrogram
• Special Procedure—Lower GI—Barium Enema
• Special Procedure—Excretory Urogram
• Special Procedure—Cystography
• Special Procedure—Urethrography
• Special Procedure—Vaginography
• Special Procedure—Myelography
• Special Procedure—Myelography—Avian
• Special Procedure—Myelography—Rabbit
• Special Procedure—Fistulography
• Special Procedure—Arthrography

• References
• Webliography
• Index