Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity. the Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation

Description

In its Third Edition, this text addresses basic and applied physiological properties of skeletal muscle in the context of the physiological effects from clinical treatment. Anyone interested in human movement analysis and the understanding of generation and control from the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems in implementing movement will find this a valuable resource. A highlight color has been added to this edition's updated figures and tables, and the color plates section has been doubled, ensuring that all figures that need color treatment to clarify concepts receive this treatment. A new Clinical Problem feature uses concepts presented in each chapter in the context of a specific clinical case-for example, a spinal cord injury, a sports accident, or rehabilitation after bed rest.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Muscle Development
Skeletal Muscle Cell Microstructure
Whole Skeletal Muscle Structure
Chapter Summary
References

CHAPTER 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Muscle Fiber Activation
Skeletal Muscle Mechanics
Muscle Fiber Types and Motor Units
The Motor Unit
Chapter Summary
References

CHAPTER 3 The Production of Movement
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Muscle-Tendon Interaction
Joint Moments
Muscle-Joint Interaction during Isometric Torque Production
Physiological Range of Motion
Isokinetic Dynamometers Used in Physical Assessment
The Gait Cycle
Biomechanics of Biarticular Muscles
Gait Cycle Timing at Increased Velocities
Energy Expenditure during Gait
Muscles as Springs
Direct Force and Length Measurements during Locomotion
Implications for Physical Therapy
Chapter Summary
References

CHAPTER 4 Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Increased Use
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Adaptation to Chronic Electrical Stimulation
Adaptation to Chronic Stretch
Adaptation to Compensatory Hypertrophy
Adaptation to Intermittent Electrical Stimulation
Adaptation to Exercise
Chapter Summary
References

CHAPTER 5 Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Decreased Use
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Adaptation to Immobilization
Remobilization after Immobilization
Adaptation to Spinal Cord Transection
Adaptation to Hindlimb Unloading
Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Atrophy
Adaptation to Aging
Adaptation to Tenotomy
Adaptation to Denervation
Muscle Fiber Specificity to Reinnervation
Chapter Summary
References

CHAPTER 6 Skeletal Muscle Response to Injury
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Causes of Muscle Regeneration
Morphology of the Degeneration-Regeneration Cycle
Muscle Properties after Regeneration
Clinical Application to Muscular Dystrophy
Muscle Response to Exercise-Induced Injury
Chapter Summary
References

CHAPTER 7 Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Spasticity
Chapter Overview
Educational Objectives
Skeletal Muscle Spasticity
Is Spasticity Increased Use or Decreased Use?
Fiber-Type and Fiber Size Changes with Spasticity
Biomechanical Studies of Spastic Limbs
Muscle Fiber Length in Spastic Muscle
Mechanical Changes in Spastic Muscle Tissue
Summary and Future Directions
References
Index