Practical Pharmacology in Rehabilitation. Effect of Medication on Therapy

Description

Practical Pharmacology in Rehabilitation: Effect of Medication on Therapy With Web Resource serves as a textbook for students and a reference book for practicing rehabilitation professionals. Rather than discussing pharmacology as it relates to only a limited segment of rehabilitation professions, this text takes an interdisciplinary approach to the effects of medications on rehabilitation patients and assists rehabilitation professionals in designing patient-specific therapy plans based on coexisting disease states.

Practical Pharmacology in Rehabilitation explains the necessary pharmacology and then focuses on the relationship between medications and the rehabilitation process. It offers a proactive approach to educating the patient and caregiver, monitoring the patient for side effects, and modifying therapy plans to provide the most effective and safe therapy for each patient. Written by a clinical pharmacist, a speech-language pathologist, and a physical therapist and athletic trainer, this unique guide helps readers in these ways:

• Optimize rehabilitation sessions with appropriately timed and dosed administration of medication.
• Understand the effects of medication on cognition and learning necessary for accomplishing the tasks of rehabilitation.
• Identify medication-associated issues affecting the rehabilitation progress, such as dysphagia and problems with muscle function.
• Work with patients, caregivers, staff, and physicians to determine appropriate interventions regarding medication use in patients.

In each chapter, Patient Cases based on the authors’ clinical experiences engage readers in understanding how medications can positively or negatively affect the rehabilitation process. Readers will need to consider the role of various medications, drug interactions, and drug intolerances on speech and language, cognition, and ADL and motor functioning as they apply concepts to determine possible solutions to each case. Throughout the text more than 100 easy-to-use tables provide quick access to information, including potential side effects affecting rehabilitation for common medications used in treatment for many conditions and other possible side effects or considerations. Expanded versions of many of these tables are offered as downloadable PDFs in the accompanying web resource. Those tables provide more complete and in-depth coverage by breaking medications down by class, indications, dosage, and potential side effects or interactions.

Practical Pharmacology in Rehabilitation begins by presenting foundational concepts necessary for understanding clinical disease states and the impact of medications used for treatment on rehabilitation. Chapters that follow are grouped by categories of clinical disease covering psychiatric and cognitive disorders, neurologic and movement disorders, chronic pain syndromes and substance abuse disorders, immune system disorders, and common chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiac disease, thyroid and parathyroid disease, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and dysphagia.

Each chapter begins with a definition of the condition or special population that it focuses on. Chapters are organized to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, pharmacology, mechanism of action, dosing and monitoring for effects, drug and food interactions, side effects and effects on rehabilitation, and the role of various rehabilitation specialists for each disease state. Summaries conclude each chapter to reinforce the important concepts covered. A glossary is included, and terms are boldfaced in the text to denote their inclusion. A medication index, an index of important terms, and an appendix with information on administering medications using iontophoresis and phonophoresis are also included.

With Practical Pharmacology in Rehabilitation, students in rehabilitation and related health care fields can gain essential knowledge to prevent adverse occurrences and medical complications and work with their patients, caregivers, pharmacists, and physicians to optimize rehabilitation and the return to daily living. For rehabilitation professionals, this essential reference provides an integrated understanding of medication use with nonpharmacologic therapies in rehabilitation patients.

Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
Reviewers and Contributors

Part I: Foundations
Chapter 1. Introduction to Medication Monitoring by the Rehabilitation Therapist
Principles of Pharmacotherapy
Generic Medications
Side Effects of Medications
Special Populations and Medication Risk
Patient Education and Medication Use
Safe and Effective Use of Medications
Summary

Chapter 2. Medication's Effects on the Nervous System, Muscle Function, and Cognition
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
Summary

Chapter 3. Nutrition in the Rehabilitation Patient
Physiology of Nutrition
Incidence, Etiology, and Pathophysiology of Malnutrition
Nutritional Screening, Assessment, and Monitoring
Rehabilitation Considerations
Summary

Part II: Medications Used to Treat Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders
Chapter 4. Medications Used to Treat Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Drug Interactions With Antidepressants
Bipolar Disorder
Summary

Chapter 5. Medications Used to Treat Psychosis and Schizophrenia
Psychosis
Agitation
Side Effects Associated With Antipsychotic Agents
Drug Interactions
Role of the Rehabilitation Therapist in Promoting Medication Adherence
Rehabilitation Considerations
Summary

Chapter 6. Medications Used to Treat Delirium, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease
Reversible Cognitive Impairment Caused by Medications
Reversible Cognitive Impairment Caused by Medication-Associated Delirium
Irreversible Cognitive Impairment
Summary

Chapter 7. Medications Used to Treat Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, and Insomnia
Anxiety Disorders
Insomnia
Summary

Part III: Medications Used to Treat Neurologic and Movement Disorders
Chapter 8. Medications Used to Treat Seizure Disorders
Classification of Seizures
Seizures, Convulsions, and Epilepsy
Summary

Chapter 9. Medications Used to Treat Spasticity and Muscle Spasm
Spasticity
Muscle Spasm
Summary

Chapter 10. Medications Used to Treat Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's Disease
Summary

Chapter 11. Medications Used to Treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Myasthenia Gravis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Summary

Chapter 12. Medications Used to Treat Other Movement Disorders
Essential Tremor
Subcortical Dementia
Huntington's Disease
Wilson's Disease
Restless-Leg Syndrome
Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
Summary

Part IV: Medications Used to Treat Pain and Substance-Use Disorders
Chapter 13. Medications Used to Treat Pain
Classification of Pain
Summary

Chapter 14: Medications Used to Treat Chronic Pain Syndromes
Migraine Headache
Fibromyalgia
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Cancer Pain
Amputation Pain
Central Pain Syndromes
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Summary

Chapter 15. Medications Used to Treat Substance-Use Disorders
Definition of Substance-Use Disorder
Alcohol-Abuse Disorders
Drug-Abuse Disorders
Summary

Part V: Medications Used to Treat Disorders of the Immune System
Chapter 16. Medications Used to Treat Infections
Classification of Bacteria
Urinary Tract Infections
Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Surgical Wound Infections
Vascular Ulcers and Pressure Ulcers
Diabetic Foot Infections
Pneumonia
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Control of Infection in the Rehabilitation Center
Summary

Chapter 17. Medications Used to Treat Osteoarthritis, Gout, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Gout
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Related Rheumatic Diseases
Summary

Chapter 18. Medications Used to Treat Cancer
Definition of Cancer
Summary

Part VI: Medications Used to Treat Chronic Disease
Chapter 19. Medications Used to Treat Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Cardiovascular Disease
Hypertension
Congestive Heart Failure
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Summary

Chapter 20. Medications Used to Treat Peripheral Artery Disease, Stroke, and Coronary Heart Disease
Atherosclerosis
Peripheral Artery Disease
Stroke
Coronary Artery Disease
Summary

Chapter 21. Medications Used to Treat Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Neuropathy
Summary

Chapter 22. Medications Used to Treat Respiratory Disease
Respiratory System
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Asthma
Rehabilitation Considerations for Respiratory Disease
Medication Therapy for Respiratory Disease
Summary

Chapter 23. Medications Used to Treat Thyroid Disease, Parathyroid Disease, and Osteoporosis
Thyroid Disease
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Osteoporosis
Paget's Disease
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Summary

Chapter 24. Medications Used to Treat Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea and Vomiting
Constipation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Dyspepsia and Disorders Associated With Delayed Gastric Emptying
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Dysphagia
Rehabilitation Considerations in Medication Review and Patient Education
Summary

Appendix: Medications Delivered by Iontophoresis and Phonophoresis
Glossary
References
Index
About the Authors

Audiences

Textbook for graduate-level courses in pharmacology and rehabilitation; reference for rehabilitation professionals including physical therapists, occupational therapists, athletic trainers, and speech-language pathologists.

Authors

Lynette L. Carl, BS, PharmD, BCPS, CP, is an assistant professor of clinical practice at the University of Florida College of Pharmacy and a clinical instructor in pharmacology at South University in Tampa, Florida. Previously, she worked as a clinical coordinator and assistant professor of pharmacy practice at Largo Medical Center in Largo, Florida.
Carl has three decades of experience as a pharmacist and consultant pharmacist, including 13 years as a pharmacy director and 15 years as an assistant director or clinical coordinator. In 1997, Carl became a board-certified pharmacotherapy specialist, the highest accomplishment for a clinical pharmacist. She has been practicing as a clinical pharmacist working with other health care practitioners since 1986.

Carl has significant experience in developing clinical pharmacy programs to improve clinical pharmacy practice and patient care. She is a frequent presenter on medication use to professionals and students of many disciplines in health care. Carl is also coauthoring two texts on drugs and dysphagia.

Carl is a member of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Florida Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Southwest Society of Health-System Pharmacists, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and the Florida Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.
In her spare time, Carl enjoys traveling, snorkeling, fishing, and playing with her dogs. She and her husband, Randel Sturgeon, reside in Indian Rocks Beach, Florida.

Joseph A. Gallo, DSc, ATC, PT, earned his doctorate degree in sport physical therapy, his master’s degree in physical therapy, and his bachelor of science degree in physical education and athletic training. He serves as director and associate professor of the athletic training program in the sport and movement science department at Salem State University in Salem, Massachusetts. Dr. Gallo has served as an adjunct faculty member in the Notre Dame College physical therapy program and Franklin Pierce University doctor of physical therapy program. He has was an instructor and director of rehabilitation for the Keene State College athletic training program in Keene, New Hampshire, and professor and director of the Hesser College physical therapist assistant program. Gallo also worked as a high school and college athletic trainer and delivered rehabilitation services in outpatient clinics, subacute settings, and in-home settings. Gallo has published his research in the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy and the Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine. He is a nationally recognized speaker who has presented over 300 courses to rehabilitation professionals throughout the United States. Gallo is currently a certified instructor for the VitalStim certification course teaching NMES for the treatment of dysphagia. He is also a United States Professional Tennis Association teaching professional, the founder and director of Summer's Edge Tennis School, and the men’s tennis coach for Salem State University. Joe enjoys running, playing tennis, hiking, and camping with his wife, Gina. They live in Salem, Massachusetts.

Peter R. Johnson, PhD, CCC-SLP, earned his MS and PhD in speech-language pathology from the University of Pittsburgh and an executive graduate degree in health care financial management from Ohio State University. He has worked in acute-care hospitals, home care, outpatient clinics, and long-term care and has written numerous articles on rehabilitation. Johnson served as a column editor for the American Speech-Language Hearing Association Special Interest Division (ASHA SID) 13 Dysphagia newsletter and for the ASHA SID 11 newsletter. He was on the executive board of the Florida Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. He was a three-time recipient of the President’s Award and the Outstanding Service Award.

Johnson has coauthored two books, Business Matters: A Guide for the SLP and Drugs and Dysphagia: How Medications Affect Eating and Swallowing. He is currently working on another book on cognition and dementia.
Johnson has lectured at various hospitals and universities on the subject of cognition, dysphagia, and polypharmacy. He is currently the speech mentor for Select Medical Rehabilitation Services, where he develops continuing education programs as well as one-to-one mentoring. He is also the vice chair of the Florida Department of Health licensing board for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Johnson is an adjunct faculty and dissertation chair for Nova Southeastern University.
Johnson enjoys sailing, reading, and teaching. He and his wife, Joanne, live in Port Richey, Florida.