Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport

About the Product

The world of exercise and sport is fascinated by motivation and the factors that drive it. It’s no wonder researchers—both in and out of the sport domain—will enthusiastically welcome Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport.

Motivation is central to many social psychological theories that aim to explain behavior, including self-determination theory, one of the most influential theories of human motivation developed in the last three decades. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport examines the contribution of this theory to the understanding of motivation and behavior in the domains of exercise and sport. This is the first book to synthesize key research of self-determination theory as it relates to sport and exercise into one convenient volume. Written by a broad range of leading researchers, this reference will be a trend setter in the understanding of internal motivation and how to maximize performance and adherence. Furthermore, this volume will fill in research gaps, improve existing research, and set new directions for research in this vibrant area.

Self-determination theory is based on the premise that individuals pursue self-determined goals to satisfy their basic psychological needs to independently solve problems, interact socially, and master tasks. The book begins with an introductory chapter in which the founding fathers of self-determination theory, Edward L. Deci and Richard Ryan, provide an overview of the theory and its constituent subtheories and chart its history with respect to exercise and sport, highlighting classic studies and seminal works along the way. This introduction masterfully provides sufficient theoretical grounding and serves as an excellent prologue to subsequent chapters.

The remainder of the book is organized in two parts that cover research in the domains of exercise and sport. Part I examines the contribution of self-determination theory to the explanation of participation in and adherence to health-related exercise, and it examines the motivational experiences and contingencies that bring about exercise behavior and health-related outcomes. The recommendation sections that follow each chapter provide specialists interested in promoting exercise—including personal trainers, clinicians, health psychologists, and physical educators—with key strategies to motivate people to regularly participate in exercise for health.

Part II discusses the role that self-determination theory plays in explaining motivational processes involved in competitive sport contexts and summarizes the state of the literature concerning self-determination theory in diverse areas of sport, including athletes’ motivation and sport performance, goal content and orientations, dropout, psychological well-being, and coaching behaviors. The recommendations outlined at the close of each chapter provide coaches, sport psychologists, sport promoters and managers, and physical educators with realistic, practical solutions to maximize sport performance, persistence in training, and, above all, enjoyment and well-being among athletes.

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport also integrates self-determination theory concepts with other theoretical frameworks to highlight the versatility of the theory and encourage future research. Each chapter in the text closes with clearly explained, in-depth suggestions for future research and for transferring findings into practice.

Whether you’re a researcher in sport and exercise or in any other area where performance and adherence issues are key, Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport will leave you inspired by the editors’ and contributors’ research and philosophy, brought together here to advance the knowledge of motivation in exercise and sport.

About the Editor

Martin S. Hagger, PhD, is a chartered psychologist and reader in social and health psychology in the School of Psychology at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. He has authored more than 50 research articles, book chapters, and books on motivation, including Social Psychology of Exercise and Sport with Nikos Chatzisarantis. He was commissioned to edit Advances in Self-Determination Theory Research in Exercise and Sport, a special issue of the peer-reviewed scholarly journal Psychology of Exercise and Sport. He is coeditor of Psychology and Health, associate editor of Psychology of Sport and Exercise, and on the international advisory board of British Journal of Health Psychology.

Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD, is a principal lecturer in the School of Psychology at University of Plymouth, United Kingdom. Since 1995 he has been researching human motivation and decision-making processes from a self-determination theory perspective. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals of both mainstream psychology and exercise psychology. He earned a PhD in education and a master’s degree in sport and exercise psychology from the University of Exeter. He is a member of the advisory boards of International Journal of Sport Psychology, Psychology and Health, and Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.

Table of Contents

Introduction. Active Human Nature: Self-Determination Theory and the Promotion and Maintenance of Sport, Exercise, and Health
Richard M. Ryan, PhD; and Edward L. Deci, PhD
Intrinsic Motivation and Our Active Nature
Beyond Intrinsic Motivation: Internalization and Extrinsic Forms of Motivation
Basic Needs Theory: Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitating Environment
Motivation, Vitality, and Health: When Self-Regulation Is Not Depleting
Conclusions, Musings, and Future Directions

Part I. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise

Chapter 1. Exercise Participation Motives: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
David Markland, PhD; and David K. Ingledew, PhD
The Theoretical Status of Participation Motives
Measurement of Participation Motives
Participation Motives and Engagement in Various Types of Activity
Participation Motives and Exercise Behavior
Participation Motives and Well-Being
Participation Motives and Body Image
Participation Motives and Autonomy: Beyond the Intrinsic–Extrinsic Dichotomy
Conclusions and Implications for Exercise Promotion

Chapter 2. Perceived Autonomy Support and Psychological Need Satisfaction
Jemma K. Edmunds, PhD; Nikos Ntoumanis, PhD; and Joan L. Duda, PhD
The Self-Determination Perspective in Exercise
Autonomy Support, Psychological Needs, and Autonomous Regulation
Psychological Needs, Autonomous Regulation, and Exercise Behavior
Predicting Maladaptive Exercise Engagement
Ethnic and Cultural Group Considerations
Promoting Autonomy Support in the Exercise Domain
Summary and Avenues for Future Research

Chapter 3. The Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation
Martin S. Hagger, PhD; and Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD
The Trans-Contextual Model: Component Theories
The Trans-Contextual Model: Three Premises for Theoretical Integration
Perceived Autonomy Support
Testing the Trans-Contextual Model
Conclusions, Recommendations for Future Research, and Practical Considerations

Chapter 4. Self-Determination and Motivation in Physical Education
Martyn Standage, PhD; Fiona Gillison, MSc; and Darren C. Treasure, PhD
Autonomy Support in Physical Education
Other Influential Social Context Factors
Basic Psychological Needs
Motivational Regulations and Related Consequences
Tests of the Motivational Sequence
Practical Implications in Physical Education
Avenues for Future Self-Determination Theory Work in Physical Education
Conclusion

Chapter 5. Self-Determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing in Exercise
David Markland, PhD; and Maarten Vansteenkiste, PhD
The Principles of Motivational Interviewing
Intrinsic Motivation in Motivational Interviewing: A Conceptual Refinement
Conclusions and Applied Implications

Chapter 6. Self-Determination Theory, Exercise, and Well-Being
Philip M. Wilson, PhD; and Wendy M. Rodgers, PhD
The Self and Well-Being
A Self-Determination Perspective on the Self and Well-Being
Is the Evidence Consistent With Theory?
Summary and Recommendations

Chapter 7. The Flow State and Physical Activity Behavior Change as Motivational Outcomes: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Michelle Fortier, PhD; and John Kowal, PhD
Self-Determination Theory and Flow
Self-Determination Theory and Physical Activity Behavior Change
Conclusion

Chapter 8. Perceived Feedback and Motivation in Physical Education and Physical Activity
Vello Hein, PhD; and Andre Koka, PhD
Perceived Feedback as a Source of Competence
Measurement of Types of Perceived Feedback
Relationship Between Perceived Feedback and Motivation in Physical Education
Practical Recommendations and Future Directions for Research

Part II. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Sport

Chapter 9. Measurement Issues in Self-Determination Theory and Sport
Luc G. Pelletier, PhD; and Philippe Sarrazin, PhD
Versions of the Sport Motivation Scale
Construct Measurement Issues
Future Research and Applications

Chapter 10. Motivation in Elite-Level Sport: A Self-Determination Perspective
Darren C. Treasure, PhD; Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre, PhD; Kendy K. Kuczka, PhD; and Martyn Standage, PhD
Motivation Types
Self-Determination and Training
Self-Determination and Performance
Basic Needs
Practical Applications

Chapter 11. Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Promotion in Exercise and Sport: Understanding the Differential Impacts on Performance and Persistence
Maarten Vansteenkiste, PhD; Bart Soenens, MSc; and Willy Lens, PhD
Individual Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Pursuit
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Promotion
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Promotion in Exercising
Obesity, Healthy Lifestyle Change, and Weight Loss
Macro-Mediational and Micro-Mediational Mechanisms
Future Research
Practical Implications and Conclusion

Chapter 12. Competence Motivation in Sport and Exercise: The Hierarchical Model of Achievement Motivation and Self-Determination Theory
David E. Conroy, PhD; Andrew J. Elliot, PhD; and J. Douglas Coatsworth, PhD
Three Eras of Achievement Motivation
Key Concepts in Self-Determination Theory
Linking the Hierarchical Model of Achievement Motivation and Self-Determination Theory
Future Research Directions
Implications for Practice

Chapter 13. Understanding Young People’s Motivation Toward Exercise: An Integration of Sport Ability Beliefs, Achievement Goal Theory, and Self-Determination Theory
Chee Keng John Wang, PhD; and Stuart J.H. Biddle, PhD
The Context of Physical Activity
Achievement Goal Theory
Self Theories of Ability
Self-Determination Theory
An Intraindividual Approach to Motivation
Research Findings
Practical Implications of Research Findings
Future Directions

Chapter 14. Coaching Effectiveness: Exploring the Relationship Between Coaching Behavior and Self-Determined Motivation
Anthony J. Amorose, PhD
The Nature and Determinants of Self-Determined Motivation
Research on Coaching Behavior and Motivation
Future Research Directions
Practical Implications

Chapter 15. A Self-Determination Theory Approach to Dropout in Athletes
Philippe G. Sarrazin, PhD; Julie C.S. Boiché, PhD; and Luc G. Pelletier, PhD
A Four-Stage Causal Sequence
Review of the Studies
Research Perspectives and Future Directions
Conclusion and Practical Implications

Chapter 16. Self-Determination Theory and Well-Being in Athletes: It’s the Situation That Counts
Marylène Gagné, PhD; and Céline Blanchard, PhD
Well-Being According to Self-Determination Theory
Well-Being in Sport
Self-Determination and Well-Being in Sport
Diary Studies
Future Directions
Implications for Coaching

Chapter 17. A Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation for Sport and Physical Activity
Robert J. Vallerand, PhD
The Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Integrative Studies
Future Directions
Practical Implications and Conclusion

Conclusion. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport: Reflecting on the Past and Sketching the Future
Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis, PhD; and Martin S. Hagger, PhD
Methodological Issues
Self-Determination Theory and the Antecedents of Motivation
Self-Determination Theory and Psychological Outcomes
Self-Determination Theory and Exercise and Sport Behavior
Theoretical Integration and Advancement
Conclusions

Audiences

Reference for researchers and instructors in motivation in sport and exercise and motivation researchers in non-sport-specific performance domains. Also a text for graduate-level courses or seminars in motivation in sport and exercise or sport and exercise psychology.