Manual of Anesthesia Practice (Cambridge Pocket Clinicians)

Description

Manual of Anesthesia Practice is designed to provide a comprehensive review of clinical anesthesiology, oriented toward the clinician’s perspective at the point-of-care. Divided into five distinct sections that include the following: I. Coexisting Disease What medical problems does this patient have and how should I manage them? II. Critical Events How do I diagnose and treat unexpected life-threatening perioperative problems? III. Drugs What information do I need to know about a medication I am about to give,or that the patient is receiving on a chronic basis? IV. Procedures What do I need to know about the proposed surgical procedure to safely care for the patient? V. Techniques What are the important aspects of performing certain anesthetic techniques or procedures?

• All content presented in concise outline format for quick consultation • Small-size pocket guide for easy reference • Practical, clinically oriented presentation

Contents

Preface
page

PART ONE. CO-EXISTING DISEASES

Achondroplasia
2

Acromegaly
4

Acute Hepatitis
5

Acute Liver Failure (Fulminant Hepatic Failure)
10

Acute Renal Failure
14

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
18

Adrenal Insufficiency
21

Adult Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
22

AIDS
25

Alcohol Abuse
26

Anemia
29

Ankylosing Spondylitis
32

Aortic Stenosis (AS)
33

Aortic Valve Regurgitation (Aortic Insufficiency)
36

Arnold-Chiari Malformation
37

Asthma
39

Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
41

Atrial Flutter
44

Blistering Skin Diseases (Pemphigus, Epidermolysis Bullosa)
48

Burns
49

Carcinoid Syndrome
52

Chronic Liver Disease & Liver Cirrhosis
53

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
60

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
64

Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric
69

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
72

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
76

Cushing’s Syndrome
83

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
84

Dementia and Developmental Delay
86

Diabetes Insipidus
89

Diabetes Mellitus
91

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
95

Elevated Intracranial Pressure
97

Elevated PT, aPTT
102

Epilepsy
104

Essential Hypertension (HTN)
105

Ex-Premature Infant
108

Glaucoma
114

Head Trauma
116

Heart Block
119

Herbal Remedy Use
121

Hiatal Hernia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
122

Hyperaldosteronism
124

Hypercalcemia
126

Hyperparathyroidism
128

Hyperthyroidism
129

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
132

Hypocalcemia
134

Hypoparathyroidism
135

Hypothyroidism
136

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
139

Infective Endocarditis
140

Inherited Coagulation Disorders (Hemophilia, von Willebrand Disease)
143

Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
147

Kyphoscoliosis (Scoliosis)
149

Magnesium Disorders
150

Marfan’s Syndrome
152

Mediastinal Mass
153

Metabolic Acidosis
156

Metabolic Alkalosis
160

Methadone Maintenance Therapy
162

Mitral Valve Prolapse
163

Mitral Valve Regurgitation
164

Mitral Valve Stenosis
167

Morbid Obesity
170

Muscular Dystrophies
173

Myasthenia Gravis
175

Myocardial Infarction
176

Obstructive Sleep Apnea
178

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
180

Patient Status Post Cardiac Transplant
183

Patient With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD)
185

Patient With Pacemaker
187

Pediatrics
191

Pericarditis
197

Perioperative Myocardial Infarction
200

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
202

Pheochromocytoma
204

Pneumonia
207

Porphyria
209

Potassium Disorders
212

Pregnancy
215

Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
217

Prolonged QT Syndromes
221

Pulmonary Edema
223

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
224

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
227

Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
228

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
231

Restrictive Lung Disease
233

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
235

Scleroderma
236

Sickle Cell Anemia
239

Sinus Bradycardia
241

Sinus Tachycardia
243

Sodium Disorders
245

Spinal Cord Transection
248

Stable Angina
251

Status Post Lung Transplant
253

Stroke
254

Substance Abuse (Including Cocaine Abuse)
257

Supraventricular Tachycardia
260

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
262

The Elderly Patient
264

Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
266

Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
268

Unstable Angina
269

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI)
271

Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
272

Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
274

Wolff-Parkinson-White/Pre-Excitation Syndromes
277

PART TWO. PROCEDURES

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair
280

Acute Aortic Dissection Repair
287

Adult Heart Transplantation
294

Amputation, Lower Extremity
298

Anorectal Surgery
301

Anterior Cervical Diskectomy
303

Aortic Valve Replacement
306

Appendectomy
310

Blalock Taussig Shunt (BTS)
311

Bowel Resection
313

Breast Reconstruction
315

Bronchoscopy
318

CABG With Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
321

Cardiac Surgery Re-Exploration
329

Cardioversion
331

Carotid Endarterectomy
333

Cataract With or Without IOL
336

Cerebral Aneurysm Resection
339

Cesarean-Hysterectomy
343

Circumcision
346

Cleft Lip Repair
347

Cleft Palate Repair
349

Corneal Transplant (Penetrating Keratoplasty)
351

Craniotomy for Tumor
353

Craniotomy in the Seated Position
360

Craniotomy/Trauma
363

Cystectomy
368

Dilatation and Curettage/Evacuation (D&C, D&E)
370

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
372

Emergent Cesarean Section
376

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
379

Endoscopy, GI
381

Endovascular AAA Repair
384

Epilepsy Surgery
391

Esophagoscopy
395

Excision of Mediastinal Mass
398

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
400

Eyelid Blepharoplasty
403

Femoral-Femoral Bypass, Iliofemoral Bypass
405

Gastrectomy
412

Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity
414

Gastroschisis Surgery
417

Hand Surgery
419

Hepatic Resection
422

Herniorrhaphy
425

Hypospadias Repair
428

ICD Placement
429

Infrainguinal Bypass
432

Interventional Neuroradiology
438

Intracranial AVM Resection
442

Intubation for Epiglottitis
445

Knee Arthroscopy
448

Labor & Vaginal Delivery
449

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
453

Laparoscopic Esophageal Fundoplication (Laparoscopic Nissen)
456

Laparoscopic General Surgery
460

Laparoscopic Gynecologic Procedures
463

Laryngectomy
466

Laryngoscopy
468

Laser Surgery of the Airway
472

Liposuction
475

Lumbar Laminectomy
479

Lung Transplant
484

Mastectomy
487

Mediastinoscopy
490

Mitral Valve Replacement or Repair
492

Myelomeningocele Repair
496

Myringotomy & Tympanostomy
498

Nephrectomy (Radical & Donor)
500

Nonemergent Cesarean Section
503

Off-Pump CABG (OPCAB)
507

Omphalocele Repair
514

Open Cholecystectomy
517

Organ Harvest
518

ORIF of Hip
522

Orthotopic Liver Transplant
527

Ovum Retrieval
535

Pacemaker Procedures
537

Pancreas Transplant
541

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure)
545

Parathyroidectomy
547

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Ligation
551

Pelvic Exenteration
554

Pericardial Window
557

Pheochromocytoma Resection
560

Pyloric Stenosis Repair
562

Radical Neck Dissection
563

Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy
568

Redo CABG With Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
570

Renal Transplant
579

Repair of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
581

Repair Open Globe
585

Resection of Carcinoid Tumor
588

Retinal Surgery (Scleral Buckle & Vitrectomy)
590

Rotational & Free Flaps
593

Rotator Cuff Surgery
595

Skin Graft
596

Spinal Fusion
598

Splenectomy
606

Strabismus Surgery
609

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Repair
612

Thoracoscopy
615

Thoracotomy & Lung Resection
617

Thyroidectomy
624

Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy
626

Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
628

Total Hip Arthroplasty
631

Total Knee Arthroplasty
635

Tracheal Resection
638

Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) Repair
641

Tracheotomy
648

Transhiatal Esophagectomy
650

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
652

Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy
654

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
658

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
661

Tricuspid Valve Repair or Replacement
663

Tubal Ligation
668

Upper Extremity AV Fistula Placement
670

Vaginal Hysterectomy
674

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Repair
676

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
678

PART THREE. CRITICAL EVENTS

Acidosis
682

ACLS Algorithms: Asystole
684

ACLS Algorithms: Bradycardia
685

ACLS Algorithms: Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)
686

ACLS Algorithms: Tachycardia
687

ACLS Algorithms: VF (or Pulseless VT)
690

Airway Burn
691

Airway Fire
693

Airway Obstruction
694

Alkalosis
698

Altered Mental Status Postop
700

Amniotic Fluid Embolus
703

Anaphylaxis/Anaphylactoid Reaction
704

Autonomic Hyperreflexia
706

Bronchospasm
708

Cardiac Tamponade
710

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
712

Difficult Airway Management
715

Electrical Safety
720

Elevated Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
722

Elevated Peak Airway Pressure
725

Endobronchial Intubation
726

Hemoptysis
727

Hemorrhage
729

Hypercarbia
732

Hyperkalemia
734

Hypertension (HTN)
736

Hypoglycemia
737

Hypokalemia
738

Hypotension
740

Hypothermia
744

Hypoxemia
747

Infiltration/Extravasation Injury
750

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity
753

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH)
755

Methemoglobinemia
758

Myocardial Ischemia/Infarction
759

Oliguria
762

OR Fire
765

Peripheral Nerve Injury
766

Pneumothorax
769

Postop Nausea & Vomiting (PONV)
772

Pulmonary Aspiration
772

Pulmonary Edema
774

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
776

Seizure
778

Spinal & Epidural Complications
780

Transfusion Reaction/Acute Intravascular Hemolysis
786

Transfusion Reaction, Other
787

Venous Air Embolism (VAE)
790

PART FOUR. TECHNIQUES

Airway Assessment
794

Anesthesia Machine Check
797

Ankle Block
801

Axillary Block
803

Bier Block (Intravenous Regional Block)
805

Blind Nasal Intubation
806

Blood Component Therapy
808

Caudal Block, Adult
812

Caudal Block, Pediatric
813

Central Line Placement
814

Cervical Plexus Blocks (Superficial & Deep)
817

Cricothyrotomy
819

Digit Block
820

Direct Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation
822

Doppler Cardiac Output Monitoring
825

Double-Lumen Endobronchial Tube Placement
827

Endotracheal Tube (ET) Exchange
831

Epidural Blood Patch
832

Epidural Neuraxial Blockade
835

Femoral Block
838

Fiberoptic Airway Management
840

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block
843

Ilioinguinal-Iliohypogastric Block
845

Informed Consent
846

Intercostal Block
848

Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block
849

Intraosseous (IO) Line Placement
852

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block
854

LMA Placement
855

Lower Extremity Neural Blockade at the Knee
857

Lumbar Plexus Block
860

Obturator Nerve Block
862

PA Catheter Placement
863

Paracervical Block
865

Penile Block
866

Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter (PICC) Line
868

Pudendal Block
870

Retrobulbar Block
871

Retrograde Tracheal Intubation
874

Sciatic Nerve Block
876

Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block
878

Stellate Ganglion Block
880

Subarachnoid Block (Spinal Anesthesia)
882

Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block
887

Supraclavicular Block
888

TEE Insertion & Basic Examination (Adult)
889

Tracheal Tube Introducer Placement (Intubating Stylet Placement)
895

Transtracheal Jet Ventilation (TTJV)
897

Wrist Block
899

PART FIVE. DRUGS

2-Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine, Nesacaine-MPF)
902

Acetaminophen
903

Adenosine
904

Albuterol
905

Alfentanil
906

Aminocaproic Acid (Amicar)
908

Aminophylline (Theophylline)
909

Amiodarone (Cordarone)
911

Ampicillin
912

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
913

Atenolol (Tenormin)
914

Atracurium (Tracrium)
916

Atropine
917

Benzocaine
918

Bretylium
919

Bupivacaine (Marcaine, Sensorcaine)
920

Butorphanol Tartrate
921

Calcium Chloride & Calcium Gluconate
922

Captopril
923

Cefazolin (Kefzol, Ancef)
924

Ceftazidime
925

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
926

Cefuroxime
927

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
928

Cimetidine
930

Cisatracurium
931

Clindamycin (Cleocin)
931

Clonidine
932

Cocaine
934

COX-2 Inhibitors (Rofecoxib, Celecoxib, Valdecoxib, Vioxx, Celebrex, Bextra)
935

Cyclosporine
936

Dantrolene (Dantrium)
937

DDAVP (Desmopressin)
938

Desflurane
940

Dexamethasone (Decadron)
942

Dexmedetomidine
943

Diazepam
944

Digoxin (Lanoxin)
945

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
946

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
947

Dobutamine
948

Dopamine
949

Doxacurium
950

Doxapram (Dopram)
951

Droperidol (Inapsine)
952

d-Tubocurarine (dTc, Curare)
953

Edrophonium (Reversol, Enlon, Tensilon)
954

Ephedrine
955

Epinephrine
956

Esmolol (Brevibloc)
957

Etidocaine (Duranest)
958

Etomidate (Amidate)
959

Fenoldopam
959

Fentanyl
960

Flumazenil (Romazicon)
963

Furosemide (Lasix)
964

Gabapentin (Neurontin)
965

Gentamicin
966

Glucagon
967

Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
969

Granisetron (Kytril)
970

Haloperidol Lactate (Haldol)
970

Halothane
971

Hemabate (Carboprost, 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha)
973

Heparin
975

Hetastarch
977

Hydralazine
978

Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
979

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
980

Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
981

Indigo Carmine
982

Insulin
983

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
985

Isoflurane
986

Isoproterenol
988

Ketamine
989

Ketoprofen (Orudis)
990

Ketorolac (Toradol)
991

Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)
992

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
993

Lorazepam (Ativan)
995

Magnesium Sulfate
996

Mannitol (Osmitrol)
998

MAO Inhibitors: Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Phenelzine (Nardil), Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
999

Meperidine (Demerol)
1001

Mepivacaine (Carbocaine, Polocaine)
1003

Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose, Physeptone)
1004

Methohexital Sodium (Brevital)
1005

Methylene Blue
1006

Methylergonovine (Methergine)
1007

Methylprednisolone
1008

Metoclopramide (Reglan)
1010

Metocurine (Metubine)
1011

Metoprolol (Lopressor)
1012

Metronidazole (Flagyl)
1013

Midazolam (Versed)
1014

Milrinone
1016

Mivacurium
1018

Morphine (Roxanol, MSIR, MS Contin, Duramorph)
1018

Nalbuphine (Nubain)
1020

Naloxone (Narcan)
1021

Naltrexone (ReVia)
1022

Neostigmine
1023

Nicardipine
1024

Nifedipine
1025

Nimodipine
1026

Nitric Oxide
1027

Nitroglycerin
1029

Nitroprusside (Nipride)
1030

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
1032

Norepinephrine (Levophed)
1035

Octreotide
1035

Ondansetron (Zofran)
1036

Oxygen
1037

Pancuronium
1039

Penicillin G
1040

Phenobarbital
1041

Phentolamine (Regitine)
1042

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
1044

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
1045

Physostigmine
1046

Pipecuronium (Arduan)
1048

Potassium Chloride
1049

Prilocaine (EMLA Cream)
1051

Procainamide
1052

Procaine (Novocain)
1053

Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
1055

Promethazine (Phenergan)
1056

Propofol (Diprivan)
1057

Propranolol (Inderal)
1058

Prostacyclin (PGI2, Epoprostenol, Flolan)
1059

Protamine
1061

Pyridostigmine
1062

Ranitidine (Zantac)
1063

Remifentanil (Ultiva)
1064

Reopro (Abciximab)
1065

Rocuronium
1066

Ropivacaine
1067

Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
1068

Sevoflurane
1069

Sodium Bicarbonate
1071

Sodium Citrate (Bicitra, Shohl’s Solution)
1073

Succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin)
1074

Sufentanil
1075

Terbutaline (Brethine, Bricanyl)
1077

Tetracaine
1078

THAM Acetate
1079

Thiopental Sodium (Pentothal)
1079

Triamcinolone (Azmacort, Kenalog, Nasacort)
1081

Trimethaphan (Arfonad)
1082

Vancomycin
1084

Vasopressin
1085

Vecuronium
1086

Verapamil
1087

Wafarin Sodium (Coumadin)
1088