Parasitology. an Integrated Approach (Softcover)

DESCRIPTION

Parasitology: An Integrated Approach, provides a concise, student-friendly account of parasites and parasite relationships that is supported by case studies and suggestions for student projects. The book focuses strongly on parasite interactions with other pathogens and in particular parasite-HIV interactions, as well as looking at how host behaviour contributes to the spread of infections. There is a consideration of the positive aspects of parasite infections, how humans have used parasites for their own advantage and also how parasite infections affect the welfare of captive and domestic animals. The emphasis of Parasitology is on recent research throughout and each chapter ends with a brief discussion of future developments. This text is not simply an updated version of typical parastitology books but takes an integrated approach and explains how the study of parasites requires an understanding of a wide range of other topics from molecular biology and immunology to the interactions of parasites with both their hosts and other pathogens.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Preface

1. Animal associations
1. Introduction
2. Animal associations
1. Symbiosis
2. Commensalism
3. Phoresis
4. Mutualism
5. Parasitism
6. Intra-specific parasites
7. Parasitoids
8. The concept of harm
3. Parasite hosts
1. Protozoa and helminths as hosts
2. Classes of hosts for parasites
4. The co-evolution of parasites and their hosts
1. Evolutionary relationships between host and parasite
2. Parasites and the evolution of sexual reproduction
5. Parasitism as a ‘lifestyle’: advantages and limitations
1. Main advantages of a parasitic lifestyle
2. Main limitations of a parasitic life style
6. The economic cost of parasitic diseases
1. Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of humans
2. Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of domestic animals
3. Estimating the costs of morbidity due to disease
4. Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of wildlife
7. Why parasitic diseases remain a problem
8. Taxonomy
1. The binomen system
• Questions
2. Parasitic protozoa, fungi and plants
1. Introduction
2. Parasitic protozoa
1. Kingdom Protista
3. Phylum Rhizopoda
1. Genus Entamoeba
2. Other species of pathogenic amoebae
4. Phylum Metamonada
1. Order Diplomonadida
2. Order Trichomonadida
5. Phylum Apicomplexa
1. Genus Plasmodium
2. Plasmodium life cycle
3. Genus Theileria
4. Genus Babesia
6. Subclass Coccidiasina
1. Suborder Eimeriorina
2. Isospora group
3. Genus Cyclospora
4. Family Sarcocystidae
5. Genus Toxoplasma
6. Genus Neospora
7. Family Cryptosporidiidae
7. Phylum Kinetoplastida
1. Genus Leishmania
2. Leishmania life cycle
3. Genus Trypanosoma
8. Phylum Chlorophyta
1. Genus Prototheca
9. Kingdom fungi
1. Microsporidia
10. Kingdom plantae
• Questions
3. 3 Helminth parasites
1. Introduction: invertebrate taxonomy
2. Phylum Platyhelminthes
3. Class Trematoda
1. Family Fasciolidae
2. Family Cathaemasiidae: Genus Ribeiroia
3. Family Dicrocoeliidae
4. Family Opisthorchiformes
5. Family Paragonomidae
6. Family Schistosomatidae
4. Class Cestoda
1. Order Pseudophyllidea/Diphyllobothriidea
2. Order Cyclophyllidea
3. Family Taeniidae
4. Family Anoplocephalidae
5. Phylum Acanthocephala
6. Phylum Nematoda (Nemata)
1. Class Enoplea
2. Class Rhabdita
3. Family Onchocercidae
4. Family Dracunculidae
• Questions
4. Arthropod parasites
1. Introduction
2. Phylum Chelicerata
1. Family Demodicidae
2. Family Sarcoptidae
3. Family Psoroptidae
4. Suborder Ixodida
5. Family Argasidae
6. Family Ixodidae
7. Tick paralysis
3. Phylum Crustacea
1. Subclass Copepoda
2. Infra-Class Cirripedia
3. Subclass Branchiura
4. Subclass Pentastomida – tongue worms
4. Sub-phylum Hexapoda
1. Order Phthiraptera (lice)
2. Order Siphonaptera (fleas)
3. Order Diptera (true flies)
4. Suborder Nematocera
5. Suborder Brachycera
6. Family Calliphoridae
7. Genus Chrysomya
8. Genus Cochliomyia
9. Genus Auchmeromyia
10. Genus Cordylobia
11. Family Sarcophagidae
12. Family Oestridae
13. Subfamily Gasterophilinae
14. Subfamily Hypodermatinae
15. Subfamily Cuterebrinae
16. Family Streblidae
17. Family Nycteribiidae
• Questions
5. 5 Parasite transmission
1. Introduction
2. Contaminative transmission
3. Transmission associated with reproduction
1. Sexual transmission
2. Transmission within the gametes
3. Congenital transmission
4. Autoinfection
5. Nosocomial transmission
6. Active parasite transmission
7. Hosts and vectors
1. Paratenic hosts
2. Intermediate hosts
3. Vectors
8. Host factors
1. Host identification
2. The influence of host behaviour on parasite transmission
9. Co-transmission and interactions between infectious agents
10. How religion can influence parasite transmission
11. The influence of war on parasite transmission
12. The influence of parasites on host behaviour
13. Environmental factors
1. Natural environmental variables
2. Pollution
3. Global warming
• Questions
6. Immune reactions to parasitic infections
1. Introduction
2. Invertebrate immunity
3. Vertebrate immunity
1. Innate immunity
2. Adaptive immunity
3. Cell-mediated immunity
4. Innate immunity to parasitic infection
1. Physical factors
2. Chemical and microbial factors
3. The acute inflammatory response
4. Cell-mediated immunity
5. Adaptive immunity
1. Avoiding the host immune response
2. Depression of the immune system
6. Immunity to malaria
7. Schistosoma mansoni and Hepatitis C virus interactions
8. HIV-AIDS and parasitic disease
1. Parasites and the transmission of HIV
2. Parasite-HIV co-infections
3. Leishmania-HIV co-infections
4. Malaria–HIV co-infections
5. Toxoplasma–HIV co-infections
6. Microsporidia–HIV co-infections
• Questions
7. Pathology
1. Introduction
2. Factors that influence pathogenesis
1. Host factors that influence pathogenesis
2. Parasite factors that influence pathogenesis
3. Mechanisms by which parasites induce pathology
1. Direct damage
2. Indirect damage
4. Types of pathology
1. Abortion and obstetric pathology
2. Anaemia
3. Anorexia
4. Apoptosis
5. Calcification
6. Cancer
7. Castration
8. Delusional parasitosis
9. Diarrhoea
10. Elephantiasis
11. Fever
12. Granulation and fibrosis
13. Hyperplasia
14. Hypertrophy
15. Inflammation and ulceration
16. Jaundice
17. Metaplasia
18. Pressure atrophy
19. Psychological disturbance
5. Damage to specific organs
1. The bladder
2. The brain
3. The digestive system
4. The genitalia
5. The kidney
6. The liver
7. The lungs
8. The skin
9. The spleen
6. Co-infections and pathogenesis
• Questions
8. The useful parasite
1. Introduction: the goodness of parasites?
2. The importance of parasites for the maintenance of a healthy immune system
1. The hygiene hypothesis
2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
3. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
4. Inflammatory bowel disease
3. The use of parasites to treat medical conditions
1. Helminth therapy
2. Larval therapy
3. Leech therapy
4. Malaria therapy (malariotherapy)
4. Parasites as sources of novel pharmaceutically-active compounds
5. Parasites as biological control agents
1. Life cycle of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis and Steinernema
6. Parasites as forensic indicators
• Questions
9. 9Identification of protozoan and helminth parasites
1. Introduction
2. The importance of correct identification
3. Properties of an ideal diagnostic test
4. Isolation of parasites
5. Identification from gross morphology
1. Morphological identification of Entamoeba
2. Morphological identification of Plasmodium and Babesia
3. Morphological identification of Taenia tapeworms
4. Morphological identification of filarial nematode infections
6. Biochemical techniques
7. Immunological techniques
8. Molecular techniques
9. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)
1. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria
2. Rapid diagnostic test for filariasis
10. MALDI-TOF MS
• Questions
10. Parasite treatment and control
1. Introduction
2. Importance of understanding parasite life cycles for effective treatment and control
3. Treatment of parasitic diseases
1. The ideal antiparasitic drug
2. Pharmaceutical drugs
3. DNA/RNA technology
4. Molecular chaperones (heat shock proteins)
5. Nanotechnology
6. Quantum dots
7. Natural remedies
8. Homeopathy
4. Vaccines against parasitic diseases
1. Attenuated vaccines
2. Killed vaccines
3. Recombinant vaccines
4. Toxoid vaccines
5. DNA vaccines
6. Vaccine administration
5. Control of parasitic diseases
1. Eradication, elimination and control of parasitic diseases
2. Education
3. Environmental modification and cultural control
4. Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS technology
5. Treating the individual or the population
6. Piggy-backing control programmes
7. Disruptions to control programmes
8. Role of governments, foundations, and aid organisations
• Questions

• References
• Index