Metabolism at a Glance

Description

Metabolism at a Glance presents a concise, illustrated summary of metabolism in health and disease. This essential text is progressively appropriate for introductory through to advanced medical and biochemistry courses. It also provides a succinct review of inborn errors of metabolism, and reference for postgraduate medical practitioners and biomedical scientists who need a resource to quickly refresh their knowledge.

Fully updated and extensively illustrated, this new edition of Metabolism at a Glance is now in full colour throughout, and includes new coverage of sports biochemistry; the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and cholesterol; glyceroneogenesis, α-oxidation and ω-oxidation of fatty acids. It also features the overlooked “Krebs Uric Acid Cycle”. 
 
Metabolism at a Glance offers an accessible introduction to metabolism, and is ideal as a revision aid for students preparing for undergraduate and USMLE Step 1 exams.

Contents

Preface

Part 1 Energy metabolism

1 Introduction to metabolic pathways 

2 Biosynthesis of ATP I: ATP, the molecule that powers metabolism

3 Biosynthesis of ATP II: mitochondrial respiratory chain

4 The oxidation of cytosolic NADH: the malate/aspartate shuttle and the glycerol phosphate shuttle

5 Metabolism of glucose to provide energy

6 Metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields 31 (or should it be 38?) molecules of ATP

7 Anaerobic metabolism of glucose and glycogen to yield energy as ATP

8 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) and the red blood cell

9 Metabolism of triacylglycerol to provide energy as ATP

Part 2 Carbohydrate metabolism

10 Metabolism of glucose to glycogen

11 Glycogen metabolism I

12 Glycogen metabolism II

13 Glycogen metabolism III: regulation of glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis)

14 Glycogen metabolism IV: regulation of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis)

15 The pentose phosphate pathway: the production of NADPH and reduced glutathione

16 Regulation of glycolysis: overview exemplified by glycolysis in cardiac muscle

17 Glycolysis in skeletal muscle: biochemistry of sport and exercise

18 Regulation of gluconeogenesis

19 Regulation of Krebs cycle

20 Mammals cannot synthesize glucose from fatty acids

21 Supermouse: overexpression of cytosolic PEPCK in skeletal muscle causes super-athletic performance

22 Sorbitol, galactitol, glucuronate and xylitol

23 Fructose metabolism

24 Metabolism of ethanol

Part 3 Fat metabolism

25 The pyruvate/malate cycle and the production of NADPH

26 Metabolism of glucose to fat (triacylglycerol)

27 Metabolism of glucose to fatty acids and triacylglycerol

28 Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway collaborate in liver to make fat

29 Esterification of fatty acids to triacylglycerol (TAG) in liver and white adipose tissue

30 Mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue: part 1 Regulation of lipolysis

31 Mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue: part 2 the triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycle

32 Glyceroneogenesis

33 Metabolism of protein to fat after feeding

34 Elongation and desaturation of fatty acids

35 β-oxidation of fatty acids and the carnitine shuttle

36 The ketone bodies    

37 Ketone body utilization

38 β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids

39 Peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids

40 α- and β-oxidation of fatty acids

41 ω-oxidation of fatty acids     

Part 4 Steroid metabolism

42 Cholesterol

43 Steroid Hormones and Bile Salts  

Part 5 Amino acid metabolism

44 Biosynthesis of the non-essential amino acids 

45 Catabolism of amino acids I  

46 Catabolism of amino acids II  

47 Metabolism of amino acids to glucose in starvation and during the period immediately after refeeding

48 Disorders of amino acid metabolism   

49 Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism    

50 Tryptophan metabolism: the biosynthesis of NAD+, serotonin and melatonin

51 The ornithine cycle for the production of urea: ‘the urea cycle’

Part 6 Metabolic channelling

52 Metabolic channelling I: enzymes are organized to enable channelling of metabolic intermediates  

53 Metabolic Channelling II: Fatty acid synthase

Part 7 Purines, pyrimidines and porphyrins

54 Amino acid metabolism, folate metabolism and the ‘1-carbon pool’ I: purine biosynthesis

55 Amino acid metabolism, folate metabolism and the ‘1-carbon pool’ II: pyrimidine biosynthesis

56 The Krebs Uric Acid Cycle for the disposal of nitrogenous waste

57 Porphyrin metabolism, haem and the bile pigments   

Part 8 Integration of metabolic pathways and diabetes

58 Metabolic pathways in fasting liver and their disorder in Reye’s syndrome

59 Diabetes I: metabolic changes in diabetes

60 Diabetes II: T1DM, T2DM, MODY and pancreatic β-cell metabolism

61 Diabetes III: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dysfunctional liver metabolism

Index