Atlas of Pain Injection Techniques

A highly illustrated, practical guide with easy-to-follow descriptions of pain injection techniques. It will give special advice on how to achieve a successful block and how to avoid and manage potential problems. The techniques will be described in a systematic way using the following template:

Anatomy of Structures

• Equipment
• Drugs
• Position of Patient
• Needle Puncture and Technique
• Confirmation of a Successful Block
• Special Tips on How to Achieve a Successful Block
• Potential Problems and How to Avoid and Treat
• Aftercare
• Comments.

· Each description of the injection will be accompanied by figures (photograph/line drawing as appropriate) demonstrating the surface anatomy, patient position, needle puncture site and movement of the needle in relation to anatomy. Where necessary, further figures will be used to show dye injections and successful blocks.

Features

• Easy to understand and assimilate the information - uses concise bulleted text with important factors highlighted throughout
• Comprehensively illustrated with over 200 photographs and 250 line drawings - shows how to perform each injection technique using a step-by-step approach
• Includes material suitable for both the novice and the intermediate
• Clinically relevant - offers solutions to actual clinical problems and highlights potential pitfalls
• Highly practical orientation

Contents

1. Mechanisms of pain transmission—an overview of anatomy and physiology

2. Joint injections 2.1 Lumbar facet joint injection 2.1 Cervical facet joint injection 2.3 Sacro-iliac joint injection

3. Epidural blockade 3.1 Lumbar epidural block 3.2 Thoracic epidural block 3.3 Cervical epidural block 3.4 Caudal epidural block 3.5 Long-term epidural catheter insertion

4. Somatic nerve blockade 4.1 Intercostal nerve block 4.2 Interpleural block 4.3 Lumbar nerve root block 4.4 Thoracic nerve root block 4.5 Sacral nerve root block 4.6 Occipital nerve block 4.7 Trigeminal ganglion (Gasserian) block

5. Autonomic blockade 5.1 Stellate ganglion block—C6 (classic) approach 5.2 Stellate ganglion block—C7 approach 5.3 Lumbar sympathetic block 5.4 Celiac plexus block—retrocrural approach 5.5 Celiac plexus block—anterocrural approach 5.6 Splanchnic nerve block 5.7 Hypogastric plexus block 5.8 Ganglion impar block 5.9 Intravenous regional sympathetic block—upper limb 5.10 Intravenous regional sympathetic block—lower limb

6. Muscle injection 6.1 Trigger-point injection—neck 6.2 Trigger-point injection—back 6.3 Gluteus medius injection 6.4 Piri formis injection

7. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Appendix 1 Suggested local anesthetics

Appendix 2 Suggested corticosteroids

Appendix 3 Suggested neurolytic agents

Appendix 4 Recommended resuscitation drugs and equipment

Appendix 5 Dermatomes