Local Flaps in Facial Reconstruction

SECTION I. FUNDAMENTALS
CHAPTER 1. ANATOMY OF THE SKIN
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
EPIDERMIS
DERMAL-EPIDERMAL JUNCTION
DERMIS
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 2. SKIN FLAP PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SKIN
NEUROVASCULAR SUPPLY TO LOCAL SKIN FLAPS
VASCULAR DESIGN OF COMMON LOCAL SKIN FLAPS IN THE HEAD AND NECK
PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES AFTER SKIN FLAP ELEVATION
WOUND HEALING
ATTEMPTS TO ALTER SKIN FLAP VIABILITY
IMPAIRED FLAPS
TISSUE ENGINEERING
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 3. BIOMECHANICS OF SKIN FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CUTANEOUS TISSUE
MECHANOTRANSDUCTION AND SKIN
SURGICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE BIOMECHANICS OF SKIN
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 4. WOUND CLOSURE TECHNIQUES
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
WOUND HEALING
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
SUTURE MATERIAL
TISSUE SEALANTS
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 5. PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT
Abstract
PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT
References
CHAPTER 6. FLAP CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGN
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
LOCAL FLAP CLASSIFICATION
PIVOTAL FLAPS
ROTATION FLAPS
TRANSPOSITION FLAPS
INTERPOLATED FLAP
ISLAND FLAPS
ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
SINGLE PEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAP
V-TO-Y AND Y-TO-V ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
BIPEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
HINGE FLAP
DEFECT ANALYSIS
PREFERRED FLAPS
References
CHAPTER 7. ROTATION
FLAPS Abstract
INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
CASE REPORTS
References
CHAPTER 8. TRANSPOSITION FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS
CASE REPORTS
References
CHAPTER 9. ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
UNIPEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
BILATERAL UNIPEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
MODIFIED T-PLASTY
V-TO-Y AND Y-TO-V ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE PEDICLE ISLAND ADVANCEMENT FLAP
BIPEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
APPLICATIONS
CASE REPORTS
References
CHAPTER 10. BILOBE FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
BIOMECHANICS
FLAP DESIGN
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
CASE REPORTS
References
CHAPTER 11. RHOMBIC FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
LIMBERG FLAP
DUFOURMENTEL FLAP
WEBSTER 30° FLAP
VARIATIONS OF FLAP DESIGN
BILATERAL RHOMBIC FLAPS
CASE REPORTS
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 12. MELOLABIAL FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MELOLABIAL TRANSPOSITION FLAPS
MELOLABIAL ADVANCEMENT FLAPS
MELOLABIAL INTERPOLATED SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE PEDICLE FLAPS
MELOLABIAL INTERPOLATED CUTANEOUS PEDICLE FLAPS
CASE REPORTS
References
CHAPTER 13. INTERPOLATED PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD FLAP
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
THE PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD FLAP AS A LINING FLAP
References
CHAPTER 14. Z-PLASTY
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
GEOMETRY AND DESIGN
SURGICAL APPLICATION AND TECHNIQUE
SUMMARY
CASE REPORTS
References
CHAPTER 15. SKIN AND COMPOSITE GRAFTS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
SKIN GRAFTS
DEFECT PREPARATION
FULL-THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS
SPLIT-THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS
COMPOSITE CHONDROCUTANEOUS GRAFTS
OTHER COMPOSITE GRAFTS
References
CHAPTER 16. THE USE OF SKIN GRAFTS WITH LOCAL FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PIVOTAL FLAPS WITH SKIN GRAFTS
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CERVICAL FACIAL FLAPS WITH SKIN GRAFTS
CASE 4
CASE 5
CASE 6
ADVANCEMENT FLAPS WITH SKIN GRAFTS
CASE 7
CASE 8
CASE 9
CASE 10
CASE 11
CASE 12
References
SECTION II. RECONSTRUCTION OF FACIAL STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 17. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EYELIDS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE OCULAR ANTERIOR SEGMENT
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE EYELIDS
ANESTHESIA
RECONSTRUCTIVE OBJECTIVES
RELAXED SKIN TENSION LINES
LOCAL SKIN FLAPS FOR SUPERFICIAL DEFECTS
PRIMARY CLOSURE OF FULL-THICKNESS DEFECTS
SEMICIRCULAR FLAP RECONSTRUCTION OF LARGER FULL-THICKNESS DEFECTS
FREE TARSOCONJUNCTIVAL GRAFTS FOR LOWER EYELID RECONSTRUCTION
HUGHES TARSOCONJUNCTIVAL FLAP FOR LOWER EYELID RECONSTRUCTION
TARSAL TRANSPOSITION FLAP FOR LATERAL UPPER EYELID RECONSTRUCTION
EYELID AND SIMPLE TARSAL COMPOSITE GRAFTS
CUTLER-BEARD FLAP FOR COMPLETE UPPER EYELID RECONSTRUCTION
MEDIAL CANTHAL TENDON RECONSTRUCTION
CANALICULAR RECONSTRUCTION
References
CHAPTER 18. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NOSE
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
FACIAL AESTHETIC REGIONS
LINING FLAPS
FRAMEWORK
COVERING FLAPS
SKIN GRAFTS
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NASAL AESTHETIC UNITS
FLAP REFINEMENT
References
CHAPTER 19. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LIPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
VERMILION RECONSTRUCTION
CUTANEOUS RECONSTRUCTION
FULL-THICKNESS RECONSTRUCTIONS
COMMISSUREPLASTY
References
CHAPTER 20. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CHEEK
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
MEDIAL CHEEK DEFECTS
BUCCAL CHEEK DEFECTS
LATERAL DEFECTS
ZYGOMATIC CHEEK DEFECTS
MULTIREGIONAL CHEEK DEFECTS
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 21. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FOREHEAD
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
FUNCTIONAL AND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
RECONSTRUCTIVE PRINCIPLES
FLAPS FOR FOREHEAD RECONSTRUCTION
MIDLINE FOREHEAD RECONSTRUCTION
PARAMEDIAN FOREHEAD RECONSTRUCTION
LATERAL FOREHEAD RECONSTRUCTION
EYEBROW RECONSTRUCTION
COMPLICATIONS
References
CHAPTER 22. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AURICLE
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY
AURICULAR ARCHITECTURE
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
AURICULAR RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON ANATOMIC LOCATION
References
CHAPTER 23. RECONSTRUCTION OF CONGENITAL AURICULAR MALFORMATIONS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY
CLASSIFICATION
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MICROTIA
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
References
CHAPTER 24. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SCALP
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
GOALS
HEALING BY SECONDARY INTENTION
PRIMARY WOUND CLOSURE
SKIN GRAFTING
LOCAL FLAPS
REGIONAL FLAPS
TEMPOROPARIETAL FASCIA FLAP
MICROSURGICAL TISSUE TRANSFER
ADJUVANT TECHNIQUES
INTRAOPERATIVE TISSUE EXPANSION
CONTINUOUS EXTERNAL TISSUE EXPANSION / WOUND CLOSURE
HAIR TRANSPLANTS
References
SECTION II. ADJUNCTIVE SURGERY
CHAPTER 25. CONTROLLED TISSUE EXPANSION IN FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION
Abstract

INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES
TISSUE EXPANSION DEVICES
EXPANDER SELECTION
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
TECHNIQUE
SCALP EXPANSION
FOREHEAD EXPANSION
FACE AND NECK EXPANSION
EXPANDERS FOR NASAL AND EAR RECONSTRUCTION
EXTERNAL INJECTION PORT
INTRAOPERATIVE SKIN EXPANSION
COMPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 26. COMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL FLAPS
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
COMPLICATIONS INHERENT TO SURGERY
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND FLAP DESIGN
CASE EXAMPLES
References
CHAPTER 27. SCAR REVISION AND LOCAL FLAP REFINEMENT
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
SCAR REVISION
IDEAL SCAR
TIMING OF SCAR REVISION
PATIENT ASSESSMENT
TECHNIQUES
ACNE SCAR
KELOID AND HYPERTROPHIC SCAR
NONSURGICAL OPTIONS AND FILLERS
LOCAL FLAP REFINEMENT
TRAP-DOOR DEFORMITY
References
CHAPTER 28. MANAGEMENT OF VASCULAR ANOMALIES OF THE FACE
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
TREATMENT
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
References

Dozens of new clinical cases, enlarged photographs, new abstracts and algorithms, and more make the 4th Edition of Local Flaps in Facial Reconstruction your state-of-the-art resource for achieving optimal results for the full range of facial flap procedures. It offers detailed visual guidance and unmatched expertise from prominent surgeons in otolaryngology, ophthalmology, plastic surgery, and dermatology, reflecting the multi-specialty nature of this dynamic field. Full-color clinical photographs and line drawings, along with high-quality surgical video clips, capture the latest, most effective facial reconstruction practices and methods.

• Clearly demonstrates practical and effective methods of reconstruction of skin defects in a variety of sizes, configurations, and locations on the head and neck.
• Covers the basic concepts of flap physiology, design, and mechanics of flap transfer, including multiple clinical examples for each flap the second section describes the use of local flaps in reconstruction of individual facial structures including the auricles, lips, eyelids, cheeks, forehead, and nose.
• Contains many new clinical cases, new abstracts preceding each chapter, new algorithms for selecting the preferred local flap, an updated and expanded bibliography, newer approaches to facial reconstruction, and enlarged photographs to better view flap design, planes of dissection, and methods of flap transfer.
• Offers new, more complex clinical cases of nasal reconstruction, as well as updated coverage of new wound closure techniques and materials.
• Includes an outstanding video library demonstrating the design, dissection, and transfer of the majority of local flaps and grafts currently in use today, accompanied by expert commentary.
• Features more than 2,300 superb illustrations and photographs of rotation flaps, transposition flaps, advancement flaps, bilobe flaps, melolabial flaps, paramedian forehead flaps, rhombic flaps, and mucosal flaps.
• Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Author Information:
By Shan R. Baker, MD, Professor and Chief, section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Director Center for Facial Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI